The global tourism industry, which has invested in many countries for its profits, can be a substitute for countries exporting raw materials. This industry can have various developmental effects, such as currency earnings, re-distribution of income, job creation and economic prosperity and since it is closely related to other industries such as hoteliers, transportation, travel agencies, craftsmen, and restaurateurs. Today tourism is considered as one of the most important components and development indicators, as most countries make special investments in this sector. Due to its historical and natural status, Iran has a good basis for foreign tourism expansion. Issues that will help government officials and planners to maximize their productivity and profitability from foreign tourism is predicting tourist demand for years to come. In this regard, this paper, using the improved Gray Model GM (1, 1), seeks to provide a good prediction of the future tourist demand for Iran. The privileged feature of the GM's (1, 1) improved gray model is that it can be predicted with a very low number of data and in addition has a very low error. The results of the research show that tourism demand is increasing and by 2022 the demand for foreign tourism will reach 17. 5 million per year. Also, comparing the results of GM (1, 1) model with ARIMA method indicates a lower error of GM (1, 1) model in predicting the number of foreign tourists. Considering the importance of predicting the tourism demand in planning and the characteristics of the GM model (1, 1) it will be useful, carrying out separate researches on the demand of foreign tourists from different countries. Since tourists in different regions have different cultures and desires, separate studies can be useful in more accurate planning.

This study compares the effect of four weeks of specialized badminton training with blood flow obstruction on psychological characteristics and anxiety in skilled badminton players. In this quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design, elite male and female badminton players of East Azerbaijan province were selected and randomly divided into two groups of training with limited blood flow and training without restriction of blood flow and training program three sessions per week (four They did 60 minutes per session per week. Watson and Friend (1969) questionnaires of psychological readiness and social anxiety were examined in the pre-test. The results showed that performing badminton exercises with and without calorie restriction caused a difference in the total score of mental fitness of the subjects (p <0.05) but no difference was observed in the level of anxiety (p <0.05). Blood flow blocking training methods can create a new path in sports training and cause changes in the level of mental fitness of professional athletes.

صنعت گردشگری در دنیای امروز یکی از عرصه هایی که به دلیل زمینه سازی برای پیشرفت و نقش مهمی که در روابط و مناسبات اجتماعی بشر ایفا می کند، مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. از آنجاییکه فقه اسلامی در عرصه های مختلف زندگی انسان ورود کرده و تکلیف مکلفین را مشخص می کند، سؤال پژوهش پیش رو این است که از منظر فقهی در حکومت اسلامی چه موضعی را نسبت به این صنعت باید داشت. نگارنده با پژوهشی میان رشته ای از نوع تحقیقات تحلیلی- اسنادی با روش گردآوری اطلاعات کتابخانه ای در پی بررسی فقهی مواجهه حکومت اسلامی با صنعت گردشگری در پرتو مستندات قرآنی و روایی و دیدگاه های فقها در این زمینه است. بررسی آیات و روایات اسلامی مبین اهمیت دادن دین اسلام به این موضوع مهم است، مهمترین مؤلفه های مطرح شده در این زمینه در قالب قاعده تکریم انسان ها، قاعده فقهی شروط و لاضرر و قرارداد امان رخ می نماید. بنابراین دانش فقه ضمن پذیرش این صنعت، به دلیل اقتضای مصلحت عمومی در زمینه شکوفایی فرهنگی و اقتصادی حکومت اسلامی، به قلمرو اختصاصی آن نزدیک شده و راهکارهایی نیز برای نحوه حضور گردشگران و جهانگردان خارجی برای حفظ کیان دینی و فرهنگی جامعه اسلامی پیشنهاد کرده است. واژگان کلیدی: گردشگری، قاعده امان، تکریم انسان، قاعده شروط، قاعده لاضرر،

The current research was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of climatic capacities on the tourism development of Manjil city with an emphasis on wind flow. This research is based on tourism climate indicators based on data of temperature, wind, precipitation, humidity, cloudiness and water vapor pressure in the time period of 1993-2014 and using density function models of maximum monthly wind speed in the time period of 1993-2016, in a descriptive way and an analysis was done. Climatic data were obtained from Hamdeed Manjil station. Investigating the climatic and wind capacities in setting the urban tourism calendar is considered as the harbinger of research innovation. The results of the research showed that the months of May, June and September are suitable for tourism based on all tourism climate models, which can be used for water sports enthusiasts such as surfing, skiing, kitesurfing and sailing. The months of April, June, August and September are suitable for water-air sports, and the months of March, April and May are suitable for adventure tourism and experiencing very strong storms. The steady wind of Manjil has provided this city with healthy air for more than 310 days of the year, which is important for health tourism. Sefid Rood Valley, Bad Manjil Tunnel, Sefid Rood Dam Lake, and unique olive trees, some of which are the cause and some effects of Bad Manjil, are of interest in terms of ecotourism and geotourism.

