Tuberose is one of the most important floral crops in Iran. Long spikes of fragrant flowers make it excellent for cut flower. Due to the beauty and sweet fragrance of flowers, it used in all seasons for flower arrangements. Production of high quality flowers and vase life extension is important for competition in world markets. For this reason this research was conducted on Polianthes tuberosa var Double base on factorial experiment in RCB (randomized complete block design) with three replications. Both gibberellin acid (GA3) and benzyl adenine (BA) were sprayed on bulbs and foliage of plants at four concentration levels. Results showed that gibberellin acid and benzyl adenine treatments had significant differences in all of the measured indices at one percent level. Gibberellin acid increased stem and rachis length in some concentrations and also accelerated flower stalk emerge.Benzyl adenine increased stem diameter, floret numbers and vase life and preceded flowering. Both of these plant growth regulators improved water uptake by cut flowers and increased diameter of second floret but decreased ethylene production of the flowers. Essential oils of flowers were extracted by solvent extraction method. Both of the plant growth regulators had negative effects on essential oils of flowers, but in 1000 mg.l-1 of BA essential oils of flowers were higher than other concentrations.

Leaf chlorosis during both green houses forcing and postharvest has been a long standing problem in Easter liliy. The symptoms typically start in the basal leaves and moves progressively upward and reduce flower quality and economic value of crop. In order to delay leaf chlorosis and increase vase life, an experiment was carried out on Asiatic hybrid Lilium cv Canova to study different treatments of benzyladenine (BA) and silver thiosulphate (STS) on pre and postharvest attributs, respectively. The results showed that preharvest application of BA effect the chlorophyll content of leaves significantly, but its effect on stem and pedicle length and harvest time were not significant. Treatment of 0.44 mM BA on increased chlorophyll content greater than another treatment. In postharvest study, factors of 0.44 mM BA on chlorophyl1 content of leaves and leaf longevity, treatment of 0.88 mM BA+ 0.6 mM STS on vase life, total soluble solids and uptake solution had most effect. The results showed that application of STS and BA can be used to prolong vase life, delay leaf senescence and enhance postharvest quality of lilium cut flowers during their transport market.

Field trials with Dizigotheeca elegantissima were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Azad University Jiroft in growth seasons of 2012 year. The aim of this work was to study the effect of foliar application of gibberellic acid [GA3] and benzyladenine [BA] at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mgL-1 on the vegetative growth and Photosynthetic pigments of D. elegantissima plants. Most of the vegetative growth characteristices like plant heights, number of leaves/plant, chlorophylle index and Photosynthetic pigments were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study. All foliar applications of BA and GA3 separately promoted all the afore mentioned characters in this study, as well as Photosynthetic pigments i.e. Chl. [a and b], totol and sum pigments compared with control plants. The highest recorded data were obtained in plants treated with 200 mgL-1 GA3+200 mgL-1 BA for plant height, number of leaves/plant and chlorophylle index, except with 200 mgL-1 GA3+100 mgL-1 BA which gave the highest leaf area.

In order to improve the vase life of alstroemeria cut flowers (Alstroemeria aurantiaca), an experiment was performed based on completely randomized design with 10 treatments including cycloheximide (50, 100 and 200 mg l-1), benzyladenine (50, 100 and 200 mg l-1), coconut juice (5, 10 and 20 %) and control (distilled water) in three replications. In this study, characteristics such as vase life, dry matter, increasing o Brix, the percentage of flower opening, chlorophyll a and b and ionic leakage were evaluated. The results showed that coconut juice at a concentration of 5% has the maximum vase life (17.39 days), although it has no significant difference with different levels of benzyladenine and 10 and 20% coconut juice treatments.10% coconut juice with 2.58 and 0.88 has the highest o Brix and flower opening index, respectively. Treatments of 50 mg l-1 benzyladenine, 5 and 10% coconut juice had the maximum impact on the amount of dry matter. The most successful treatments for reducing ionic leakage are two treatments of 5% coconut juice and 100 mg l-1 benzyladenine. All treatments cause maintenance of chlorophyll a and b compared to the control, and two treatments of 50 mg l-1 cycloheximide and 5% coconut juice had the highest content of chlorophyll a and b, respectively among treatments. According to the obtained results, using 5% coconut juice in the vase solution can effectively improve the vase life of alstroemeria cut flowers.

