The intensification of credit risk and increasing the volume of non-performing loans of the banking system in recent years creates a potential crisis in the Islamic Republic of Iran’ s riba-free banking system. before the occurrence and realization of social and economic crises in the country it is necessary to provide appropriate solutions of course, in accordance with the native requirements. To achieve this goal, in this research in order to a better understanding the the issue, by a relatively comprehensive review of internal and external resources factors affecting the intensification of credit risk were identified. Then, by using Delphi method according to expert opinions similar factors combined and 15 major factor (8macro or exogenous and7micro or endogenous factors) as the most important factors affecting on the issue were determined. Then based on the experts opinions (the CEOs of the country's banks) by using fuzzy DEMATEL method, internal communication and the importance of these factors determined. Accordingly increase in risk taking acts in banks managemet, features of the usage, intensifying recession, banks structural problems, and weakness in supervision and following bank’ s claims process have the greatest impact and the importance on increase in non-performing loans credit risk in the iran’ s banking system. Also banks structural problems, rising inflation and exchange rate, lack of independence in banks for dealing with loans, weakness in the process of evaluation loan application, intensifying the political and economical risks, and legal problems for prosecution non-performing loans are as affecting factors, and other factors are affected.

The realization of Islamic banking is a desirable goal of the Iranian banking system, which will have a lot of economic and social blessings; this will only be achieved by properly identifying the present and future problems and intelligently deciding to eliminate them. In this regard, the pathology of Qard Al Hasan is one of the priority issues. This research studies the factors affecting the reduction of Qard-al-Hasan's deposits as the main issue of research, evaluation, classification and prioritization will be don. To this end, the research framework has been designed in three main phases, including study and interview and factor analysis. In the first phase, investigating the research in this area, identifying the effective factors and setting the questionnaire is don. In the second phase, in an interview with the experts, these reasons were validated and the main reasons for the decline in the share of deposits were borrowed. In the third phase, the results were analyzed using Cross Impact Analysis and based on the experts' opinion, and thus the proponents, the policy, the risk factors, the indicators and the ineffective factors were segregated. According to research findings, legal vacuum, inflation and low income levels, the reasons for the decline in the share of deposits and the competitiveness of banks to increase the profits of investment deposits and the lack of serious will to extend the loan to the bank managers also Policy factors are related to this issue.

One of the essential requirements for the banking system is receiving timely payments from applicants because the banks to create their own commitment based on the amount and maturity of their claims. Certainly any disruption repayment facility cause an inability to return depositors, discredit and bankruptcy of banks and institutions, increasing prudential reserves, reducing the facility's capacity to grant loans and ultimately reduce banks and institutions efficiency.Banking system use different ways to ensure timely receipt of claims. One important aspect of this method of obtaining commitment is based on the stipulation. Offering the replacement for delay penalty payment in Iranian banking are necessary because of amount of nonpayment Loan and existing deficiencies in this alternative.The article is going ahead with the use of analytical and descriptive with the experiences of other countries and the questions from Figh Scholars to investigate this hypothesis that the strategy aims to increase the interest rate deals in the beginning of the contract and pay the discount while repayment is timely on contract funds is a good alternative for late penalties on late payments as a stipulation.

One of the most important challenges of the banking system is the bank interest rate and how it is determined.In many developing countries, without efficient structures, interest rates are usually set by order, regardless of the market situation, taking into account general economic indicators, including inflation, and with a supportive view towards some economic sectors.In Iran, due to some political and economic considerations, the determination of the interest rate was assigned to the Money and Credit Council by order, so that it can provide the basis for growth or strengthening of production or inflation control at its own discretion.  But in reality, this method, firstly, due to being influenced by the directive policies of various governments, and secondly, the failure to achieve some basic goals of the banking system, cannot be a suitable criterion for determining the optimal interest rate.Determining the interest rate of exchange contracts in Iran's usury-free banking system, inspired by Taylor's rule, can help the country's economic policymakers in achieving the goals specified in the country's monetary and banking law and has stabilizing effects on the country's economy. Therefore, in this research, the system of simultaneous equations and the three-stage least squares method (3sls) was used to model the determination of the policy interest rate and obtain the coefficients of the variables.The results of the research for the period 2018-2019 show that firstly, the monetary authorities' reaction to the production gap and expected inflation is not compatible with Taylor's generalized rule and second, choosing the best methods of setting quantitative goals for Iran's economy in development programs will be meaningless until the regular method for determining the interest rate is implemented.

In recent years, risk and risk management have been very significant in financial and banking literature. In other word, banking system with respect to its characteristics is faced to these risks and managing them is very important. Islamic banking system confronts risks too. These risks can be devided in two kinds: first, the common risks between Islamic and no Islamic banking system. So managing these risks in Islamic banking is important Iran Islamic banking system meets a lot of risks. Some of them can be managed by current methods and some are not. Therefore in this article, in addition to reviewing the studies on risks in Iran Islamic banking and the ways of managing them, some of methods which are consist ant with Islamic principles are offered.

One of the fundamental principles in the financial system for economic development and poverty reduction is financial inclusion, which is in line with the principles of justice and equality in the Islamic financial system. Financial inclusion refers to the accessibility, availability, and usage of the formal financial system by all members of an economy. Therefore, financial inclusion is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that requires effective supervision. Effective supervision not only strengthens the stability of banks but also ensures economic growth and builds trust in the financial system. One way to build trust is through the enactment and enforcement of laws that protect the interests of all stakeholders in a comprehensive economy. Therefore, the aim of this research was to present a model for analyzing the impact of central bank regulatory laws and financial technology on financial inclusion in the interest-free banking system in Iran. This study used a new approach to estimate the financial inclusion index. The research findings indicated that the regulatory laws of the central bank and financial technology are effective in developing financial inclusion. Furthermore, the research findings suggest that the development of financial technology, especially in the banking industry in recent years, has led to the expansion of financial inclusion in Iran, creating fair and equal access to financial products and services for individuals in society, which is the main goal of financial inclusion, and with the expansion of financial inclusion, financial deprivation in society has decreased.

Contractual incompleteness is essentially related to the “, unverifiability”,condition and “, enforceability”,condition. In the complex and uncertain economic environment, financial contract is incomplete. Contractual incompleteness decrease contract effectiveness. We analyze banking contracts with respect to incomplete contract theory. The results show that the banking contracts in Iran are incomplete. Because of high transaction cost, uncertainty, ambiguity, complexity and unenforceable contract, lead not to perfect implementation of commitment. The fact that contracts are incomplete allows for opportunistic behavior of entrepreneur and hold-up bank inside credit contract. Some mechanisms needed for gap filling in incomplete contract. In banking contract this mechanism is designed in relationship banking that help to balanced bargaining power between parties and can reduce problems caused by Contractual incompleteness.

The escalation of credit risk and the increase in the volume of banking system deferred claims in recent years have created a potential crisis in the usury free banking system of Iran. It is necessary to take the necessary actions before the emergence and actualization of social and economic crises in the country, and to come up with solutions tailored to the Iran situation. In order to accomplish this goal, a series of banking system solutions that are used to address the risk factors affecting credit risk escalation are investigated and then completed with proposed solutions. In the following, the required criteria and desirability of a solution in the banking system are explained and all of these strategies are analyzed using a descriptive analytical method based on the appropriate criteria such as validity, legality and deterrence etc. Finally, the management package proposed in order to use in the banking system of the country, which has been approved by the managers of the banks of the country in the light of the above criteria, has been presented for each of the factors of one or several strategies according to the nature of that factor.