Cryotherapy (cold therapy) is a physical therapeutic method that is used for treatment of acute injuries. The effect of cold on muscle strength has recently been studied. Power GRIP is flexion of all fingers of a hand to hold objects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold and cold plus exercise on the GRIP strength. Sixty male undergraduate students, between 18 to 26 years old, were randomly selected and divided into two groups: cold and cold+exercise. First, GRIP strength, pinch strength and muscle strength were measured using a dynamometer, and the cold+exercise group members exercised for 5 minutes. Then arm of each member of both groups was immersed in a cold bath at 10- 15 degree Celsius for 30 minutes. Immediately following cold bath, strength measurements were repeated every 20 minutes for a period of 80 minutes. The data was analyzed with ANOVA and paired t-test.There was no significant increase in the GRIP and muscle strength after application of cold or cold+exercise. Application of cold or cold+exercise caused an increase of GRIP and muscle strength but returned to approximately normal valve. A significant increase of pinch strength was observed in both groups, that was higher in the cold+exercise group.It was concluded that cold+exercise method is not a useful therapeutic physical method for long-term treatment.

Background: GRIP strength is correlated with general strength of the body and some anthropometric measurements, and is often adopted in the treatment of hand injuries as an objective measure of upper extremity function. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of anthropometric factors and GRIP strength.Methods: One hundred healthy men and women aged 20-50 years old participated in this study conducted in School of Rehabilitation, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran. participants did not have any neuromusculoskeletal problems. This survey was a descriptive, analytic, cross-sectional study.Findings: There was a positive significant relationship between right GRIP strength and weight (r=0.68), height (r=0.84), right hand length (r=0.77), right forearm length (r=0.75), right palm width (r=0.84), right forearm circum (r=0.78), and right wrist circum (r=0.86). Also, there was a significant difference between means of right GRIP strength in males and females, with female GRIP strength being almost 60% of male GRIP strength, as the mean GRIP strength was 31.5 kg in women and 53 kg in men. All of these evaluations were performed for left hand and results were quite similar.Conclusion: The study shows that anthropometric factors and gender can affect GRIP strength and can also be used as a guide in treatment planning. The prediction of GRIP-strength, particularly after surgery, can help determine the distance between real and ideal GRIP strength in hand rehabilitation. Our findings are valuable in the area of rehabilitation of hand injuries.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Physical disabilities are the most common side effects of Cerebro Vascular Accident (CVA) in adults. Hemiplegics individuals experience a wide range of functional disabilities including upper limb disabilities. Therefore, rehabilitation treatments are quit important in this regard. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between pinch and GRIP strengths with dexterity in adult hemiplegia.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 34 adult hemiplegic patients. All procedures were approved by ethical committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences and written consents were also taken. Patients were familiarized with the procedure, pinch and GRIP strengths were measured by dynamometer according to the amount of kilograms and dexterity has evaluated by Minnesota manual dexterity test based on the number of seconds. Finally, the relationship of these factors was studied.FINDINGS: Age range of patients in this study was 50-70 years (mean=62.4±7.2 years). The average elapsed time from stroke was 22.3±10.4 months and all of the patients were right dominancy. There was a significant relationship between dexterity with GRIP strength (p=0.000) and pinch strength (p=0.008) in patients. However, no significant relationship was observed between age of patient and the elapsed time from stroke.CONCLUSION: Pinch and GRIP strengths have a significant relationship with dexterity in hemiplegic patients. Hence, any disturbance in dexterity could affect on the function and activity of daily living in this group of patients.

Introduction: Human hand is a complex and fine structure whose function and strength can be affected by even a mild injury. Hand dynamometry is one of the most accepted methods for evaluating the integrity of hand function. Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) is a noninvasive procedure to ensure neuromuscular integrity of the hand. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 39 women with an age ranging from 30 to 60 years who attended the Vahid Electro diagnostic Center (Isfahan-Iran) during the fall of 2009 were studied. Informed consent was signed by all subjects. All participants were asked to perform GRIP and all types of pinch GRIP with a dynamometer. Nerve conduction velocity was conducted for both hands. All data obtained from the dynamometer and NCV were statistically analyzed via Pearson correlation test using SPSS software version16. Results: There were significant differences between sensory and motor NCV of median nerve for Pinch strength (maximum correlation was noted for Motor NCV with Palmar Pinch1, P<0.001, r=0.379) versus GRIP strength (maximum correlation was with Motor NCV, P<0.002, r=0.342). There were significant differences between Median Severity Scale for different types of Pinch strength (max correlation with Palmar Pinch1, P<0.001, r=-0.613), different types of GRIP strength (P<0.001, r=-0.563) and NCV (max correlation with Sensory NCV, P<0.001, r=-0.562) Conclusion: Dynamometer may be a prognostic tool to determine the amount of median nerve involvement since it measures the strength of thenar musculature. Also Median Severity Scale is a good clinical means to prognosticate median sensory and motor NCV.

