Today, nutritious drinks enriched by probiotics find many importance and this importance is due to these bacterial role in prevention more multitude of infectious diseases. Synbiotic products are products that have probiotic and prebiotic components. the aim of the research was study of industrial new juice production as synbiotic sour cherry juice and apple juice that inoculated with lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria and inulin added as prebiotic. Physiochemical properties of produced juice under controlled conditions of preservation times 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 day after production including pH, Brix, Formalin index and Rheological properties were measured. Experimental results revealed that inulin addition motivate starter metabolic activity and cause increasing acidity and reducing pH. Brix of samples that have longer preservation time, reduces from 12.25 reduce to 12.15, and samples that prepared first day, had increased brix. Formalin index don't reduce meaningfully by considering encapsulation. Apple juice have minimum viscosity but sourcherry juice have high viscosity that depend on it's formulation and fruit component type. Totally, these results colud be planned for introducing synbiotic juice as new product with society culturing for it's consumption time like dairy family by considering industrial and economical view. We determined maximum expiration time one month by refer to physicochemical analysis. Also, samples that contain encapsulated micro-organisms have best expiration time toward others, and this time reduces in acidic fruits that physicochemical analysis of juice changes significantly from 21 th day later.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in usage of portable lightweight and accurate instrument such as refracto meter in dairy industry. This paper attempts to show that each one of mentioned instruments in various cut-points what will be their performance. Randomly, 80 cattle (primiparous and multiparous) selected and lactation number, calving ease score, volume of colostrum at first-milking were recorded and somatic cell count (SCC), total solid (TS), specific gravity, Brix% reading and immunologlobolin G concentration of colostrum sample measured. Thirtytwo percent of colostrum samples in the current study had IgG concentration of lower than 50 g/L. The results showed an acceptable correlation (R2=0.679) between Brix% reading and IgG concentration measured by enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA), also interaction of hydrometer method and digital Brix refracto meter (%) had a strong and positive (R2=0.711) correlation. Performance of digital Brix refracto meter for identifying low quality colostrum elevated at cut-point 24%, so that the sensivity and specificity of instrument in mentioned cut-point were 85.5% and 96%, respectively. The current results confirmed digital Brix refracto meter is accurate and have a good correlation with IgG concentration of colostrum, and diagnostic characteristics test of device could be better if used of fixed colostrum volume for measurement, but in the colostrum samples with high SCC adequacy of this portable on-farm device falls down.

Sugarcane is one of the most important products in the area of agriculture. The solid part of sugarcane, fiber (bagasse), is the major byproduct of sugarcane industry and one of the largest cellulose sources. Another measurable index in sugarcane is Brix which is considered as sugar content as well as maturity index. Due to the importance of fiber, Brix index and moisture content of sugarcanes’ stalk, in this paper has been tried to provide nondestructive method for estimation of aforementioned parameters. To this end mechanical vibration of sugarcane stalks was evaluated as a cantilever beam. After placing samples in suitable place, they were excited and natural frequency, damping and damping ratio was calculated; these features were given to artificial neural network as inputs to predict brix, fiber percent and moisture content of sugarcane’ s stalk (as outputs). The correlation coefficient for fiber, brix and moisture content were R2=0. 97, R2=0. 71 and R2=0. 55 respectively. The support vector machinewas used to classify sugarcane parameters. The results showed that support vector machine classify fiber and Brix with the accuracy of 91. 43 and 83. 73%, respectively.

Removing sugar color is one of the most important goals of raw sugar refineries. Also, color and ash have the most important effect on the quality of crystallized sugar. In order to produce high quality products, every year, a lot of equipment and operating costs and spend for the remove of the color and ash in every sugar mill and refinery. The quality of sugar depends on the quality of the sugar syrup that is produced from it, so the effective refine process, which has the ability to produce bright syrup with a low amount of color, is necessary in the sugar industry. In this research, Treatments of Brix in three level (40, 50 and 60), syrup Flow rate in three level (4, 6 and 8 ) and the Temperature in three level (40, 50 and 60 °, C) were considered and color, Invert, pH, ash and purity were measured according to ICUMSA methods and based on the efficacy of each treatments in decoloration and also according to the characteristics of the syrup, optimization was done by the surface response method. The model offered by response surface for the responses of color, pH, Invert sugar, and purity were significant and it was found that the use of ozone in important parameters in the sugar industry includes a reduction in color has a positive effect and on other parameters such as ash, pH, Invert Sugar, and purity have very little effect. The optimal treatment introduced by the model was temperature 43 °, C, flow rate 4. 2 and the Brix 54, and it was found that no significant effect between amount of specified by software and experimental samples(p>0. 05) and optimization points specifiedtruly.

