Background: Medical journal editors have impressible role in the publishing process. In the present study we have surveyed the attitudes and knowledge of Iranian medical journal editors towards standards of published medical research. Materials and methods: 51 editors of registered journals were invited, where 27 have taken part. A self-directed questionnaire according to the Vancouver group guidelines was distributed. It was composed of 28 questions in the form of 9 groups, including peer review, conflicts of interest, authorship, scientific fraud, duplicate publication, mass media, advertising, competing manuscripts based on the same study, internet. Then, editors' knowledge of Vancouver group guidelines was measured through (- 44) to (+ 44).Results: 23 editors and 4 executive managers with mean age of 47.3±8.7 yrs had entered. More than half of them had Ph.D. degree and most of the journals have taking advantage of peer review systems, usually 2-3 peers. Articles were approved by the majority of the peers in 92.6% of the cases, however, 52% of the journals have employed statistical peer review. Most of the editors have believed that writing the primary manuscript and designing the method of study are the principles of authorship, even though, most of them have considered these according to the Vancouver group guidelines. 7(25.9%) journals had no advertising. 12 journals have been presenting in Internet, where, 81.5% of the editors asserted the benefits of having Internet sites for journals. Mean of knowledge score was 6.5±7.5. where. 33.3% had score of 0, 44.4% and 22.2% had moderate and good scores, respectively.Conclusion: Results have revealed the importance of peer review process, but the editors' policies should be more clarified. Editors were more or less agreed with the Vancouver group guidelines. Other studies could be helpful in promoting editors' attitude and practice.

The paper highlights the life and works of a versatile man of letters of the Qajar period, called Mirzā Es.hāq Šams-ol-Mā'alī, originally of Neyrīz, in Fārs province, who was an excellent calligrapher, a bilingual poet (Persian and Arabic), a master of mathematics and astronomy and an expert in Islamic lore, and yet he remains relatively unknown, most of his writings unpublished. He was born in the town of Neyrīz early in the 13th century A.H./late in the 18th century, in a family of celebrated calligraphers, He spent his childhood in his native town and then moved to Shiraz to continue his education. As he began to compose poetry, he chose "Šams-ol-Mā'alī" as his nom de plume, and even though he used a different pen-name, "anjoman", later in life, his original pen-name stayed with him and became his title.Šams left Shiraz in mid 13th century for a pilgrimage to the shrine of Imam Reza in Mashad. He had a long stopover in Isfahan, where he was introduced to the Governor, Manučehr Khan Gorjī, Mo'tamed-od-Dowleh, and where he met some other literary figures. After his return from Mashad he stayed in Tehran for a while, where he was likewise introduced to the court of Motlammad Shah. Later he returned to Shiraz and for several years was a companion of Prince Tahmāsb Mirza, Mo'ayyed-od-Dowleh, while he was the Governor of Fars province. Some of Sams's best poems have been written, in Persian and Arabic,in praise of this prince.Towards the end of his life, Šams fell into bad times, and we find him complaining of his destitution in a letter that he has written to a would-be benefactor. He died possibly in Šuštar, sometime after 1280/1863 according to one account, and possibly in Tehran around the same date, according to another.His surviving works, all of them in manuscript form, are preserved in the Central Library of Tehran University; these include his poetry, mostly panegyrics, a treatise on astronomy, his literary writings and letters, a work entitled Šīrāzīyyeh in three books, which is a collection Koranic quotations interspersed with his own poetry.

Calorie content of ice cream can be decreased by substitution of it's two main energy sources, fat and sugar. However, reducing sugar and fat content of ice cream may affect its physico-chemical characteristics and subsequently the quality of ice cream. The main objective of this research was to find the optimal replacement ratio of fat and sugar in low calorie ice cream, keeping the quality at acceptable level. Fat and sugar of a reference ice cream with 8% fat and 15% sucrose were replaced with starch gel and glucose syrup in three separate trials. In the first and second trials, glucose syrup and starch gel were replaced separately at the ratios of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% for sucrose and fat. In the third trial, simultaneous replacement of fat and sucrose was carried out at the same ratio of the first two trials. Two levels of stabilizer (0.2 and 0.3%) were used. In all trials, overrun, whipping rate, melting resistance, vicosity, density, pH, total solids and calorie content were determined and the results were analysed as a factorial experiment in completely randomized design with 3 replicates. Sensory properties of samples (taste, aroma, texture and total acceptance) were judged by 10 panelists. Glucose had no effect on physicochemical characteristics regardless the ratio of replacement. Therefore, its effects on sensory properties was only studied in the third trial. However, replacement of fat by starch gel at ratios higher than 50% resulted in a significant increase of viscosity (P<0.05) and a considerable decrease in overrun, total solids, melting resistance and whipping rate. Taste and total acceptance scores were significantly lower than reference ice cream at fat replacement ratios higher than 50%. The results of this research showed that starch gel at the ratios of 50% could be an appropriate cheap substitute for fat with a considerable reduction of calorie while maintaining physico-chemical and sensory properties of ice cream.

