In this research, we attempted to study hawzavi Autobiographies published in Persian language and extract the neglected and expressed issues in them. Then we aimed to analyze the main themes, central interests and ideas, as well as the present and absent issues of these constructed accounts of the lives of the hawzavis using thematic analysis method. Finally, a sociological typology of these Autobiographies is presented based on these data. This typology could be considered as another phase in depicting an image of hawza and its actors as well as their evolution and changes in contemporary Iran. Findings show that masters, fathers and paternal ancestors are the common expressed issues in most of these Autobiographies. Transcendental issues and God are clearly more apparent in the older Autobiographies, but they gradually diminish and are depicted in a mediated way, and are finally disappeared in the recent decades. In terms of the presence of women, these Autobiographies are divided into two categories of “ females-expressed” and “ females neglected” and even into two other categories of “ economy-expressed” and “ economy-neglected” . Hence, Hawzavi Autobiographies are categorized into two general types of “ secluded Autobiographies” and “ social Autobiographies” . The presented self in secluded Autobiographies is limited to education, worship and a masculine family setting. In contrast, the presented self in social Autobiographies is depicted in relation with social issues and a wider network of actors and events; a hawzavi self who is not just hawzavi but a social existence that is ‘ also’ hawzavi.

The role of language in the construction of identity is one of the most important modern theoretical debates about identity. Structuralism and poststructuralism emphasize with particular certainty the constructive role of language in the formation of identity. Assuming that language is a powerful tool in constructing identity discourse, the present study examines the two novels of the last girl and girl who escaped from the clutches of ISIS and shows by what linguistic mechanisms the Yazidi women use the genre of "autobiography" as a Strategies are used in the struggle against the discourse of domination, and by offering different counter-discourses, they construct the dominant discourses and global stereotypes in order to eliminate some of the consequences or negative feedback of the aggression and oppression of the Yazidi colonized society. . In this regard, we used Laclau and Moff discourse theory and its methodological tools to analyze research data. The results show that four discourses in conflict and conflict with each other have sought to represent the identity of the Yazidi woman: a) the discourse of the "Kurdish Nationalist Party"; B) the discourse of the "central government of Iraq and the Arabs"; C) the discourse of "ISIS" and d) the discourse of "Yazidi women writers". Yazidi women are struggling with all the identities that the dominant discourses have defined for them, such as slavery, rape, and refugee, and creating new identities for themselves as Yazidi leaders and advocates for the rights of women and Yazidis.

Life Writing has been a most common historical-literary trend in Persian writings in the contemporary period, for the last 150 years. Persian Life Writing as a general genre iconsists of the different writings. All of them contain a realistic account of the life of Iranians. They are all written in two general methods writing the memoir (memory-based) and writing the daily (daily-based). So we have many sub-genres as biography, autobiography, travel writing and personal letter. But their number and variety has increased in recent decades. Life Writing of Memory Includes "Single-emory'', "memoir", "autobiography" and "personal history". the recognition and classification of the first one is the subject of this paper. ''Single-emory" is the only memory that appears in the construction of writing. is the core of all types of memoirs and short cuts of the life, with these characteristics: Show in the moment, compactness, wonder, unity of impact, time and place. ''Single-emory'' Shows a single screen, Unlike the memoirs, Autobiographies, and personal histories that display a collection of personal circumstances, statements, behaviors, and observations. They are the result of collecting Single-memoirs, which mostly there are similarities between them in terms of subject, time and subject. Furthermore, they are often provided through the other person/ persons. These collections are divided into several types in terms of various aspects mentioned in this paper. This article has been written in content analysis method by examining hundreds of Persian Life Writings.

Life writing is the most common historical-literary trend in Persian writings in the contemporary period. The history of these writings in Iran is more than one and a half century and they are still increasing in number and variety. Persian life writing as a general genre consists of the different writings. All of the writings contain a realistic account of the life of Iranians. Life writing includes “ single memoir” , “ memoir” , “ autobiography” and “ personal essays” . The study focused on the “ memoir” . Memoir is a type of personal writing that describes human life in writing, about only the most prominent part of his/her life and experiences. Memoirs are often written by celebrities, politicians, militaries, and those whose jobs are very effective. In memoirs, the order of time and continuity of events are observed, and their success usually has an emotional and personal theme. The similarities between memoirs and Autobiographies are such that even in the West, their distinctions are not properly recognized and observed. While skilled critics and writers note that in an autobiography, the author is the target, in the memoir, the goal is not the author himself, but the event/events of his life. Compared to autobiography, the social role of memoirs is more prominent. So the memoirist intends primarily to depict a specific event, period, group, or class. Hence, most memoir writers have a socio-historical character. This article was written after considering more than 800 lives. A large number of books were found that have common features in terms of structure and subject matter. This article is dedicated to recognizing, introducing and describing the outstanding features of this type with appropriate examples of it.

Group interaction among students at university is a complex series of experiences that, if productive, may result in human resource development.Otherwise, it might hinder and block their open interactions. Among the obstacles are dichotomies between cultures and ethnicities that are somehow isolated, undervalued and underpresented in the larger society. In this qualitative study, a sample of 40 undergraduate students was approached using ethnography method to investigate hidden curriculum with emphasis on: a) their mutual interactions; b) their interactions with academics; and c) the context of interactions. Data were collected through Autobiographies, observations, interviews, note takings, journals, tape recordings, films, and documents analyses. Results showed that students had different experiences during their through interaction with their peers and tutors.