As one of the highest earning industries in the world, tourism industry can play an important role in economic growth. In this regard, although cultural indices (i. e. veiling and compulsory coverage, religion and common language) a s factors affecting tourism have been addressed as effective factors on tourism flows, low number of studies have been conducted on impact of cultural indices 1on tourism flows. Therefore, present paper investigated effects of cultural indices and exchange rate regimes on tourism flows among Middle East countries Includes Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Oman, Iraq, israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar, Emarates United of Arabia, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Turkey. In this study method of systematic generalized method of moments was used to investigate effect of cultural characteristics in attracting foreign tourist of Middle East countries over the years 1993-2013. The results show that common religious and language positively influence the tourism flow while veiling and compulsory cover are along with negative and significant impact. Also, colonization, trade, gross domestic product, distance and exchange rate regimes and population provide positive and significant impacts while exchange rate has the negative impact on tourism flow.

Tourism has been gaining fast in prominence in recent years, both in national and international levels and a huge volume of literature has been published (George et al., 2009; Robinson et al. 2011; Conrady and Buck, 2012); Many have focused on the significance of economic aspects of the activity (Oredegbe and Fadeyibi, 2009; Chang, 2007; Azarya, 2004), though others have studied the second home issues (Rahnemaee, 1979; Hall and Muller, 2004; Pitkanen, 2008; Overvag and Berg, 2011). Moreover, studies of tourism development have often been based on the idea of ‘destination’ as a territorially bounded place (Matias et al., 2011; Williams, 2009). This understanding of tourism and place, though less developed, has been challenged with studies emphasizing the relational nature of place and the role of the tourist’s performance in developing and shaping these in the context of production of these spaces. In this context, tourism in different ways is seen as practice in space that involves multiple spatial mobilities, which promotes different kinds of flows and networks being dependent on spatialitities. Research grounded on these theoretical insights has primarily focused on the central role of tourists may in some face with the risk of overemphasizing the dichotomies found in tourism research between hosts and guests, production and consumption and economy and culture (Johannesson, 2005). Some studies have focused on “action-network theory” (Johannesson, 2005), others on un issues (cole and Morgan, 2010), social identities (Burns and Novelli, 2006), environmental impacts (Moll, 1995; Hill and Gale, 2009; Buckley, 2011), potentials and opportunities (Wearing and Neil, 2009) and ethics and culture (Fennell and Malloy, 2007; Moufakhir and Burns, 2012). This article is aiming to investigate the rural settlements of Binalud Area, considering the very aspects, with emphasizing on the second home tourism and its role in flows of capital, in a new approach in context of “structural- functional Dynamics” (saidi (A), 1391/2012). This approach to the issues of tourism emphasizes on this point, that the ultimate goal of rural tourism in nonsense isn’t to transform the rural spheres into semi-urban spaces, but to protect the rural landscapes and their indigenous socio-economic values should be the initial consideration in different ways of encouraging the rural tourism (saidi et al., 1391/2012).

با توجه به اهمیت فرایند خنک کردن و گرم کردن یک جسم جامد، تولید انتروپی در جریان محدود در اطراف یک مانع مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مطالعه، شبیه سازی عددی جریان لایه ای آرام و انتقال حرارت نانو سیال ها با نانو ذرات با شکل های مختلف در نظر گرفته شده است. نانو سیالها مخلوط آب با ناونو ذرات Al2O3 یا نانو لوله های کربن (CNTs) می باشند. معادله های ناویر-استوکس و انرژی به صورت عددی در یک سیستم مختصات متناسب با هندسه جسم، با استفاده از روش حجم کنترل حل می شوند. الگوهای جریان و میدان های دما برای مقادیر مختلف غلظت ذرات به طور دقیق بررسی می شوند. علاوه بر این، اثرات شکل و غلظت نانو ذرات بر انتقال حرارت مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. همچنین، تاثیر نانو سیال ها بر افت فشار و قدرت پمپ بررسی می شود. از سوی دیگر، کمینه کردن تولید انتروپی به عنوان معیار بهینه سازی در نظر گرفته شده است. نتایج نشان می دهد که در بیشتر موارد، نانو سیال ها انتقال حرارت و همچنین افت فشار را افزایش می دهند. همچنین، شکل نانو ذرات مکانیزم انتقال حرارت در نانو سیال ها مهم است. نانو سیال ها با نانو ذرات استوانه ای نسبت به نانو سیال های که دارای نانو ذرات با شکل کروی هستند، انتقال حرارت را بیشتر افزایش می دهند. برای نانو سیال حاوی CNT با غلظت %5/0 انتقال حرارت خیلی بیشتر از توان پمپاژ افزایش یافته است که این نانو سیال را یک انتخاب اقتصادی می سازد.

The aim of this paper is to dynamically analyze the instability of two phase flow in a heated channel, in order to avoid its occurrence. Impact of the pump Is modeled by considering a pressure drop function in terms of mass velocity. The conditions of internal resistance characteristic and how it interacts with the pump characteristic curve, which will cause leadding instability; Has been Investigated. In presence of oscillation, the amplitude of oscillation in this phenomenon is limited. Also, It has been shown that the presence of a surge tank can cause instability of the pressure drop in the system. with considering condition that instability occurs if the slope of the external characteristic curve is smaller than the slope of the internal characteristic curve in the negative slope region of the internal resistance characteristic; Instability control methods have been investigated and analyzed by adding input resistance or by control the supply pressure. Lyapunov method is used in order to linear instability analysis and flow phase portrait is presented in singular points. Also, the solution show that the amplitude and frequency of oscillation depend on the oscillation damping coefficient and with decreasing it the frequency of the oscillation increases.