In order to induce ripening and reduce susceptibility of dates to rain damage in Khesht and Konar- Takhteh regions an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of benzyladenine, ethephon, sodium chloride and acetic acid on early ripening in 'Kabkab' date.The experiment was designed as a complete factorial arranged in a completely randomized block design with four replicates. Twenty eight 'Kabkab' palms were selected and benzyladenine was applied two weeks after fruit set. Ethepon (0, 1000, 2000 mgl-1) sodium chloride (0, 1.5%, 3%) and acetic acid (0, 2%, 4%) treatments were applied at the begining of the Khalal stage and repeated two weeks later. The results of this experiment showed that ethephon (1000, 2000 mg mgl-1) and acetic acid (2% , 4%) were more effective on early and uniform ripening of date fruits than sodium chloride. Benzyl adenine significantly increased fruit size, but delayed the ripening of fruits. Total soluble solids were affected by chemical treatments but the pH was not affected. Ethephon and especially acetic acid induced ripening two weeks earlier than control.

Field trials with Spathiphyllum wallisii Regel were conducted at the experimental farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University Azad Jiroft in 2012 growth seasons. The aim of this work is to study the effect of foliar application with benzyladenine (BA) at 0, 100, 200 and 400 mg.L-1 and gibberellic acid (GA3) at 0, 100 and 200 mg.L-1 on the vegetative growth constituents of Spathiphyllum plants. Most of the criteria of vegetative growth expressed as number of leaves/plant, leaf area and petiole length and were significantly affected by application of the two factors which were used in this study. All foliar applications of SPAD BA and GA3 separately promoted all the aforementioned characters in this study, as well as chl. a, petiole length, number of leaves/plant, leaf area and spad compared with control plants. The most number of produced leaves was in a plant in applications of 400 mg l-1 of BA, 100 mg l-1 of BA, 400 mg l-1 BA+100 mg l-1 GA3, 400 mg l-1 BA+mg l-1 of GA3 and respectively, with average of 11.33, 11, 10.66, 10/66 that they did not show a meaniful diference, statically.

Attractive and colorful cultivars of cactus have been developed that are mainly propagated by grafting. The aim of this study was to determine histological events during graft union formation in Gymnocalycium cactus influenced by BA (Benzyladenine) application, grafting method and rootstock. The basal end of the scions and the top end of the rootstocks were first dipped into BA solution at concentrations of 0, 100 and 500 mg L-1 for 10 s, before being grafted on Lemaireocereus marginatus and Myrtillocactus geometrizans rootstocks using horizontal or wedge techniques. Longitudinal sections of the graft union were taken weekly to observe the developmental process of graft formation. The rootstocks did not have a significant effect on grafting success and scion growth, while horizontally grafted Gymnocalycium showed better grafting success rate. The grafting rate and scion growth were enhanced by application of BA compared with the control. The best results were obtained from treating the graft cut-surfaces of both scions and rootstocks with 100 mg L-1 BA. Histological observations showed that the graft union process involved development of a thin necrotic layer, callus formation at the graft interface, cambium differentiation and initiation of new vascular elements, developing the new vascular tissue, and connection of scion and rootstock vascular bundles. BA stimulated rapid proliferation of callus between the scion and rootstock as well as differentiation of vascular elements. We suggest the horizontal graft and application of BA (100 mg L-1) on the cut surfaces of both scion and rootstock as an easy and reliable method for successful graft union in Gymnocalycium cactus, which may have potential use in the commercial production of other cactus species as well.