EXPLAINING RURAL WOMENS' PARTICIPATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON ARNSTEIN'S LADDER OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODEL

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ZARAFSHANI K.; KHALEDI KH.; GHANIAN M.

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Woman in Development and Politics Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:3 (26) Page(s): 107-127

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Title

EXPLAINING RURAL WOMENS' PARTICIPATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON ARNSTEIN'S LADDER OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODEL

Author(s)

ZARAFSHANI K. | KHALEDI KH. | GHANIAN M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

RURAL DEVELOPMENT

LADDER OF PARTICIPATION

PARTICIPATION

RURAL WOMEN

Abstract

Over the past decades, participatory approaches to development have been the center of attention not only as a means to sustainable development but also as an end. Although women's role in RURAL DEVELOPMENT is emphasized, their PARTICIPATION in extension educational programs is nevertheless limited. Using Sherry Aronstein theoretical framework, the descriptive-survey research aims to determine the level of PARTICIPATION among RURAL WOMEN. Considering Krejcie and Morgan (1980) table of sample size, multistage random sampling is used to select 120 RURAL WOMEN. The results follow Sherry Arnstein's ladder from bottom to top sequentially as manipulation, therapy, informing, consultation, placation, partnership, delegated power, and citizen control. Findings reveal that RURAL WOMEN are more on manipulation level (non-participation) and less on placation level (tokenism). Results also show that there is a significant difference between women's PARTICIPATION and educational level as well as marital status. Finally, recommendations are provided to enhance RURAL WOMEN's PARTICIPATION in extension education programs.

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APA: Copy

ZARAFSHANI, K., KHALEDI, KH., & GHANIAN, M.. (2009). EXPLAINING RURAL WOMENS' PARTICIPATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON ARNSTEIN'S LADDER OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODEL. WOMAN IN DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICS (WOMEN'S RESEARCH), 7(3 (26)), 107-127. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/554308/en

Vancouver: Copy

ZARAFSHANI K., KHALEDI KH., GHANIAN M.. EXPLAINING RURAL WOMENS' PARTICIPATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON ARNSTEIN'S LADDER OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODEL. WOMAN IN DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICS (WOMEN'S RESEARCH)[Internet]. 2009;7(3 (26)):107-127. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/554308/en

IEEE: Copy

K. ZARAFSHANI, KH. KHALEDI, and M. GHANIAN, “EXPLAINING RURAL WOMENS' PARTICIPATION IN EXTENSION EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON ARNSTEIN'S LADDER OF CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MODEL,” WOMAN IN DEVELOPMENT AND POLITICS (WOMEN'S RESEARCH), vol. 7, no. 3 (26), pp. 107–127, 2009, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/554308/en

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