The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Green GDP in Iran Gravitational Search and Firefly Algorithms

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pourfereidooni nahid; akbarifard hosein; Ghaseminezhad Amin

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Journal: Journal of Program & Development Research Year:2019 | Volume:1 | Issue:1 Page(s): 177-205

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Information Journal Paper

Title

The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Green GDP in Iran Gravitational Search and Firefly Algorithms

Author(s)

pourfereidooni nahid | akbarifard hosein | Ghaseminezhad Amin | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

GDP

GREEN

TRADE LIBERALIZATION

GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM

FIREFLY ALGORITHM

Abstract

Gross domestic product (GDP) is one of the main macroeconomic variables, But it only covers market value of final goods and services produced in the economy and it does not include negative environmental impacts. On the other hand as a result of TRADE LIBERALIZATION, economic activity develops and use of resources and energy inappropriately increases. So, it is demonstrated theoretically that GDP is not a good criterion for measuring the economic wellbeing. Consistently, some measures for calculating national income such as “ GREEN GDP” has been proposed in order to overcome such defects. In this study, GRAVITATIONAL SEARCH ALGORITHM and FIREFLY ALGORITHM are used to evaluate the impact of TRADE LIBERALIZATION on GREEN GDP in Iran during 1961-2015. The results show that TRADE LIBERALIZATION affects positively and significantly GREEN GDP. Thus, it can be regarded as a pollution-reducing variable. As a result, an increase in the Iran’ s trade relations will lead to improve environmental quality.

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APA: Copy

pourfereidooni, nahid, akbarifard, hosein, & Ghaseminezhad, Amin. (2019). The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Green GDP in Iran Gravitational Search and Firefly Algorithms. JOURNAL OF PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, 1(1 ), 177-205. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/406295/en

Vancouver: Copy

pourfereidooni nahid, akbarifard hosein, Ghaseminezhad Amin. The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Green GDP in Iran Gravitational Search and Firefly Algorithms. JOURNAL OF PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH[Internet]. 2019;1(1 ):177-205. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/406295/en

IEEE: Copy

nahid pourfereidooni, hosein akbarifard, and Amin Ghaseminezhad, “The Effect of Trade Liberalization on the Growth of Green GDP in Iran Gravitational Search and Firefly Algorithms,” JOURNAL OF PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH, vol. 1, no. 1 , pp. 177–205, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/406295/en

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