The purpose of the research was to provide a systematic study and to present a combination of studies in the field of the situation and the role of information and communication technology in the teaching-learning process. The method of this research was qualitative and was carried out in the form of research synthesis. Researchers selected, categorized and analyzed relevant and available research resources from year2000to2016in a systematic manner; in the next step, in the tiny screening stage, 29researches that have intended criteria were selected. Then synthesis of their findings was presented in accordance with the principles of composition, rethinking and rearrangement of data. The findings of this synthesis showed that there are two trends in the relationship between ICT and the teaching and learning processes: A)Facilitating trend; b) Stream making trend. While these two trends overlap in some cases and it is difficult to draw a clear border between them, they have features which they could be separated from each other and their aspects, features and impacts on teaching– learning processes could be studied.