رمان آینه های دردار اثر هوشنگ گلشیری یکی از آثار ادبیات معاصر فارسی است که عناصر فرهنگی بسیاری در خود جای دارد. این رمان در سال 2004 م به قلم سلیم عبدالأمیر حمدان با نام «مرایا الذات» به عربی ترجمه شد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی انتقال عناصر فرهنگی این رمان از فارسی به عربی بر پایه الگوی ولادیمیر ایویر (1987) و راهبردهای ترجمه این گونه واژه ها و عبارتها و نیز بررسی میزان بسامد هر یک از راهبردها و میزان موفقیت مترجم است. روش پژوهش، توصیفی-تحلیلی است، برای این کار از طبقه­بندی پنج­گانۀ نیومارک (1988) و نیز نمونه کار هاشمی و غضنفری مقدم (1393) در تکمیل طبقه­بندی آن بهره بردیم. یافته های پژوهش بیانگر آن است که در این رمان، مؤلفه اصطلاحات با 95 مورد، پربسامدترین و مؤلفه های لعن و نفرین، دشنام و ناسزا با هیچ مورد کم بسامدترین است. نیز نتایج آماری راهکارهای ترجمه عناصر فرهنگی این رمان نشان می­دهد که جایگزینی با بسامد 50 و 57% و وام گیری با 20 و % 23 بیشترین راهکار به کاررفته مترجم است و این نشان از آن دارد که حمدان از روش تلفیقی وام گیری به همراه تعریف بهره نبرده و عبارتها را برای خواننده در درون متن یا پاورقی تعریف نکرده است، ولی نکته مثبت ترجمه او کاربرد اندک ترجمه تحت اللفظی و حذف و به کارنبردن مؤلفه افزوده سازی است.

This paper is an attempt to shed light on questions such as culture, translation and the strategies used for translating culture -specific items (CSIs). Examples of culture-specific items are presented following which the strategies and processes developed and employed in order to produce an acceptable translation in the target language of CSIs found in the source language texts will be discussed. The paper concludes presenting instances of extreme adjustment and adaptation of CSIs found in the western literature as were translated by Iranian translators during Qajar Era in late 19thcentury and early 20thc century.

انواع ترجمهترجمه نوشتارنوشتار مبدأ1186 / 5000نتایج ترجمهThe purpose of this study is to study domestic violence against rural women using contextual theory. This research has been done qualitatively with the data theory theory approach. The study population was married women in Ziodar villages of Poldakhtar city. The sampling method was "targeted and theoretical sampling". The data collection tool was "in-depth interview", which resulted in theoretical saturation after interviewing 17 of these women. In order to analyze the data, the "Strauss and Corbin" approach was used and based on it, three steps of open, axial and selective coding were used to analyze the data. Findings show that the central phenomenon of this study is "family disorganization". The causal conditions governing this phenomenon include three categories: "lack of sense of economic security, beliefs and traditional stereotypes and lack of access to resources." The prevailing contexts are "aggressive attitudes, limited goodness, learning violence and distrust." The intervening conditions on the central phenomenon are three categories: "the influence of modern mass media, the weakness of life skills, and the formal and contentual conflict of the family." The strategies are "hiding violence, surrendering and accepting violence, psychological confrontation", as a result of which we see consequences such as "disintegration of family structure, psychological-motivational crisis and empowerment of women" in the study society.

Today neither linguists nor specialists in comparative literature are not unaware of the importance of researches in translation studies. The role played by a literary translation in the target culture is no longer considered less important than that of the original in the source culture, hence the importance of a microstructural translatology aimed at the purely linguistic issues of translation, and more particularly those of literary masterpieces. In this work we try to analyze the semantic and translational issues of metaphor and metonymy in the “ Divan” of Hafiz translated into French by Charles-Henri de Fouché cour. This translation is made from the version of the Divan corrected by Parviz Natel-Khanlari. In this article we have studied the semantic dimension of the translation of figures of speech. After having analyzed a large part of the Divan's metonymies and metaphors, we have chosen about fifty to present them in detail in this study. By adopting an approach derived from Lexicosemantics, the latter have been subjected to translational analyzes according to the theories of Antoine Berman. The results of this research demonstrate that we cannot expect an exhaustive transmission of these figures of speech in the translation of the Divan, as far as the figurative and their own meanings are concerned, except in very few cases. In most cases, it is the literal meaning of the figures that is translated to the detriment of the figurative meaning. The translator remedies this breach by means of detailed comments which escape the textual framework of the poems.

The present article focuses on how to research the relationship between translation and at least one other variable, where translation is considered and discussed as either a dependent or an independent variable. One of the causes of the multiplicity of researches on translation is perhaps the fact that this variable is, by nature, subjective, or non-standard, which itself gives rise to many questions.The article attempts to examine the area of research in translation and its place within applied linguistics.