Background: GRIP strength is an important prerequisite for good performance of the upper limb and also as an indicator of disease activity. Hand strength decrease with trauma, surgery and during inflammatory diseases. Therefore it is important to know factors that increase hand strength. This study was designed to investigate the effect of elbow position on hand strength.Methods: In this survey hand strength was evaluated on right and left hand of normal people (45 women and 55 men) in faculty of rehabilitation. People in this survey didn’t have any neuromuscloskeletal problem. A standard hand dynamometer was used to measure the hand strength in full extension and 90 degrees of elbow flexion. This survey was a descriptive analytic cross sectional study.Results: There was significant different between means of right hand strength in 90 flexion (x=49.08) and full ext of elbow (x=50.41) in males. There was significant different between means of right hand strength in 90 flex (x=28.89) and full ext of elbow (x=30.13) in females. Results indicated that hand strength was significantly higher when the elbow was in full extension. All of these evaluations did on left hand and their results were almost the same.Conclusion: This study shows that various elbow position can change hand strength.the knowledge of how changes in elbow position affect strength of the hand can be used to train patients by therapist. With this knowledge, an individualized program can be designed to train the patient in the specific upper extremity positioning that provides the greatest efficiency to maximize performance. The findings are valuable in the evaluation, and rehabilitation of hand injuries and training patients how to do activity of daily living.

Objective: This survey research investigates the relationship between pencil GRIP and some important factors in students with mental retardation. Method: 126 students with mental retardation (53 girls and 73 boys), ranging from 9 to 19 educating in grades 1st to 5th in two exceptional children schools in Shahr-e Rey, were assessed. Those students having anatomical, neurological, orthopedic, behavioral, severe vision and hearing difficulties were already excluded. A handwriting checklist developed by the researchers was administered. Results: Correlation coefficient showed that there exists a significant positive relationship between pencil GRIP and handwriting (r = 0.381, p<0.0001). No meaningful relationship was observed between pencil GRIP and handwriting speed. Also, no meaningful difference was found between right- or left-handed students, between males and female students, between students with and without Down s syndrome. Conclusion: This study stresses on the corrective treatments for pencil GRIP that may help better handwriting.

Background: The measurement of hand GRIP strength has several clinical applications to evaluate chronic hand disability, response to treatment, and work capacity after hand injury.Methods: We measured hand GRIP strength of 41 adults and compared their maximum strength with radiographic indices.Results: There was a significant relationship between hand GRIP strength and carpal height, third metacarpal and capitate length (All p-values<0.05). Conclusions: In addition to established factors such as sex, upper limb muscle and joint status, wrist radiographic indices are significantly determinants of hand power GRIP.

This study was aimed to assess GRIP strength of elderly people in nursing homes in Tehran. These elderly people were 60 years old or above, with no orthopedic and neurologic problem in upper extremity and they were able to perform basic activities of daily living. 109 elderly people (56 women, 53 men) were selected with stratified sampling design from four areas (North, South, East, West) of Tehran and evaluated by using standard method of hand GRIP strength assessment which was accepted by American Society of Hand Therapist. Average GRIP strength in right hand was 16.55 Kg/cm2 and in left hand 15.21 kg/cm2. Also right and left GRIP strength of men were greater than women (P<0.0001) and this difference was between 49.95-51.27%. In all the elderly, there was a significant difference between right and left hands (P<0.0001) and GRIP strength of right hand was greater than left (difference = 8.1%). In conclusion, with age increase, GRIP strength decreased in both hands and with increase in length and circumference of hands, GRIP strength increased.