Although Scott is usually considered a Romantic, an analysis of the sources of his so-called Romanticism reveals it to be superficial: his thought is profoundly influenced by that of the Scottish Enlightenment and by Neoclassical concepts. Many of Scott's novels were written in reaction to the Glorious Revolution and the Act of Union, rather than the French Revolution. The Union influenced Scottish culture throughout the 1700s. One of its results was the development of Scottish Enlightenment historiography which forms the basis of Scott's systematization of history. Scott's plots function as a means of examining various societies in different stages of progress. They also allow the protagonist to learn the worth of prized Neoclassical values such as the supremacy of reason over emotion and the importance of self-restraint and moderation. Scott's mediaevalism and use of exotic locations stems from the Scottish Enlightenment interest in cultural difference. In addition, his narratorial interjections in the narratives are not evidence of a Romantic pre-occupation with the self, but a development of eighteenth century British literary practice.  

Developed countries adapt to the needs of the community, changing their Codes to meet the new conditions governing society. In recent years, England with the enactment of the Act 2002, Scotland with the enactment of Act 2012, attempt to reach the goal of guaranteeing ownership. Ownership guarantees are called measures that legal systems or registries of different countries to prevent financial misuse of immovable property and reassure their real owners by employing some tools to further enhance the system of record keeping that country and ultimately the implementation of the legal and accounting system with the new developments of the world. In Scotland, by establishing a comprehensive register system in 2015, and anticipating methods such as voluntary registration and special privileges in the United States, with the development of connected and transparent systems, and the prediction of some qualified entities to determine ownership and using smart contracts in legal system that made an evolution in the registering of documents and in the UK by developing a similar method to Scotland, they have tried to achieve this goal. Unfortunately, in Iran due to the lack of proper infrastructure, the legislator has not fulfilled the formalities of registering to date, so by modeling our countries there is a need to amend the rules of the feeling It turns out.

The invasion of occupier forces of Russia and England to Iran, shahrivar 1320/ August 1941, disturbed the political _economic situation of Iran. In spite of the declaration of neutrality during the second world war, Iran underwent the disrespect and cruelty just like it's past history. During the mentioned interval Mohammed Ali Foroghi was on the power as the prime minister of Iran; Considering that the neutrality policy of Reza Shah had failed and it is required to cooperate with Allies forces, he made an agreement with these states. The problem of boundary conflicts between Iran and Russia during second Pahlavi period, since 1320, had been considered seriously. In 9 Bahman of that year, the first boundary agreement called " trilateral alliance pact " was signed. According to the 5th chapter of this pact, Russia committed to exit it's forces from Iran on the determined date which were presented in Iran due to the second world war. Using library study method and relying on the validated sources and documents, the present research seeks to answer the question that: to which extent Russia has committed to its o obligations in the 5th chapter of the treaty?

Empire during the Qajar period is the Treaty of Akhal. The agreement was signed between the Iranian Foreign Minister, MirzaSa'eed Khan Mo'tamenol-Mulk and Ivan Zinoviev, the Russianambassador, in Tehran; following the acquisition of Turkestan and the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. This research aims to analyze the results and implications of the treaty of Akhal (1260s) through descriptive-analytical methods, as well as the role of the Britain in concluding this disgraceful contract, which is less frequently mentioned in the historical books. The findings of the study indicate that the treaty will increase the scope of the separation of the northern provinces by the Russians and increase their influence in Iran, an objective representation of which was in the 1907 agreement that divided Iran into three parts of the north and south and the neutral central region, and the role of Britain was also very effective in signing this treaty, because by assignmentIranian Turkmen Sahra from the East of the Caspian Sea to Russia, it would prevent its influence in the southern regions of Iran, which was under British influence.

Nowadays, speaking of a same identity or a homogenous pattern of social identity for all Muslims living in western countries such as Britain or Scotland is so difficult and impossible because Muslims like other minority groups and even like any members of majority groups construct multiple or hyphenated social identities drawing on different factors such as religion, ethnicity and nationality. The importance of each of these factors is different in Muslims’ social identities and therefore their sense of belonging to ethnic, national and/or religious identities vary in strength, nature and meaning. In most studies little attention has been paid to unpack this diversity and heterogeneity. With regard to the necessity of examining the importance of different factors on Muslims’ social identities, this paper, drawing on empirical data and qualitative interviews assesses different meaning and importance of nationality, ethnicity and religion on first generation Muslims’ social identities in Scotland. The findings presented in this paper can contribute to the better and in-depth understanding of different Muslims’ social identities in Scotland and Britain.

In order to assess the presence or absence of fluids under peak metamorphic conditions within the inner aureole of the Etive igneous complex in west Scotland, eight suitable metabasic hornfels samples and one suitable pelitic hornfels were used to calculate water activities using a mineral equilibria. Calculated activities for water are lower than unity in the pelitic sample and extremely low in the metabasic rocks. These low H2O activities due to dilution of water by other fluid species are unlikely, since no mineralogical evidence for the presence of other fluids were found in the studied rocks. As a consequence, the low H2O activities support fluid-absent conditions during the peak metamorphism of the inner aureole rocks. The findings from this study are in good agreement with calculated water activities using water contents of cordierite in the pelitic rocks for the same part of the aureole, suggesting that cordierite in metapelites retained its syn-metamorphic volatiles.

Some issues are of great importance and noticeable in the realm of criminal liability of the legal entities. First, based on which method or methods the responsibility can be attributed to one who lacks the body and spirit? Second, which range of crimes can they commit? For example, are they eligible for crimes such as murder? Third, due to the specific nature of the legal entities and with respect to the objectives of the criminal law, especially consequentialism, what kind of sanctions can be applied to enforce them in a timely manner? Fourth, will the defense of due diligence by the legal entities in the prevention of the crime taken by the members suffice them to avoid from criminal responsibility? This article would compare criminal justice system in Scotland as a pioneer in the adoption of the criminal liability of the legal persons, under the influence of the criminal justice system of England, and the Iranian criminal justice system as a system, which adopted this liability later; and would answer to this kind of questions. Finally, after revealing the Iranian criminal justice system's shortcomings in this regard, solutions would be suggested to resolve them.