In French:De tout temps, jusqu’à l’avènement de la littérature et la critique contemporaines, les Autobiographies écrites par les femmes ont été exposées aux rejets, marginalisations et dévaluations. Cette dépréciation provient, en grande partie, de la dissemblance qui existe entre les créations autobiographiques féminines et les conventions canoniques du genre, définies par les théoriciens. Les récits autobiographiques féminins donnent à lire un «Moi» «relationnel», décentré et collectif, dessiné dans une écriture fragmentaire et protéiforme.Cette divergence, nous la constatons dans les récits autobiographiques d’Annie Ernaux et de Goli Taraghi, deux figures de littérature contemporaine française et iranienne. Basé sur la démarche théorique de Philipe Lejeune et Georges Gusdorf, le présent article cherche à démontrer, comment et sous quels aspects le parcours autobiographique de deux auteures se distingue du modèle canonique. Serait-il possible d’en dégager une certaine poétique de l’écriture autobiographique au féminin? Ainsi, à la question consistant à savoir, dans quelles mesures les Autobiographies de Taraghi et d’Ernaux divergent du modèle théorisé, présentons-nous, dans cet article une réponse déterminative en disant que leur tentative autobiographique s’en détachent dans la mesure où elles représentent un «Moi» intersubjectif, «transpersonnel» voire collectif au lieu d’un moi cohérent et unifié.   In English:Closing the vast novelistic universe of Rougon-Macquart by a novel which distinguishes from the other twenties by the absence of the temporal images (as they are defined in durandian acceptation of term) and singing in an optimistic atmosphere of idyllic love the birth of a son who is supposed to be the savior of the forthcoming century, may appear, considering the general canons designated by the Naturalism, at the first stage, quite astounding. However, we believe that the genesis of the figure of the “Son”, by which this novel and also the whole series of Rougon-Macquart come to the end, infers the triumph of Zola’s imagination in its ultimate encounter with the philosophical question of the leak of the time.We are supposed to figure out, throughout this paper, the extent and direction of the emergence of some archetypal figures may.

This paper tries to explore the common themes present in the poetry of Abufaras Hamedani, the famous Arab poet, and Masud Sad Salman, the great poet of imprisonment. Spending years in prison, both the poets have experienced sorrow, hardships and hopelessness that is reflected and could be traced in their works. Initially, the researcher discusses imprisonment and Masud Sad Salman then the life and the literary works of the two poets are taken into account and the impact of Arabic literature on Salman poetry is taken into account. The following part of this research deals with the principal motivation of this article that is Autobiographies and complaints and subsequently some of their verses are compared and contrasted. The concluding part examines themes such as praise, pride, and description, and brotherhood within their poetry.

This research studied and analyzed an experience of applying cooperative learning in Iranian higher education. To this aim, a longitude study was done through action research in two academic semesters in one of the universities in educational science discipline. Participants of this research were bachelor students in educational science discipline. Data of this research were gathered by open and close response questionnaires, individual and group interviews, cooperative observation of classes and Autobiographies of the professor. Quantitative data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed by coding and making themes. Integrating quantitative and qualitative analysis revealed two themes in this experience: "process" and "outcome". Process itself composed of subthemes named "grouping", "method", "assignments", "relations and interactions", "responsibility" and "get serious process of cooperative learning". Outcome also includes subthemes named "skills" and "attitudes". Finally, some recommendations were extracted from data analysis to betterment the practice upon which another improved model was obtained for future that provides the preparations of another research.

This research proceeded Historical analyzing of currere as autobiographical course in reconceptualist works. Therefore, reconceptualist works studied by discourse analyzing. Unit of analyzing was sentenced and its level was an explanation. In order to research questions data divided to four categories: Meaning of currere, methods of currere, stages of currere and politic and sociologic base in reconceptualism. The results showed that meaning of Currere at Reconceptualist works has come with different senses, so: biographical pathway, personal pathway, praxis, meta-ascendant challenges at universe, a kind of lived experience, thinking about past and regards to future, a model for curriculum research, self-conscious at work with self and another, complicated understanding of possibilities at curriculum as gender, culture, ethnic, bracketing of teacher and learning experiences, to touch experience of self and revision of school experiences. Also, self-story and Autobiographies are a method of currere. Politic and sociologic base of a currere were individual and social reconstruction.

Autobiographies are not merely literary productions but mental functions, stories continuously narrated, owned and believed by the self. By broadening the locus of autobiography from literary productions to mental functions, the connection between its Greek constituent parts: autos (self), bios (life), and graphé,(writing), can be clarified and new vantage points become possible for studying the self and its narrative framing. In the genre of autobiography Vladimir Nabokov’, s Speak, Memory stands out in unraveling the ways in which memory speaks the self. The free indirect style voice of narration and bridging the epistemic gap between the past and the present, both innate to the act of remembering, are masterly used by Nabokov. This article, following Mark Rowlands’,approach to memory, studies Speak, Memory in order to explore the narrative structure of autobiographical memory and the constitution of the autobiographical sense of self. Thisstudy argues that in Speak, Memory, the self emerges as a narrative thematic pattern across time by being purported in, and at the same time transcending clusters of first-personal narratives that reconstruct the past.