A Comparative Analysis of “ Rotterdam Rules” (2009) Innovations in Carriage of Goods by Sea in Comparison With “ Hague Rules” (1924) and “ Hamburg Rules” (1978)

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AHMADI AFSHIN; Tghizaadeh Ebrahim

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Journal: Iranian Journal of Trade Studies Year:2019 | Volume:23 | Issue:90 Page(s): 169-193

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Title

A Comparative Analysis of “ Rotterdam Rules” (2009) Innovations in Carriage of Goods by Sea in Comparison With “ Hague Rules” (1924) and “ Hamburg Rules” (1978)

Author(s)

AHMADI AFSHIN | Tghizaadeh Ebrahim | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Rotterdam Convention (Rules)Q1

Volume ContractsQ1

Door to Door CarriagQ1

Electronic Transport RecordQ1

Joint and Several LiabilityQ1

Abstract

On December 11, 2008, the United Nations adopted the “ Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea” , more colloquially known as the “ Rotterdam Rules” for the city which hosted the convention’ s signing ceremony on September 23, 2009. Definitely, one of the advantages of Rotterdam Rules in comparison with the former rules is providing new innovation with new requirements of industry and commerce. Rotterdam Rules also by adopting the “ Door to Door” mode for carriage of goods, promoting the Electronic Transport Record, embedding the “ Volume Contracts” and providing “ Joint and Several Liability” between carriers and performing parties have opened new horizons in the carriage of goods by sea. Rotterdam Rules in spite of avoiding the excesses of “ Hamburg Rules” retained its strength points and has tried to eliminate the defects of “ Hague Rules” . Therefore, it can be said that this convention has caused a balanced approach among the benefits of shippers and carriers for providing the general fortuity.

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