This study aimed to examine influences of students' goal preferences and goal structures on their Help-seeking during mathematic problem solving.Two hundred boy students in 8th grade randomly were selected. These students were low, median or high in ability mathematic problem solving.They scored two scenarios about mastery or performance hypothetical classrooms.Then, they solved 6 difficult mathematic problems under mastery or performance conditions. The results showed that: 1) Students in mastery condition, seek more help than those in performance condition. Moreover, the low ability students in performance condition asked less questions than similar peers in mastery condition. This result is in agreement with vulnerability hypothesis and shows that the influence of goal structures depends on students' ability level.2) It revealed that students with high ability followed the more efficiency strategies (hints) than those with low ability.Furthermore, in mastery condition (but not in performance condition) students with low ability, look more at answer sheets than those with high ability.Also low ability group in mastery condition (than those in performance condition) look more at the answer sheets. The evidence is in agreement with vulnerability hypothesis and it is evident that the effect of goal structures depends on students' ability in doing tasks.3) The students have performance preferences, in mastery condition (than similar peers in performance condition) asked more confirmation.

Introduction: In recent decades, self-regulated learning has been identified as an important factor in academic achievement and performance. The aim of this study was to present a causal model for factors affecting self-regulated learning among MSc students of Paramedical Sciences in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the data were collected through a combined questionnaire which was completed by a number of 310 of Paramedical Students. The participants of the study were selected through a multistage method (cluster, stratified and random sampling) in 2018-19 at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. The data were analyzed by path analysis using Amos, Lisrel and SPSS. Results: The results showed that the three endogenous factors (perfectionism, task value, future orientation) had a significant effect on the academic self-regulation in the students. The highest total effect on selfregulation was related to perfectionism and academic self-efficacy (0. 43) among the exogenous variables. Conclusion: Considering the goodness of fit indices and investigation of the model as a whole in the study group, the model had a good fit for the indices and can be used in decision making and policy making.

Various Quranic verses have introduced some components of happiness and in such subjects as refreshment, gift, thanksgiving, contentment, patience, calamity and sedition one can understand the view of the Quran. Happiness includes the three components of contentment in what is the pleasant, lack of negative emotions in the unpleasant and joy in the pleasant and unpleasant. Belief in Divine ownership, patience, belief in destination, true knowledge of this world, reconsidering the gifts, measured management, thanksgiving, to correct assessing privation, knowing true meaning of calamity and helpseeking can be considered as the agants for establishing the first two components. While a complete and essential pleasure given not being of negative consequences are the agants of the third.