Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016

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ABDI DANESHPOUR ZOHREH; SHAFIEE AMIR

Title

Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016

Author(s)

ABDI DANESHPOUR ZOHREH | SHAFIEE AMIR | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Housing inequalityQ1

Residential systemQ1

Housing structureQ2

Spatial inequalityQ1

Urban planningQ1

Housing pricesQ1

TehranQ1

Abstract

Introduction To study and analyze the housing access of a community, as a basic human need, in the process of Urban planning and policy-making is a critical endeavour. Housing is not entirely a separable and sectoral area of decision-making as it affects and is affected by the social and political aspects and relations of societies, and hence is considered as a socio-political issue and part of social services besides being a matter of public policy-making and planning. In this regard, the state intervention in planning and policy-making, supply, support and management of housing is one of the necessities of public administration. Access to housing in a society is a widely held goal that its achievement could be challenged by disregarding the social status of housing and the lack of systematic approach in housing policy-making and planning processes. This would result in spatial (i. e., multi-dimensional, including economic, social, physical and organisational dimensions) inequality. Tehran, the capital of Iran that has densely contained various social, economic and political activities, is a complex urban system, which its complexity makes it more vulnerable when confronting deficiencies in policymaking, especially in regards to its having an incomplete and unsystematic planning approach. Due to the intense, accelerated, unplanned and migration-based growth of Tehran and its surrounding environment, the severe inequality is more evident compared to the other cities of Iran. Such inequality has resulted in the growth of informal urban-peripheral settlements. Furthermore, it has contributed to the formation of such problems as the degradation of the natural environment, land and housing speculation and the degradation of housing quality. The existence and continuity of such a problematic situation has affected negatively the access of significant part of the population residing in Tehran to housing. The purpose of this paper is to study the extent and condition of Spatial inequality in the Housing structure of Tehran and to study its variance amongst the 22 urban districts of Tehran. This is to response to the two underlying questions of this paper, i. e., “ based on the price of housing, what is the status of the duality of spatial equality-inequality in the Housing structure of Tehran” , and “ how the trends regarding the availability of housing to all socio-economic groups of population, has changed over time? ” Thus is that, this paper has studied the dispersion of Spatial inequality in the housing system of Tehran and its transformation over a 26-year period of 1991 to 2016. Method and Material To achieve the set purpose of this paper, a dual descriptive-analytical methodology was designed and subsequently applied in the first path. The first path--as the basic research of this paper--involves four steps. The first step is to trace and describe both the characteristics of Spatial inequality and the Housing structure of cities in general, as well as tracing the different approaches towards Spatial inequality worldwide. The second step, regarding the indicators of Spatial inequality, presents a description of the urban housing Spatial inequality. The third step concerns the technical framework of this paper, which studies and compares the methods and techniques that used to analyze Spatial inequality, worldwide. In the midst of the studied methods to be utilized in the second path of this paper, a method and a process with two consecutive steps is devised. The first step, has measured the Spatial inequality of the Housing structure of Tehran during a 26-year time period, i. e., from 1991 to 2016. By measuring the Spatial inequality in Tehran, while in the second step, the output of the measurement of Spatial inequality in the Housing structure of the 22 urban districts of Tehran has been discussed by relating it to the output of the theoretical discussion as done on the first path. Overall, the main outcome of this paper is the description and analysis of Spatial inequality in the Housing structure of Tehran. The information and data for the second descriptive-analytical process has been obtained from two sources. The first is the processing of information of the secondary sources and texts related to the subject of this paper. The second source is the quantitative data of the Iran's real-estate information system and the quantitative data generated by the housing office of the Ministry of Roads and Urban planning in Iran. Results and Discussion The analysis of Spatial inequality in the Housing structure of Tehran is based on a main indicator that is the “ housing price” and its variance during the period under study. “ housing price” is considered as an indicator that represents the overall and aggregated values of the objective and subjective value system of housing. This displays that the housing price during the period under study has increased in a way that the Spatial inequality amongst the 22 urban districts of Tehran has amplified in favour of the northern more affluent urban districts while it has disadvantaged the central and southern urban districts of Tehran. An analysis concerning the Housing prices in the scale of parcels in 2013, indicates that not only there is vast gap between the northern and southern segments of the city, but also the wealth is aggregated in a limited areas in the northern parts. Such a trend in the distribution of wealth in Tehran, is an indication that the severe increase in Housing prices has instigated the population living in the vast inner areas of Tehran to bear and tolerate the unavoidable results of political decisions and policies ignoring the urgency of dealing more passionately and powerfully the problems of inequality and the unequal situation, extenuated by the socio-economic inequalities which has created such a Spatial inequality. Conclusions This paper grasps a tripartite conclusion. First conclusion is that as an output of literature review, it is noted that housing must be considered as a social right in policy-making and that planning systems must confront the Housing inequality in the spatial structure of cities such as Tehran. Second conclusion is that as a methodological output, Housing prices could be considered as a suitable indicator that represents the overall and total values of the objective and subjective value system of housing in such as Tehran. The third conclusion is that as the results of this paper indicates Tehran suffers from a great spatial problem that is the serious inequality in its residential structure. Due to the massive growth of the price of housing over the studied period, Spatial inequality has experienced an increasing trend during the 25 year period under study, which rests within the domain of market mechanism in Tehran and absence of any controlling system of metropolitan planning and policy making. Such inadequacies has led to the accentuation of the capitalist aspects of housing, itself exacerbating inequality among different socio-economic groups of the society and amongst the owners and non-owners of housing. It means that the sectoral, partial, disintegrated and aspatial (as against spatial) policy-making methods applied by the policy makers both at the national and local scales, were inadequate and inappropriate to meet the needs and rights to housing for the people of this metropolis.

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APA: Copy

ABDI DANESHPOUR, ZOHREH, & SHAFIEE, AMIR. (2018). Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016. GEOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT, 16(52 ), 267-292. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/77318/en

Vancouver: Copy

ABDI DANESHPOUR ZOHREH, SHAFIEE AMIR. Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016. GEOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT[Internet]. 2018;16(52 ):267-292. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/77318/en

IEEE: Copy

ZOHREH ABDI DANESHPOUR, and AMIR SHAFIEE, “Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016,” GEOGRAPHY AND DEVELOPMENT, vol. 16, no. 52 , pp. 267–292, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/77318/en

Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

Analysing Spatial Inequality in Tehran’ s Housing System, Via Changing Prices During 1992-2016