The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan

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OMIDVAR KAMAL; Rajabi Mourkani Safoura; FATEMI MEHRAN

Title

The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan

Author(s)

OMIDVAR KAMAL | Rajabi Mourkani Safoura | FATEMI MEHRAN

Keywords

Rice

Agroclimatology

Temperature

Precipitation

Lenjan

Abstract

Introduction: Today, agroclimatology is one of the major trends in hydrology and meteorology, which has a crucial role in meeting the food requirements of different communities. The production of agricultural products is strongly correlated with precipitation and agreeable weather conditions each year. Many crops are traditionally grown in areas with harsh climatic conditions, which results in low yields and the lack of optimal exploitation of climatic capacities for production. One basic way to develop and promote agricultural activities in the country is to cultivate lands according to the ecological conditions. A perquisite of such development is to recognize the wide range of associated factors, including climatic and land factors. Rice cultivation, as an ecological and economic phenomenon as well as a behavioral pattern originating from human-environment interaction, is at the mercy of environmental conditions, especially climate, water and soil resources, and natural factors play a pivotal role in providing favorable conditions for rice cultivation. Identifying suitable areas for growing crops and favorable climatic and topographic conditions can improve crop production. Lenjan County, located in a semi-arid region, has severe daily, seasonal and annual temperature fluctuations, which have caused detriments to various activities, especially the agriculture in this county. The Zayandehrud River running through the area has laid the ground for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. Given the huge agricultural and horticultural potentials of this county, further analysis and planning are required. In this research, attempts have been made to investigate the agroclimatology of Lenjan County for rice cultivation. Methodology: Lenjan County is located 35 km southwest of Isfahan in the Zayandehrud valley. The meteorological stations studied here include Isfahan, Lenjan, Daran, Natanz and Najafabad. The data were obtained from the Meteorological Organization and the General Directorate of Agricultural Jihad in Isfahan and Charmahal Bakhtiari provinces. In this study, the daily and monthly meteorological data related to the parameters of temperature, precipitation and relative humidity were derived from these stations over a 15-year period (1996-2012). Then, the correlation between the climatic elements and the rice yield in selected stations was calculated. Finally, after the preparation of climatic maps, the altitude and slope levels were drawn using the Kriging method. Also, in the GIS, the final zoning map of the areas suitable/unsuitable for rice cultivation was drawn according to the corresponding elements. Results and discussion: The parameters and indices of rice agroclimatology in the west of Isfahan Province which are of paramount importance in the growth season and different stages of rice growth were studied and analyzed. The growth degree day of the rice for the whole growth period is a 1500-degree day. Hence, in light of the values obtained from the active temperatures, it was observed that all the stations were effective in terms of growth day degree and had favorable conditions concerning the active growth day degree. The minimum critical temperature of rice was-1° C, and, in none of the stations, the mean temperature during the growth period was lower than 0° C. The maximum number of days this temperature was below 10° C during the statistical period was reported at Najafabad station, but this temperature was never recorded at Isfahan station. All the stations experience weak frosts until the end of April, which, in high-elevation, lasts until the last ten days of May. Mild frost is also reported only at stations with elevations above 2000 meters in April. Severe frosts are recorded only at very high stations (altitude above 2250 m) in the first half of April. The minimum water consumption of rice from cultivation to maturity is not sufficient in any of the stations studied. Hence, all the stations must be irrigated throughout the growth season (from planting to maturity). The germination date is May 10 at Daran and Lenjan stations, June 5-10 at Isfahan station, and June 20 at Najafabad and Natanz stations. The tilling date is also from July 5 to 15 at Lenjan and Daran stations, from July 24 to 15 at Isfahan, and from August 10-20 at Najafabad and Natanz stations. This period lasts for 20 days at Lenjan station. The growth period of rice at Lenjan station is 22 days. The flowering date is from August 20 to September 10 at Lenjan and Daran stations, from September 1 to 15 at Isfahan station, and from September 25 to October 5 at Najafabad stations. At Lenjan station, the flowering period lasted for 30 days. The ripening of rice grains is from October 5 to 20 at Lenjan and Daran stations, from September 28 to October 15 at Isfahan, and from October 21 to November 7 at Najafabad and Natanz stations. The length of the ripening period at Lenjan station is 15 days. Finally, after designing climate maps, altitudes and slopes were drawn by GIS and the final map of the areas suitable for rice cultivation was designed according to the corresponding elements. The best areas were mostly located in the central and eastern parts, which overlapped with the plains. Moreover, an area of 294 square kilometers covered the stretches that were not suitable for rice growth, particularly the highlands of the west and north of the map, where the rainfall is lower than in other areas. These expanses are primarily located in the highlands and the vicinity of the highlands consisting of rocky and sloping lands. Infertile expanses, covering an area of 45 square kilometers, include mountains and areas devoid of agricultural soil. Conclusion: The results of this study show that, in the west of Isfahan Province, there is a fertile area of 492 square kilometers, which lies in the central areas and alluvial plains. Lenjan County is located in this area, where the late frost in spring and the early autumn cause the minimum damage. The initial growth of roots and stems and the rise of clusters are fairly quick, but adequate water is not supplied by rainfall. The fertile zones cover the major bulk of the map, which is an area of about 738 square kilometers.

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APA: Copy

OMIDVAR, KAMAL, Rajabi Mourkani, Safoura, & FATEMI, MEHRAN. (2022). The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan. JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH ON DESERT AREAS, 9(2 ), 67-83. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/981620/en

Vancouver: Copy

OMIDVAR KAMAL, Rajabi Mourkani Safoura, FATEMI MEHRAN. The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan. JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH ON DESERT AREAS[Internet]. 2022;9(2 ):67-83. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/981620/en

IEEE: Copy

KAMAL OMIDVAR, Safoura Rajabi Mourkani, and MEHRAN FATEMI, “The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan,” JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH ON DESERT AREAS, vol. 9, no. 2 , pp. 67–83, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/981620/en

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Scientific Information Database

ISSN: 2588-4824

Journal Paper

The Study of Rice Agroclimatology in Lenjan