A Study of the Views of Three Muslim Philosophers on the Four-Fold Virtues: Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā jah Naṣ ī r al-Dī n Ṭ ū sī , and Ḥ akī m J‘ afar Kashfī

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SADEGHI MASOUD; JALALI AMIR

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Journal: HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY Year:2019 | Volume:10 | Issue:1 Page(s): 153-167

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Title

A Study of the Views of Three Muslim Philosophers on the Four-Fold Virtues: Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā jah Naṣ ī r al-Dī n Ṭ ū sī , and Ḥ akī m J‘ afar Kashfī

Author(s)

SADEGHI MASOUD | JALALI AMIR | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

WisdomQ2

braveryQ1

pietyQ1

justiceQ2

Ibn MiskawayhQ2

KhwāQ2

jah NaṣQ2

īQ2

r al-DīQ2

n ṬQ2

ūQ2

sīQ2

ḤQ2

akīQ2

m J‘Q2

afar KashfīQ2

Abstract

Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā; jah Naṣ; ī; r al-Dī; n Ṭ; ū; sī; , and Ḥ; akī; m J‘; afar Kashfī; share relatively similar views on the soul and believe in Aristotle’ s middle term. Moreover, all of them consider the four-fold virtues of Wisdom, bravery, piety, and justice to be the most original moral virtues; however, they also have some disagreements with each other. This paper, while trying to accurately explain the similarities between them, aims to carefully investigate the differences among them regarding the mentioned virtues. Accordingly, after dividing the virtues into primary and secondary ones, the authors analyze and compare the lists and definitions of secondary virtues in the view of each of these philosophers with those of others. The findings of this study demonstrate that the greatest similarities between the views of Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā; jah Naṣ; ī; r al-Dī; n Ṭ; ū; sī; , and Ḥ; akī; m J‘; afar Kashfī; pertain to the virtue of Wisdom and its related virtues. However, there are some relatively noteworthy differences among them regarding bravery, piety, and justice. For example, regarding piety, there is some disagreement between the views of Ibn Miskawayh and Ṭ ū; sī; ; nevertheless, Ḥ; akī; m Kashfī; provides a different list of secondary virtues in comparison to the other two philosophers and oftentimes discusses piety in unity with economic and sexual self-discipline. The list and definitions of secondary virtues in relation to justice are completely similar to each other in the views of Khwā; jah Naṣ; ī; r al-Dī; n Ṭ; ū; sī; and Kashfī; ; however, Ibn Miskawayh’ s list of justice-related secondary virtues contains 13 items more than those of the other two philosophers.

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APA: Copy

SADEGHI, MASOUD, & JALALI, AMIR. (2019). A Study of the Views of Three Muslim Philosophers on the Four-Fold Virtues: Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā jah Naṣ ī r al-Dī n Ṭ ū sī , and Ḥ akī m J‘ afar Kashfī. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, 10(1 ), 153-167. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/377390/en

Vancouver: Copy

SADEGHI MASOUD, JALALI AMIR. A Study of the Views of Three Muslim Philosophers on the Four-Fold Virtues: Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā jah Naṣ ī r al-Dī n Ṭ ū sī , and Ḥ akī m J‘ afar Kashfī. HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY[Internet]. 2019;10(1 ):153-167. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/377390/en

IEEE: Copy

MASOUD SADEGHI, and AMIR JALALI, “A Study of the Views of Three Muslim Philosophers on the Four-Fold Virtues: Ibn Miskawayh, Khwā jah Naṣ ī r al-Dī n Ṭ ū sī , and Ḥ akī m J‘ afar Kashfī,” HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY, vol. 10, no. 1 , pp. 153–167, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/377390/en

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