Undesirable effects of sand and gravel mining on river system, Case study: Shirud River Tonekabon (Mazandaran Province)

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HOSSEINZADEH M.M.; Shirud Isa N.; ESMAILI R.

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Journal: Researches in Earth Sciences Year:2018 | Volume:9 | Issue:34 Page(s): 0-0

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Title

Undesirable effects of sand and gravel mining on river system, Case study: Shirud River Tonekabon (Mazandaran Province)

Author(s)

HOSSEINZADEH M.M. | Shirud Isa N. | ESMAILI R. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

River ecosystemQ1

Sand and gravel harvestingQ1

TonekabonQ1

Shirud RiverQ1

EnvironmentalQ2

Abstract

Today rivers have many benefits to human societies. One of these benefits is the harvesting of sand from the floor and riverside boundaries, which has adverse effects on the morphology and River ecosystem. The Shirud River flows in the city of Tonekabon, which originates from the Alborz mountains and flows into the Caspian Sea. There are currently three active sand mining in the coastal plain section of the Shirud River. The first mine in Kashkou village, the second mine near the village of Solayman Abad and the third mine is located in the village of Kechanak. In this study, the morphology and effects of sand and gravel on river water quality were studied. In this study, eight water sampling sites along the river were selected and in two dehydrated and high water samples were taken and water quality parameters including temperature, pH, TSS, TDS, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and hardness were measured. The statistical methods including one-sample t-test, Wilcoxon and Friedman were used to examining the differences in the values of each of the variables. Investigating the differences in the values of variables using the t one-sample test shows that the values of each of these variables in different sites show a significant difference from upstream downstream. Also, variations in morning and evening samples using the Wilcoxon test show that except for a sample of NTU and hardness of water, the amount of other variables has a significant difference. Examining each of the samples in the four times taken by using Friedman test indicates a distinct difference between all the variables in different samples. Despite the significant changes in each of the samples, the value of any of the variables is not more than the standard value and the river is in normal condition. The most important geomorphological outcomes of these observations are the downfall and fall of the river bed, coastal erosion and instability of the Shirud canal during winter floods.

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APA: Copy

HOSSEINZADEH, M.M., Shirud Isa, N., & ESMAILI, R.. (2018). Undesirable effects of sand and gravel mining on river system, Case study: Shirud River Tonekabon (Mazandaran Province). RESEARCHES IN EARTH SCIENCES, 9(34 ), 0-0. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/366864/en

Vancouver: Copy

HOSSEINZADEH M.M., Shirud Isa N., ESMAILI R.. Undesirable effects of sand and gravel mining on river system, Case study: Shirud River Tonekabon (Mazandaran Province). RESEARCHES IN EARTH SCIENCES[Internet]. 2018;9(34 ):0-0. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/366864/en

IEEE: Copy

M.M. HOSSEINZADEH, N. Shirud Isa, and R. ESMAILI, “Undesirable effects of sand and gravel mining on river system, Case study: Shirud River Tonekabon (Mazandaran Province),” RESEARCHES IN EARTH SCIENCES, vol. 9, no. 34 , pp. 0–0, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/366864/en

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