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Information Journal Paper

Title

Equative construction in Turkic Azarbaijani

Pages

  149-171

Keywords

Not Registered.

Abstract

 INTRODUCTION Equative constructions have not been desirably studied due to their formal and semantic similarity to similitive constructions. Haspelmath (2017) proposed the six basic types of equative constructions in distinct patterns based on typological studies. On the basis of these six patterns, there are also three cross-linguistic generalizations. In the present study, by examining the equative constructions of the (Turkic) Azarbaijani language, we conclude that five types of six types of these basic constructions can be found in the (Turkic) Azarbaijani language. Regarding the generalizations mentioned above, all generalizations are valid in (Turkic) Azarbaijani. It should be noted that the data of the present research are based on the corpus of the ordinary speech of the native speakers and the intuition of one of the writers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we have used a descriptive-analytical method to examine the data. The data of the present research are based on the corpus of the ordinary speech of the 10 native speakers and the intuition of one of the writers. This research mainly analyzes data from direct elicitation and does not include data from written text. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Equative constructions express situations in which “ two referents have a gradable property to the same degree" (Haspelmath, 2016, p. 9). Equative constructions vary widely in different languages, but the six main types are distinguished by Hespelmat (2016). Each of these types is characterized by the following five components: (1) 1 2 3 4 5 Compare degree-marker parameter standard-marker standard Kim is [as tall] [as Pat]. Type 1: Only equative standard-marker: In this type of equative construction, there is a comparee, standard and standard marker, and there is no degree marker, and also the parameter generally plays the role of a predicate. (2) Sanin taĉ in xoš gel di. "Taĉ in" has appeared as a standard marker and is mostly used to compare similarities in human traits, and as it is obvious, this standard marker has appeared as a post-addition (after the standard marker). The comparee is used as a pronoun. (3) Maryam mehrnaz ĉ imi gozal di. "ĉ imi" is standard marker that is placed in postposition of standard (after the standard) and is used to express the similarity of traits between humans and other living things. Type 2: Equative degree-marker and standard-marker: In this type of construction, in addition to the three main components (comparee, standard, parameter), there are also a degree marker and a standard marker. In Azerbaijani, as far as the authors have studied, there is no structure in which it is possible to show both the standard marker and the degree marker based on type 2. Type 3: Equative degree-marker unified: In this type of construction, there are predicate parameter, degree marker (meaning the same degree) and [comparee + standard] exists as a unified unit, but there is no standard marker. In examples (4-5), "ham" and "bir" indicate degree marker. (4) Nɑ sirinan mahdya ham qiɑ fa dilar. (5) Husseinan Ɂ ahmad bir Ɂ andɑ zada dilar Type 4: Primary reach equative: In this type, the predicate is a verb means to reach / unite. In the Azerbaijani (Turkish) language, as shown in Examples (6-8), the verbs tʃ atmaz, jetiš masan, tʃ akib are used to mean to arrive, go or unite: (6) Hiš kim safihlida Behruza tʃ atmaz (7) San zirahlixda maʤ ida jetiš masan (8) Sanda tanbalihdan bɑ ʤ uɁ ɑ tʃ akib san. Type 5: Primary reach equative unified In this type of construction, [comparee and standard] appear as a unified unit in role of subject, there is a verb to reach / unite and a parameter (usually in a dative case). (9) Rɑ mininan Bahram chohlexdɑ barɑ bar dilar. (10) Bizim mɑ š ininan sizin mɑ š ini sü rɁ atda bir dilar. Type 6: Secondary reach equative In this type of construction, there is a parameter as the first predicate and a verb (to reach united) as a second predicate. In examples (11-13), being good, being tall, and being stingy, respectively, are used as the predicate parameters, and the verb "tʃ akib" is used as the second verb, which implicitly means to unite / achieve. (11) Amir gö zal di xɑ lasina tʃ akib (12) Mohammad uzü n di Aliya tʃ akib (13) Hasan xasi di Ɂ isya tʃ akib CONCLUSION In the present study, by examining the equative constructions of the (Turkic) Azarbaijani language, we conclude among six types of these basic constructions, five can be found in the (Turkic) Azarbaijani language. The authors also provide the seventh pattern of the aforementioned constructions by examining other ways of expressing equative constructions in (Turkic) Azarbaijani. Regarding the generalizations mentioned above, all generalizations are valid in(Turkic) Azarbaijani.

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    APA: Copy

    NAJAFI, PARISA, RAHIMIAN, JALAL, & Rezaei, Mahdye. (2022). Equative construction in Turkic Azarbaijani. JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI, 14(42 ), 149-171. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/957681/en

    Vancouver: Copy

    NAJAFI PARISA, RAHIMIAN JALAL, Rezaei Mahdye. Equative construction in Turkic Azarbaijani. JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI[Internet]. 2022;14(42 ):149-171. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/957681/en

    IEEE: Copy

    PARISA NAJAFI, JALAL RAHIMIAN, and Mahdye Rezaei, “Equative construction in Turkic Azarbaijani,” JOURNAL OF ZABANPAZHUHI, vol. 14, no. 42 , pp. 149–171, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/957681/en

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