The present study was conducted with the objective of investigating the feasibility of using drainage water mixed with water to irrigate sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) in Khuzestan province. The investigation was conducted in Research Center of Sugarcane in farming seasons of years 2008-2009. Four salinity levels of irrigation water were selected (S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively with salinites of: (river water, 3, 4.5, and 6 dS/m), as major treatments and three varieties (CP48-103, CP57-614 and IRC99-01), as minor treatments in four replications and in the form of a randomized complete plan. Following the initial and developmental stages from March to October 2008, sugarcane was irrigated with the four levels of water salinity. In other words, elementary growth and developmental processes were completed without imposing any water stresses. Salinity treatments of irrigation water were applied starting with March-April 2008. Finally, in January 2009 the crop was harvested with yield), height and juice quality parameters evaluated. Results revealed that with increase in salinity of irrigation water, yield, cane, height, Pol, Brix, purity, yellow sugar and sucrose got decreased. Variety IRC99-01 was found to have maximum crop yield at different salinity levels while varieties CP57-614 and CP48-103 were rated, respectively. For all the varieties, juice quality ratio and electrical conductivity of juice increased with increase in salinity of irrigation water. Levels of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine were different in sugarcane juice of the three study varieties, a phenomenon related to the physiology of the plant.

Introduction: One time tomato harvesting, in addition to labor saving, provides a possibility of increasing the cultivated area which lead to increase the total output (1). Varieties of tomato that has multiple harvest usually have a lower density in farm compared to one time harvest (2). In the late 1940s, the processing tomato industry in California was concerned that expected shortage of labor would prevent harvest of its increasing tomato production.Commercial use of the new variety and the new harvesting method, began in early 1960s. New harvesting method had a labor requirement of 2.9 hours per ton, compared with 5.3 hours per ton for hand-harvest in several times. Total labor use for the crop dropped from 13.5 million hours in the hand-harvest years to about 3.8 million hours per year in 1997, while fruit yield increased 4-fold (3).Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in two years (2010-2011) at Mazrae Nemone Astan Ghods Razavi using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications. The first factor was planting space within row at three levels including 20, 30 and 40 cm and the second factor was harvesting method at two levels including multiple and one time on tomato variety hypeel 347. Measured traits included fruit number per plant, fruit weight per plant, yield, as quantitative also pH, brix as qualitative and labor consumption per each ton of harvested fruit were investigated. Each plot consisted of 5 rows with a length of 6 meters, the plant in the row bilaterally (a total of 10 lines per plot) were planted. Drip irrigation method was performed using the T-tape with 1.6 liters per hour. Harvesting started in mid-September and ended in late October. Fully ripe and healthy fruits were harvested and rotten fruits were not collected.Results and Discussion: Quantitative traits Analysis of variance showed that the effect of year and planting space on all quantitative traits was significant while harvesting method significantly affected fruit weight per plant and fruit yield. Interaction between year and planting space had significant effect on the fruit number and weight per plant. Moreover, interaction of year and harvesting method had a significant effect only on fruit number per plant.Means comparison indicated that fruit number, fruit weight per plant and fruit yield in first year were 31.1, 21.3 and 20.1 percent higher than second year, respectively. The highest and the lowest fruit number and fruit weight per plant obtained on 40 cm and 20 cm, respectively. The maximum yield with 16.2 percent was observed in 30 cm space treatment compared to 40 cm which had the lowest rate on those traits. The maximum fruit number and fruit weight per plant obtained in the first year and 40 cm planting space while the minimum number obtained in the second year and 20 cm planting space, . The fruit harvested at several times had 9.9 and 9.6 percent higher than fruit weight per plant and yield respectively, compared to harvested method at once. The maximum and minimum of fruit number per plant achieved in the first year and several time harvesting also in the second year and harvested method at once, respectively with 45.5 percent difference.Qualitative traits Analysis of variance revealed that only year had significant effect on brix and pH. Means comparison showed that pH had 9.3 percent superiority in the first year compared to the second year while brix was 25.2 percent lower in the first year compare to the second year.Labor working time Analysis of variance showed that planting space, harvesting method and their interaction had significant effect on this labor time. Means comparison illustrated that the maximum labor time with 10.5 percent difference were observed in 20 cm planting space treatment compared to 40 cm which had the lowest rate on this trait. The fruit harvested multiple times method needed 127.1 percent more labor compared to harvested method at once.The highest and the lowest labor consumption with 151.6 percent difference, were observed in 30 cm and 20 cm respectively.Conclusions: In tomato production increasing and decreasing of harvest’s expenses, increasing within row space from 20 to 30 cm and one-time harvesting method, had a very important role.

