Background and purpose: Oculogyric crisis which is a dystonic reaction commonly caused by typical antipsychotics treatment of acute dystonias, rarely occurs with atypical antipsychotics like clozapine. The aim of this report was to describe a rare case of clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis successfully treated with biperiden. Case: The patient was a 42-year-old woman with a 19-year history of schizophrenia treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics, risperidone and lithium augmentation with appropriate doses and duration. Because of poor response to prior medications, she was prescribed clozapine started with 25 mg/d and gradually titrated up to 150 mg/d. She has experienced two episodes of oculogyric crisis treated successfully with biperiden. Discussion: Although low affinity of clozapine for blocking D2 dopaminergic receptors and its anticholinergic activity may explain the significantly lower incidence of dystonic reactions, they may happen in some patients and could be suppressed with biperiden. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider dystonic reaction as a possible clozapine adverse effect and on the basis of this report, clozapine-induced oculogyric crisis may be treated successfully with biperiden.

Since the emergence of modernity, and in response to its myriad aspects and potentials, which are constantly unfolding, countless reactions have kept emerging in almost all quarters of the globe. A large variety of anti-modern reactions, the common core of which is perhaps the idea that modernity, in one way or another, is illegitimate, stand out among these responses. According to some of these anti-modern responses, modernity has usurped the characteristics and features of religion, which has been the soul as well as the main shaping force of the pre-modern era and has reproduced it in a corrupted form. Two German-speaking philosophers, Karl Popper and Hans Blumenberg, are among the intellectuals who have defended modernity against the onslaught of anti-modern tendencies. In this paper, I briefly, though critically, compare and contrast the approaches as well as some of the arguments of these two thinkers in defence of modernity.

The aim of the article is to review of strategies and decisions by the US and North Korea and their results (outcomes) during North Korea nuclear crisis. To this end, article viewed to John Brams’ Theory of Moves. Since 1993 that issue of North Korea nuclear program looked by global society as an explicitly threat, strategies and counter strategies by the North Korea and the US assumed that, ultimately, caused achieving of nuclear bomb by the North Korea and test it two times. Following it America established massive economic sanctions in frame of Security Council against North Korea. In the article view, each decision (move) by each one was for maximizing of interests and minimizing of risks and, of course, has closed relations to other one’ move. Hence tow countries' strategies have undulated in two positions of hard line stance and comprising. Article found that at the first time, the aim of North Korea in produce nuclear bomb was getting some upper hand and grant, none deterrence, but after whatever refrain of 1994 contrast by the US and threatening of Pyong Yang it has tended to achieve atomic bomb.

The main focus of this article is a review of Critique and Crisis, Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society by Reinhart Koselleck. Critique and Crisis was first published in German in 1959 and published in English in 1988 by The MIT Press. Koselleck’ s book attempts to explain the Utopian ideas of the twentieth century by looking at their origins in the eighteenth. The main idea of Critique and Crisis is that the Enlightenment itself became Utopian and even hypocritical because-as far as continental Europe was concerned-it saw itself excluded from political power-sharing. The structure of Absolutism, which was rooted in the dichotomy between sovereign and subject, between public policy and private morality, prevented the Enlightenment and the emancipation movement produced by it from seeing itself as a political phenomenon. Instead the Enlightenment developed patterns of thought and behaviour which, at the latest from 1789 onwards, foundered on the rocks of the concrete political challenges that arose. The Enlightenment succumbed to a Utopian image which, while deceptively propelling it, helped to produce contradictions that could not be resolved in practice and prepared the way for the Terror and for dictatorship. The main idea of Koselleck’ s book seems to be based on the idea of Carl Schmitt in The Leviathan in the State Theory of Thomas Hobbes, which he explains and expand in this book. Koselleck’ s critique and its historical entwinement with twentieth-century totalitarianism is a biased or willfully selective picture.

Background and Objectives: Crisis is an event which occurs all of a sudden, and is a serious threat for to infrastructures and/or basic values and norms of a system which requires rapid reaction. Taking consideration the role of communication and information providing during crisis, the present research aims at finding ways to access ways of communication during crises.Method: The present study, reviews the results of communication during crises through searching in valid electronic databases such as SID and Magiran, and through using keywords review articles and works of crisis experts, and some of them selected.Findings: Crisis management system should focus on providing information to the public and officials during the crisis, before and after it, and try to implement projects proportionate with crisis conditions.Conclusion: There are two approaches for combating and controlling crisis: direct and indirect. In both of the approaches crisis managers should keep in touch with all the concerned and affected parties, i.e. the public and crisis control managers. While disclosing the nature of rioters, crisis managers should ensure them that they will control the conditions and should try to encourage them to cooperate with them. Meanwhile, they should make the rioters convinced to either withdraw or adjust their requests and approaches.

First hospital admission of 20 years old male known case of sickle thalassemia transferred from another hospital with impression of acute leukemia. He was well until one week PTA when he developed R-knee pain and gradually experienced generalized bone pain. Referred to hospital and was admitted. Results of laboratory test at the time of admission were:WBC=7100, BUN=27, BS=142, HB=12.1, CREA=0.6, Na=141, PLT=72000, Ca++=9.1, K+=4.4, MCV=67, PO4=4.5, PT=19.5, INR=2.3 He gradually developed dizziness, fever and episodes of epistaxis and pallor.Results of laboratory tests 4 days after admission were: WBC=34100, LDH=3353, CPK=142, Hb=4.5, Plt=28000 Abdominal sonography revealed gallstone and huge splenomegaly.BMA: suggestive of acute leukemia.He transfused 4 units of pached RBC and 7 units of platelets.Dexamethazone: 8 mg BID, Ciprofloxasine: 200mg IV q 12h, Ceftriaxone: 1mg IV q 12h, Allopurinol: 100mg q 8h started for the patient. At 6th hospital day he transferred to our hospital with impression of acute leukemia.FH: father has sickle cell trait and mother has thalassemia minor.On physical examination patient was pale, Bp: 90/70, PR=120, Temp=38.5, RR=20 Positive finding at time of admission were: pallor, mild jaundice, huge splenomegally no petechia or purpura.Vancomycin, imipenem started for patient. Results of BMA and BMBX showed extensive necrosis of BM and many degenerated cells. Flowcytometry was: normal WBC=31100, PARVO VIRUS B19 IGM= NEGATIVE, HB=9.8, COOMB'S TEST= NEGATIVE, PLT=57000, G6PD= NEGATIVE, RETIC=1%, LDH=5000 CT of abdomen showed huge splenomegally and multiple S.O.L in spleen suggestive of infarction.Splenectomy and cholecystectomy was done at 10th day of hospital admission.We will discuss this interesting case and differential diagnosis for him. He suffered from splenic sequestration crisis a rare type of crisis in sickle cell disease and sickle thalassemia.

The tourism industry is one of the most susceptible industries against the crisis and crisis management in tourism industry would be turned into an inevitable necessity. The present study tries to provide practical solutions to the crisis in the tourism industry by defining and describing the crisis in the tourism industry, using the technique of the failure mode and effect analysis. This preventive approach is an action against what may happen in the future and obviously, the implementation of remedial measures in the early stages will cost less money and time. This is an applied developmental research which by examining existing models for crisis management and taking into account the nature of the services in the tourism industry, presented a model for managing crisis prevention in this industry. Finally, the proposed research model was validated by a team of industry and university experts.