GERMAN: Gastfreundschaftskultur und diplomatische Rituale im Iran zur Zeit der Ṣ afavī den Nach europä ischen Reiseberichten im 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert (ENGLISH: Hospitality Culture and Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette in Safavid Iran, with Concentration on European Travel Literature (15th-18th Century))

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SHAHIDI ALI; Habibi Kosar

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Journal: SPEKTRUM IRAN Year:2019 | Volume:32 | Issue:2 Page(s): 67-96

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Title

GERMAN: Gastfreundschaftskultur und diplomatische Rituale im Iran zur Zeit der Ṣ afavī den Nach europä ischen Reiseberichten im 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert (ENGLISH: Hospitality Culture and Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette in Safavid Iran, with Concentration on European Travel Literature (15th-18th Century))

Author(s)

SHAHIDI ALI | Habibi Kosar | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

(ENGLISH: Diplomatic protocol

etiquette

Safavid

travel literature)

Abstract

GERMAN: Beginnend mit der Ṣ afavī dischen Dynastie im frü hen 16. Jahrhundert sandten die Europä er viele staatliche und nichtstaatliche Delegationen zu politischen, kommerziellen und religiö sen Zwecken in den Iran3. Die Art und Weise, wie die iranische Regierung diese Gä ste behandelte, basierte auf bestimmte Brä uche, die als Muster der diplomatischen Formalitä ten des Iran in der Ṣ afavī dischen Ä ra bezeichnet werden kö nnen. Die Anerkennung dieser Etikette wird zu einem besseren Verstä ndnis der damaligen Situation im Iran fü hren, da die Formalitä ten in jeder Periode von den sozialen, kulturellen, politischen und wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen ihrer Zeit beeinflusst wurden. ENGLISH: Out of Iranian hospitality culture in the Safavid era emerged some royal courtesy and etiquette which formed a basis for Safavid diplomatic protocol. However, the details of the protocol and etiquette, perhaps due to the familiarity or the insignificance of them in the eyes of Iranian people, are less documented in Persian historical records and should be tracked down to non-Iranian sources, in particular 15th-18th century European travelogues, whose writers were unaccustomed with Iranian formalities and therefore recorded them in their writings. For that reason, in the present study, efforts have been made to gather and classify the said protocol and etiquette rest on data extracted from European travel literature; various aspects of the formalities, including the date of entry and departure of embassies, the date and the place of the royal levee, order of precedence and the manner of receiving foreign delegations, the way of paying respect to Shah, seating arrangements, the manner of giving and receiving royal gifts, and gaining royal decree to leave the country, are all part of the diplomatic protocol and etiquette in Safavid Iran which differ significantly from their previous historical periods. The etiquette and protocol in the Safavid court led to the emergence of some titles and positions such as Mihmā ndā r and Mihmā ndā r-bā shi, whose owners were obliged to serve their international guests and foreign diplomatic delegations and show them high regard and respects from the moment of their arrival until the time of their departure.

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APA: Copy

SHAHIDI, ALI, & Habibi, Kosar. (2019). GERMAN: Gastfreundschaftskultur und diplomatische Rituale im Iran zur Zeit der Ṣ afavī den Nach europä ischen Reiseberichten im 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert (ENGLISH: Hospitality Culture and Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette in Safavid Iran, with Concentration on European Travel Literature (15th-18th Century)). SPEKTRUM IRAN, 32(2 ), 67-96. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/267494/en

Vancouver: Copy

SHAHIDI ALI, Habibi Kosar. GERMAN: Gastfreundschaftskultur und diplomatische Rituale im Iran zur Zeit der Ṣ afavī den Nach europä ischen Reiseberichten im 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert (ENGLISH: Hospitality Culture and Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette in Safavid Iran, with Concentration on European Travel Literature (15th-18th Century)). SPEKTRUM IRAN[Internet]. 2019;32(2 ):67-96. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/267494/en

IEEE: Copy

ALI SHAHIDI, and Kosar Habibi, “GERMAN: Gastfreundschaftskultur und diplomatische Rituale im Iran zur Zeit der Ṣ afavī den Nach europä ischen Reiseberichten im 15. bis 18. Jahrhundert (ENGLISH: Hospitality Culture and Diplomatic Protocol and Etiquette in Safavid Iran, with Concentration on European Travel Literature (15th-18th Century)),” SPEKTRUM IRAN, vol. 32, no. 2 , pp. 67–96, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/267494/en

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