THE EFFECT OF CLIMAT ON IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN BALUCHESTAN OF IRAN CASE STUDY: QANAT IN HICHAN

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BARIMANI F.; SALIGHEH M.; Reiisy m.k.

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Journal: GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Year:2005 | Volume:20 | Issue:1(76) Page(s): 38-52

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Title

THE EFFECT OF CLIMAT ON IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN BALUCHESTAN OF IRAN CASE STUDY: QANAT IN HICHAN

Author(s)

BARIMANI F. | SALIGHEH M. | Reiisy m.k. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

QANATQ2

DISTRIBUTION OF WATERQ4

SUMMER RAINQ2

CLIMATEQ2

CULTUREQ4

SUNSHINE INDICATORQ3

IRRIGATIONQ2

BALUCHESTANQ2

IRANQ2

Abstract

One of the achievements of man in dry areas is obtaining water through subterranean water canals, locally called QANAT. As believed by some experts, it is an ancient IRANian innovation. According to Fisher, %80 of IRANian activities are based on underground water and one of the main ways for obtaining water, is through QANAT (subterranean water canal) in Baloochistan. It is a major factor in establishing human residences, and agriculture strongly depends on it. The present study, is based on a field research done in an area, called "Hichan" of the city of Nikshar in Baloochestan. It shows that the method of water utilization in this area is considerably different from other regions of IRAN. They are as the following:1) The length of the subterranean canal (series of wells, connected together under the ground through which water is carried from one point toward the target area), does not exceed 3Km. .2) Because of being located in a mountainous region, some of the small, seasonal or local rivers feed the subterranean water resources.3) South-east of IRAN, including the region under study, is affected by Indian Ocean's seasonal system, so the area enjoys SUMMER RAINfalls. As a result the system acts interruptedly with seasonal systems whenever the region experiences the SUMMER RAIN. Because of a great deal of surface run off, the use of underground water, is not much needed. That is why, in the wet years, especially during rainy summers, the area under cultivation, will expand by 50% and the rate of crops (products), will increase by three times.Irrigation (Timetable)Irrigation cycle is a period of 5 days in the region of Hichan. During the first four days, irrigating water is divided into six shares and on the last day, it is divided into eight shares. The fifth day is locally called Meldari. The difference between one-sixth (hexadic) and one-eighth (octonary) shares is that in a one-eighth division, water irrigates eight smaller pieces of land than those of one-sixth division during each night-and-day.Distribution of water in Hichan is based on scale; called bowl (a bowl which has a small hole in the centre. The bowl is put on the water and it enters into the bowl through the hole). The time of filling is called a bowl or "tass" which is about 15 minutes.In each hexadic (one - sixth) and octonary (one - eighth) division, supply of water is based on "Zar" (=meter). Each zar in one-sixth division has 4 Tass and in one -eighth has 3 Tass. In other word, the total distribution period, in Hichan is equal to 450 zar which in a day - night is 90 zar. Since during the night, the rate of distribution is not accurate, each zar of water, in one- eighth pieces of land is divided into 3 equal parts in which each parts is one tass (bowl) or "Miri", but in one- sixth pieces of land, there are 4 tass (bowls). So in the latter case, water is divided in smaller amounts than those of one-eighth piece of land.The Scale of SunshineDuring day time, the SUNSHINE INDICATOR (index) is used for water distribution. The index height is 50 cm. At 7 o'clock in the morning, the shadow of the indicator reaches to 70 cm, this is the time when the SUNSHINE INDICATOR begins to be used. This is the first phase of distribution. The second phase begins at 10 o'clock when the height of the shadow is 30 cm westward. The third phase starts at 13 o'clock when the height decreased to 4cm. The forth phase begins at 15 o'clock when the shadow height of the indicator is 30 cm eastward. The fifth phase begins at 17 and sixth at 23 o'clock. During the night, this process is carried out by Mirab, waterman, based on Haghabe, the water share.

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APA: Copy

BARIMANI, F., SALIGHEH, M., & Reiisy, m.k.. (2005). THE EFFECT OF CLIMAT ON IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN BALUCHESTAN OF IRAN CASE STUDY: QANAT IN HICHAN. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, 20(1(76)), 38-52. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/29913/en

Vancouver: Copy

BARIMANI F., SALIGHEH M., Reiisy m.k.. THE EFFECT OF CLIMAT ON IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN BALUCHESTAN OF IRAN CASE STUDY: QANAT IN HICHAN. GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH[Internet]. 2005;20(1(76)):38-52. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/29913/en

IEEE: Copy

F. BARIMANI, M. SALIGHEH, and m.k. Reiisy, “THE EFFECT OF CLIMAT ON IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN BALUCHESTAN OF IRAN CASE STUDY: QANAT IN HICHAN,” GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH, vol. 20, no. 1(76), pp. 38–52, 2005, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/29913/en

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