National Integration is a mutual concept that implies on the differences and similarities. With emphasizing on the similarities this concept makes us integrated and committed around a unique principle and on the other hand make us different from others. Iran is a combination of the different tribes and sub cultures. Identity, religion, common history and geography are important factors among these sub cultures. To enrich national integration in a society, it is necessary that sub cultures identify each other. Persian language -as a common cultural heritage- can play as a catalyzer in the process of this identification. Undoubtedly development of tourism in Iran is a base for interactions of the sub cultures. "Integration" is an old concept in the history of the social sciences and politics. It means coordination between members of the social system. In this article the concept of the National Integration and the factors which affect it has been described with a conceptual frame work. Then role and influence of the tourism have been analyzed for every effective factor.

The aim of this study was to examine the role of parental goal EMPHASES on the self-regulated learning of senior students from Shiraz high schools. The participants were 722 students (379 females, 343 males) from district 1 and 4 of Shiraz high schools selected by multistage cluster sampling method. They completed Parental Goal EMPHASES, and Self-regulation Questionnaires. The results of examining reliability and validity of the questionnaires were satisfying.The results showed a significant positive relationship between parental mastery and performance goal EMPHASES and students’ self-regulated learning. Furthermore, meta cognition and cognition were positively predicted by both of goal EMPHASES. Motivation was positively predicted by performance goal EMPHASES but negatively predicted by Parental mastery goal EMPHASES. Results showed no significant differences between male and female students in parental mastery goal EMPHASES and learning self-regulation, and cognition. Nevertheless, there was a significant difference between male and female in performance goal EMPHASES, meta cognition, and motivation. Girls mean in goal EMPHASES and meta cognition are more than boys mean. Boy mean in motivation is more than girls mean.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effective factors on attitude toward using drip irrigation. The statistical universe of this study consisted all viticulturists (675) who farming in Shahriar of Tehran Province. A sample of 156 viticulturists was selected by the use of "Stratified proportional sampling technique". The research design used in this study was a descriptive-correlation method. According to Multiple Regression Analysis 85 percent of the changes in "attitude toward drip irrigation" was due to rate of cultivating surface, accessing extension services, rate of being cosmopolitan, acceptance of social responsibility, family, income, technical Knowledge & experience, using Internet, reading extension publications, and education.

During the reign of the Prophet of Islam, religious minorities, including Christians, Jews, and Magi, were deemed parts of the Islamic community, and their coexistence with Muslims was implied by Quranic orders, as in verses 8 and 9 of Sura al-Mumtaḥ ina, as well as the practice and hadiths of Infallible Shiite Imams, including Amī r al-Mu’ minī n ‘ Alī ’ s letter of Mā lik al-Ashtar in Nahj al-Balā gha, which is a reliable document featuring crucial orders and EMPHASES, such as the observance of social justice as well as compassionate treatment of religious minorities by governmental agents. The Imam points out that religious minorities are obliged to fulfil their duties, such as jizya payments, and that they have rights such as political participation and economic activities in the Islamic society, so as to protect the integrity and development of the Islamic government. In this paper, we study texts of Nahj al-Balā gha to examine Imā m ‘ Alī ’ s EMPHASES on the rights of religious minorities.

The aim of the present research was to determine the relationship of metacognitive states, perceived instrumentality and parental goal emphasis with academic achievement in learning disabilities students. The population of this study includes all learning disabilities students of Korramabad enrolled in the 2011-2012 academic year. The research sample consisted of 81 students who were selected through convenience sampling. To collect the data, metacognitive states questionnaire, perceived instrumentality and Parental goal EMPHASES questionnaire were used. The results of Pearson's correlation analysis showed that predictor variables (metacognitive states, perceived instrumentality and parental goal EMPHASES) are positively associated with criterion variable (academic achievement) (p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed metacognitive awareness variable and planning from component of metacognitive beliefs, and components of parent's goal EMPHASES (mastery and performance) to be predictors of academic achievement in learning disabilities students. These results have applied implications for intervention programming and remedial training for learning disorders.

In some contemporary poems, the poets break the lines of their poems into two parts or more and write them down vertically 6r like stairs after each other. This technique, called line breaking, was invented by Mayakovski, the Russian contemporary poet. Afterward, some Persian poets imitated him, though not seriously, in their poems but it was applied extensively by Shamloo, about 1950 as a suggestive device in Persian poetry There is no plan for breaking the lines but, through searching in the poetry by poets who have applied it. This paper is going to examine and describe where the line breaks occur in the poetry. The result of the study shows that there are three main types of line breaks: Some of the line breaks fall among the units of images to give poems a particular appearance and to create visual images. The second kind of them, occur prior to semantic or syntactic elements to create a series of EMPHASES. The third group, are those which cause to foreground the musical aspects and to. create rhyme and rhythmical innovations.

There are discussions and debates recently surfacing that leads some readers with the impression that a ‘new sociology of knowledge’ has been formed which is not only different from the classic sociology of knowledge but is in contradiction to it. The present paper explains the major ideas and lines of thought in the course of sociology of knowledge along with the diversified interpretations and EMPHASES - including those regarding culture. Then, the article outlines the historical chain of theoretical changes and developments in and around the sociology of knowledge which lead to the interpretations and EMPHASES basic to the ‘new’ sociology of knowledge. It is shown, at the end, that these discussions were neither ignored nor isolated in the course of formation and development of sociology of knowledge.

The relation between subsidies in one hand growth and poverty reduction in other hand is an important debate among the economists and policy makers. This article, at first, gives a picture to this debate and challenge, between Neo-Clasic and structure-Institutional approaches.Then tries to evaluate their explanatory sufficiency in economies such as Iranian economy by EMPHASES on the historical experience of adjustment and structural policies which have been implemented during past years in many developing countries.