Newborn infants as a group get sick much faster and in more alarming ways than any other pediatric group. Prematurity [Low Birth Weight (LBW)] is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and death worldwide and accounts for 60-80% of the total deaths in infants during the first 4 weeks of life. As LBW infants are more likely to have brain damage and more prone to respiratory & liver diseases, LBW is considered as  a biological risk index. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of LBW in Yazd province. In this cross-sectional study where in 5000 liveborn infants were studied, data obtained through a questionnaire was analyzed by means of analytical tests (X2& analysis of variance).Results showed that the total incidence of LBW infants in yazd is 7.97% which includes moderately LBW - 7.14%, very LBW-0.59% & extremely LBW 0.24%.

Background: There are many factors which contribute to the esthetic success of a dental restoration one of which is tooth selection.Aim: This study was designed to look at the relation between tooth and skin color.Materials and Methods: A group of 60 samples were included in this investigation with individuals as Judges. All of the cases and Judges were selected from dental students. The skin and the tooth color were devidedinto3 subgroups.Results: 30.5% of all samples had the subgroup I of tooth color and first subgroup of skin color.4.7%had subgroup 2 of tooth color and second subgroup of skin color. In the subgroup 3, there was no relationship between' tooth color and skin color. This study offers that the subgroup I of tooth color (The lightest colors) can be used in all 3 subgroups of skin color. There are many factors which contribute to the aesthetic success of a dental; restoration and one of the most important factors, is tooth selection. In this research we studied the relation between tooth color and skin color. This study wa completed with 60 samplesan6 Judges. All of them where, dentistry students. The skin and the tooth colors were divided in to 3 subgroups. 30.5% of all samples had the subgroup 1 of tooth color and first subgroup of skin color. 4.7% had subgroup 2 of tooth color and second subgroup of skin color.Conclusion There was no relationship between tooth color and skin color. The lightest colors can also be in all groups of skin color.

Until now, studies on the behavior of reinforced concrete joints have been limited to some experimental studies with variation of a few parameters. Therefore, a comprehensive study is needed to clarify the precise effect of design parameters on the behavior of joints. To reach this purpose, in this paper, 432 reinforced concrete exterior connections were analyzed using finite element method. The variable parameters were as per followings: the longitudinal reinforcement ratios of beam and column (1% and 2% for beam, and 1% and 4% for column), the transverse reinforcement of beam and column (3 ratios), the transverse reinforcement detail of beam and column (9 combinations), and dimension of beam and column. In the current study, the effect and role of each parameter on the ultimate resistance moment, ultimate rotation and performance of connections were studied. Finally, connections were classified in four categories; rigid-full strength, rigid-partial strength, semi rigid-full strength and semi rigid-partial strength.

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are a wide category of congenital diseases that have non Genetically cause in about 20 percent of cases.Environmental and teratogenic factors during pregnancy period have main role in these events. Any information a bout the risk distribution of these factors in community is useful and important for health qualifying.Methods: In a case-control study, 500 neonates suffered from congenital anomalies were compared to 2000 healthy neonates matched to cases. Data was collected via a questionnaire completed by interview to neonates mothers. Drug history, vaginal bleeding, X-ray exposure, any infectious disease or febrile status and exposure to trauma during pregnancy, history of familiar marriage and positive family history for congenital anomalies were collected. Data was documented in some doubtful matter by referring to medical documents. Odd's ratio was estimated for every risk factor.Results: Familial marriage was 40.2 percent in cases and 21.2 percent in control group (OR=2. 5). History of vaginal bleeding positive drug history, any febrile status and positive history of trauma in cases group was 10.6, 24.3, 14.7 and 10 percent, respectively. These events were reported in control group about 3.5, 4.7, 1.9 and 1 percent, respectively. Odd's ratios were estimated 3.2, 6.5, 8.9, 10.1 for these four subjects, respectively. Positive family history was reported in 23.3 percent of cases to comparison to control group 3.9 percent (OR=7.5).Discussion: It seems that congenital anomalies in our community need more attention about their risk factors control. Health education and primary prevention have a major role in this subject.