The aim of the present work is to assess the compatibility of Sarcheshmeh molybdenite Concentrate with native bacteria of the area. The strain of thiobacillus ferrooxidans was isolated from Sarcheshmeh mine drainage and the test work were performed in shake flasks. Effect of increasing pulp density from 1 to 5%, changing the culture medium from 9K to Norris and addition of surfactant Tween 80 on the performance of the bioleaching was investigated. The results were compared to the chemical leaching process. It was revealed that Mo dissolution in bioleaching of molybdenite was 6 times greater than chemical leaching. It was also found that thiobacillus ferrooxidans was able to leach pyrite and copper sulfide at higher rate compared to molybdenite, and consequently reduced the Fe and Cu content of molybdenite Concentrate. Application of Norris culture medium or addition of Tween 80 to 9K medium for dissolution of Cu and Fe content of molybdenite can reduce the time of bioleaching and its process cost.

One of the challenges in the rare earth elements (REE) production industry is the difficulty of separating them from each other. Therefore, in the present study, the possibility of cerium separation from carbonate Concentrate of REEs containing 22. 75% Ce, 9. 4% La and 8. 6% Nd (total REEs of 41. 51%) was investigated. Two methods were used to separate Ce from other REEs. In the first method, due to the very low solubility of Ce4+, the calcination of carbonate Concentrate and conversion of cerium carbonate to cerium oxide and selective dissolution of other REEs from the calcine were investigated. In the second method, prior to the carbonate precipitation of REEs, the possibility of cerium oxidation in the sulfate solution (by using potassium permanganate) and its subsequent selective separation from other REEs was investigated. Results of the calcination (first method) showed that only 35 and 45% of La and Nd were dissolved at 80 ° C after 2 hours leaching with 1 molar nitric acid, respectively. Results of the calcine leaching with 4 molar nitric acid at 80 ° C for 2 hours showed that more than 90% of the La and Nd were dissolved. In this conditions, 35% of the Ce was also dissolved and the leaching process was not selective. In the second method, using potassium permanganate with a stoichiometric ratio of 1. 5 to 1 for oxidant to Ce, pH 3. 5 for 1 hour, 98% of the Ce and less than 1% of La and Nd were precipitated. The resulting hydroxide was calcined at 850 ° C for 1 h to produce CeO2 and finally a Ce oxide Concentrate was obtained with 99% purity.

Mixtures of Likak celestite Concentrate (98% SrSO4) and activated carbon (99% carbon) were prepared and reduced in high pure argon atmosphere (99.99%). The products after carbothermic reduction were studied by a combination of XRD and TGA/DTA experiments. The thermogravimetric analyses and XRD results showed that the formation temperature of strontium sulfide (SrS) appeared at about 720oC. The carbothermic reduction progressed gradually and finished at about 1100oC. The XRD results and thermodynamic analyses revealed that the only solid product was strontium sulfide and no intermediate compound was observed during carbothermic reduction.

In this research perovskite phase of strontium titanate was produced from celestite Concentrate (strontium sulphate). At first stage, the precursor of strontium carbonate was prepared from celestite-sodium carbonate mixture using mechanochemical process. Strontium titanate was synthesized using strontium carbonate-TiO2 mixture in the second stage. The results indicated that high energy ball milling plays a significant role in the chemical reaction and results in decreasing the temperature of post-heat treatment for producing of strontium titanate. Although some traces of rutile phase were overlapped with strontium carbonate, however no sign of chemical reaction observed in the10 hours milled mixtures of strontium carbonate-TiO2. TGA results showed that milling results in decreasing the formation temperature of perovskite strontium titanate phase in the milled mixtures. Although the traces of strontium titanate phase were revealed in the 5 hours milled mixture after isothermal heating at temperature of 600℃ , the signs of un-reacted raw materials (TiO2 and SrCO3) were observed in un-milled mixture at this temperature. The traces of SrTiO3 were observed in un-milled and milled mixtures after heating at temperature of 900℃ . XRD and FT-IR results indicated that strontium titanate can be synthesized form celestite Concentrate (SrSO4) at lower temperatures using mechanochemical process. SEM micrographs showed that the ultrafine particles of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) can be formed in the milled samples.

Beneficiation of ilmenite and preparation of synthetic routile from ilmenite Concentrates was used in different countries. In this work we have used a hydrometallurgical method for preparation of synthetic routile from Kahnoj (Kerman, Iran) Concentrate. For removal of FeO from ilmenite crystal network (FeO.TiO2), the HSAB (Hard and Soft Acid and Bases) principle was used. Thus, the leaching of ilmenite Concentrate was done with mixture of mineral acids, such sulfuric and hydrochloric acids, and hydroxylic compounds, such as methanol, ethanol and ethylene glycol. The synthetic routile with 75%purity was a result of this work.

Utilizing natural clay in the traditional production of the grape Concentrates in the villages cause the input of large amounts of some metals (solutes) in the product which will be harmful for the consumers. To eliminate the natural clay from this procedure in nonindustrial scale, bentonite was selected as an aid-clarifier and examined in treatments under these conditions: two levels of bentonite (1gr/liter, 2gr/liter), primary temperatures of 25, 50 and 80oC, two methods of clarification (with preheating to 65oC and without preheating) and time duration 3 hours. Results showed that the clarification of the grape juice Concentrate in this scale was the best when 1 gr/liter of bentonite (in jelly form) was added to juice in the room temperature and held for 3 hours before filtration with a suitable cloth and preheating to 65oC. For a product with acceptable taste it should be increased the pH of grape juice after clarification; so for this purpose the addition of Na2Co3 (about 1.5 gr/liter) is recommended.

Wild medlar fruit (Mespilus germanica) is rich in sugars and organic acids. In this study, wild medlar Concentrates in four concentrations of 14, 28, 42 and 56% (oBrix), preparation and physicochemical properties including pH, acidity, density and color, and rheological properties (at 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70oC) were studied. The pH was in the range from 3.37 to 3.62 and acidity according to citric acid was in the range of 1.05 to 3.90%. Density of Concentrated sample (56%) was 1277 kg/m3. Color of samples was analyzed using image processing technique and image parameters including L*, a* and b* for the sample with a concentration of 56% was 20.54, 1.69 and 1.36, respectively. With increasing in concentration, the sample was darker and L* index decreased. Concentrate used in all concentrations showed Newtonian behavior and viscosity increases with increasing concentration. With increasing in temperature from 20 to 70oC, the viscosity of the Concentrate (56%), decreased from 2517 to 223 mPa.s. The magnitude of activation energy was found in the range of 9.59-43.39 kJ/mol K.

In this research the production of tomato juice Concentrate in the fruit nectar production plant and using existing equipments have been studied. Tomato juice was produced and then Concentrated under high vacuum condition at temperature lower than 50oC up to 20.25 Brix in the laboratory scale. In order to study the quality specifications of the tomato Concentrate and juice, the Concentrated juice was recombined and physical and organoleptical tests including color, appearance, consistency and flavor were performed. The samples kept for one and three months at temperatures 4, 25 and 35oC were studied. Results showed that fruit nectar production line has significant effects on color and vitamin C content of tomato juice. However with additional equipments it is possible to produce a high quality tomato juice Concentrate. Moreover it was found that the concentration of tomato juice, had no significant effect on the quality of recombined product and 97% of vitamin C content was remained unchanged.