Lubricating parts to reduce friction and wear is one of the most important functions of engine oil. When engine oil is used, the color and viscosity of the engine oil changes during the operation of the car, and due to the increase in friction and the energy required to pump the oil, it causes an increase in fuel consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the detection of engine oil life based on the distance traveled with the help of smell, color and integrated data of color, smell and brix using two standard and zero-one methods. In this research, electronic nose devices, refractometer and colorimeter were used. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used to classify the data to detect kilometers, and partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) were used to predict the parameters. Brix and engine oil color changes were used. The main component analysis method of the results showed that in the score chart, engine oil life detection was done better based on color, and all the oil samples were well separated based on the distance traveled. Also, the LDA method for detecting the life of engine oil with different traveled kilometers for color data separated different classes with 96.36% accuracy. Based on the disturbance matrix obtained from the artificial neural network for the color data, the classification accuracy of engine oil with different distances traveled was 93.6%. LDA method showed better classification than PCA and ANN methods. The results showed that the PLS and PCR methods performed well in predicting Brix parameters and engine oil color change, but they did not perform well in predicting the mileage parameter. Using PCR and PLS models are more suitable for Brix and color change detection.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the physicochemical properties and mineral substances of sugar. In this plan, the effect of exploitation time in the form of months (October, November, December and January) and days (1, 10, 20 and 30) of exploitation of each month on the characteristics of sugar such as solution color, pH, Brix and ash content It was analyzed with analysis of variance test using spss 26 software. The results showed that the color of the solution, Brix, sugar percentage and ash content were significant (p<0.05). The results of the analysis of the technological quality of beet pulp selected from 8 different regions by Betalyzer showed that the results of the three elements sodium, potassium and nitrogen show that the sugar beets of region H have the lowest amount of the mentioned elements and the sugar beet of region B has the highest amount of elements in They had the amount of millimol/100 grams of sugar beet pulp. On the other hand, the results of the amount of alkalinity, percentage of sugar or sucrose, extraction coefficient and molasses are among the results of the technological quality analysis of the samples of sugar beet pulp by Betalyzer, respectively 8.56 for the samples delivered from region A and 3.03 for the samples delivered from region H. In terms of sugar percentage and degree of extraction, region F has the highest amount compared to other regions, so that the percentage of sugar was 18.72 and the degree of extraction was 89.41, which is in contrast to the beets received from regions E, which have the lowest sugar percentage (13.7). percent) and extraction degree (84.47).

This study aimed to investigate the effect of subsurface drip irrigation on leaf area index, root distribution, quality and yield of sugarcane for the first ratoon. Two fields including one field with subsurface drip irrigation and other field with closed-end furrow irrigation were studied as control. Three measurement stations were selected in each field. The results were statistically analyzed. Number of plants, number of green leaves, leaf length and width over one meter were counted and measured six times at 91, 99, 105, 112, 119 and 128 days after harvesting of plant, respectively. Leaf number and leaf length and leaf width were not significantly different in both irrigations. Number, length and width of leaves in furrow irrigation averaged 7. 6, 100 and 3. 2 cm and in subsurface drip irrigation averaged 7. 2, 101 and 2. 9 cm. The number of plants and LAI were significantly different at 99 and 95% level. The number of plants and LAI were in subsurface drip irrigation 2. 06 and 1. 77 times higher than furrow irrigation, respectively. The LAI value was affected by the number of plants. The value of all qualitative parameters in subsurface drip irrigation was higher than furrow irrigation, but none of them had significant differences in two types of irrigation. Weight of 20 stalks, brix, POL, purity (PTY), yield (Y) and sugar yield (SY) in subsurface drip irrigation 9. 7%, 1. 3%, 2%, 0. 08%, 2. 8% and 45. 4% were more than furrow irrigation respectively. Weight, length, area and volume in subsurface drip irrigation were 32. 9%, 42. 4%, 42. 4% and 42. 5% more than furrow irrigation, respectively. Diameter of root in subsurface drip irrigation was 1. 9 times less than furrow irrigation. Therefore, roots in subsurface drip irrigation were finer and deeper than the furrow irrigation. Also, in subsurface drip irrigation the roots were 20% deeper than furrow irrigation. The efficiency of subsurface drip irrigation and furrow irrigation was 88. 2% and 62. 3%, respectively. Water use efficiency in subsurface drip and furrow irrigation was 9. 43 and 8. 01 kg/mm. ha, respectively.