Introduction: Resilience is a human ability to adapt in face of hardship and tragedy events. Individuals have different levels of resilience, which can be increased or decreased by different factors. Friendship can be considered as one of these factors. The aim of the present study is to determine the relation of friendship quality and friendship reciprocity with resilience.Method: The sample included 250 students (120 boys and 130 girls) of third-year students in high school selected by random cluster sampling from four areas of the city of Shiraz. They were assessed by three questionnaires: friendship quality, friendship reciprocity (Hejazi and Zahrevan, 1380) and resilience (Conner-Davidson, 2003).Results: The results showed a positive and significant relation between friendship quality, friendship reciprocity and resilience. Based on the results of stepwise regression analysis , self-disclosure, loyalty and confidence, proximity and friendship reciprocity are able to predict resilience changes .In relation with components of friendship quality, intimacy & self-disclosure and friendship reciprocity, girls have significant superiority to boys. Also the results showed girls are more resilient than boys.Conclusion: Friendship quality and friendship reciprocity can predict resilience. Therefore, encouraging adolescents to make reciprocal friendships can lead them to be more resilient. Also components of friendship quality, friendship reciprocity and resilience are different between two genders.

Friendship was one of the pivotal notions in Aristotle’s Ethics. It has, however, been neglected and marginalized in the history of western thought. There has, however, in recent times a new attentionbeing paid to this notion. This essay studies the relationship between contemporary political philosophy and friendship by assesing the notion of solidarity in this regard.

“Shahname” is one of the early masterpieces of didactic literature which focuses on teaching humane qualities through moral, religious and wisdom themes. One of these teachings is friendship and peace-lovingness which has been dealt with in Shahname in both personal and social levels. The status of kindness, best friend, ways of making new friends, friendship conditions, how to strengthen friendship relation and even the friendship outcomes have been posed by Ferdosi in Shahname. He tells us about innovative recommendations and solutions which are humane and universal teachings and belongs to all eras and times.

Being normative, political thought suggests the best form of political system. In the history of thought, ‘friendship’ has been a vital concept among the others, functioning in the formation of ideal societies. However, changes in political thought in the modern time have lead to the marginalization of friendship. But in recent decades, the notion of friendship has been renewed in the form of such concepts as ‘solidarity’. Studying the thoughts of contemporary thinkers, we can find sciences like psychotherapy as a major contribution to this renewal. Due to Jurgen Habermas’ thoughts and Eric Fromm’s theory of ‘the Sane Society’, the insights of psychotherapy have been highly influential in bringing the concept of ‘friendship’ back to the center of attention of political thought.

This essay emphasizes the necessity of establishing "friendship" in the classroom by studying different aspects of "competition". Establishing competition among students and comparing them to each other leads to jealousy, feeling of inferiority,weakeningof self- esteem and learning desire. When this kind of competition links to encouragement and reward, its negative traces will increase remarkably. To develop learners capabilities and to occur learning in a humanistic environment, we must shift external competition to internal competition and friendship. Studies show that cooperative learning approach has been effective in this field. Teamwork, thinking and consulting of students together, feeling of social and individual responsibility and close relationship of teacher with students are the most important features of cooperative learning. In addition to reinforcing affective relationship, development of verbal, communicative, and mental skills, it has a condign effect on increasing the feeling of social responsibility, academic achievement and students self-esteem. Performing this approach needs cooperation of home and school, ability of teacher in class management, exact planning, and appropriateness of educational system elements.