The output of a Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (DDSM) is always a periodic signal and the input is constant. A hybrid DDSM is a premiere to its conventional counterpart for having a potential speed, by the choice of its smaller bus. This paper offers an implementation for multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) DDSMs that includes four modulators named hybrid DDSM-1, DDSM-2, DDSM-3, and DDSM-4. Also, it introduces a new solution, where the desired ratio in fractional frequency synthesizers is formed by combining four different modulos. The first stage modulator is a programmable modulus EFM1 and has a modulus M1 that is not a power of 2. The second, third, and fourth stage modulators are modified MASH 1-1, multi-modulus MASH 1-1-1, and the efficiently dithered MASH 1-1-1-1 modulator that has conventional modulus  M2, M3, and M4, respectively. The M1 modulus is optimally selected to synthesize the new structure of the desired frequencies. Design results confirm the suppositional predictions. In addition, the results of the circuit implementation proposed method offer a 17% reduction in hardware complexity.

Given the importance of signal processing in the digital domain, improving the hardware performance of the transmitter-receiver communication systems, especially in the military section, depends on the proper design of the converters that perform the signal conversion from analogue to digital and vice versa. This paper proposes a novel method to improve the modulator speed and resolution in the Sturdy Multi-Stage Noise-Shaping (S-MASH) sigma delta analogue to digital convertor (ADC). Since any stage in the modulator loop of the architecture has unity signal transfer function (Unity-STF), the modulator would be very robust to circuit non-idealities such as finite op-amp gain and coefficient mismatching. Furthermore, the signal processing timing issue in the critical paths of the proposed architecture has been relaxed due to shifting the delay of each stage of the modulator loop filter to its own feedback path. On the other hand, the proposed Unity-STF S-MASH architecture needs fewer active blocks for implementation which makes it suitable for low power, high operation speed applications i. e. communication systems. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed architecture. Since the information processing is an important category in the field of management and crisis prevention, the design would be applicable in the electronic hardware equipment related to this area.

Effect of intermittent mash-pellet feeding programs on broilers performance, ascites susceptibility and economic yield was studied using 480 broilers in six treatments and five replicates of 16 chicks per pen were used in a completely randomized design. Treatments including: 1. Mash feed, 2. Heated-mash feed, 3. Mash feed in starter and grower and pellet feed in finisher, 4. Mash feed in starter and pellet feed in grower and finisher, 5. Pellet feed, 6. Grinded-pellet feed. Pellet feeding increased the feed intake and body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio, although the ascites susceptibility increased (P<0.01). Mash feeds decreased the body weight gain and increased the feed conversion ratio (P<O.OI). Feeding pellet in finisher resulted in the same feed conversion ratio with feeding pellet for whole period or grower and finisher periods, however feed conversion ratio in pellet fed birds was better than mash fed birds (P<0.01). Feeding pellet for whole period is necessary to obtain maximum feed intake and body weight gain. Feeding mash feed in the first four weeks or whole period reduced the ascites susceptibility (P<0.01). The ascites susceptibility increased by increase in pellet feeding length (P<0.01). Feeding pellet diets reduced the feed cost for a kg live weight production and the increased gross profit compared to mash diets (P<0.05). In order to use the benefits of pellet feed and avoid high mortality rates and ascites susceptibility, it is recommended to start with mash feed and fed pellet in growing and finisher periods.

BACKGROUND: The liver and heart are two main damaged organs in ascites syndrome in fast-growing broilers. Using silymarin with a protective effect on the liver and heart may be a beneficial strategy to decrease ascites-induced mortality. OBJECTIVES: The present study assessed the cardiohepatic effects of silymarin in broilers fed on mash and pellet diets by assessing electrocardiographic (ECG) indices and some serum biochemical parameters. METHODS: A total of 120 Arbor Acres chicks were allocated to 6 groups and treated as follows: basal mash diet (CM); basal pellet diet (CP); silymarin at 500 ppm of mash (M500) and pellet diets (P500); and silymarin at 2500 ppm of mash (M2500) and pellet diets (P2500). RESULTS: CP had higher serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) enzymes compared to CM (P<0. 05). P2500 had a higher total protein and lower aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and CK-MB compared to CP (P<0. 05). T-duration, ST-segment, and R-R intervals were longer in CP compared to CM and were shorter in P2500 than in CP and P500 (P<0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The pellet diet led to changes in some biochemical and ECG indices in broilers, and silymarin at the 2500 ppm dose can be used as a hepatoprotective and cardioprotective compound to modulate cardiohepatic failure in susceptible broilers.

Experimental studies to analysis of Iranian prehistoric pottery lead to our more detailed knowledge about its production and distribution. Among these, pottery related to Bakun period during fifth millennium B. C. on the Geographic region of Southern Zagros and Fars province is an important phenomenon to understand the expansion of culture in the Kur River Basin at Central Fars and its dispersal to Northern borderlands on the Semirom district. Typically, this pottery is painted and has buff color paste, which it seems that made with high skill on the complex developed kilns. These wares are quite consistent with clean paste and no visible inclusions, painted in colors ranging from dark red through brown to black in a complex variety of patterns on a smooth surface. Many sherds are slightly green with shiny black paint as a result of over firing. Forms include a range of open ring based or flat based bowls, conical and straight sided beakers, and a variety of pots and storage jars. Based on the importance of materials, we selected 10 pottery sherds from the excavated archaeological site of Tal-e Mash Karim to experimental analysis. Tal-e Mash Karim is located at the Semirom district, Southern Esfahan province, generally linked to archaeological cultures of Fars region. As a result, by the analysis we are going to find pottery making’ s technology of early societies on the one of small intermountain valleys of Zagros during the Middle Bakun (Gap) period (around 4600-4300 B. C. ). Tal-e Mash Karim is a small mound, covering an area of c. 0. 5 ha and rises to a height of c. 2 m from the surrounding land and situated at the altitude of 2360 m above sea level on a highland plain. The excavation was conducted in 2014, involving investigations of three trenches, called A and B, each measuring 5×5 m., comprised the main excavation area of the central part of the mound, while Trench C (2 × 1 m), was opened to test the stratigraphic sequence of A and B. The experiments include two methods (1) Petrography analysis and (2) X-Ray Florescence (XRF) analysis that is delivered to laboratory of Research Center for Conservation of Cultural Relicts (RCCCR). Based on Petrography and also geological studies at Semirom district it could be said that the pottery assemblage of Tal-e Mash Karim has a type of internal and local production that has been assigned to people of these settlement or other sites of this region where is produced the Bakun vessels. Beside the collected painted fine sherds, there are some coarse plain samples with two colors horizontal sections. All samples have greatly blank voids, which are included numerous organic inclusions on the external side of sherd as temper. There are two textures of silty and porphyry. Except the samples of 7 and 8, the results show that the all samples haven’ t firing temperature more than 800 C° . Geological Studies at the Semirom district shows that the sediments and altitudes of this region have the Calcite mineral elements which are visible in the pottery composition. In the samples of 4 and 7, the type of Calcite is Dolomite, which has been eliminated by heat. Thus, dominant phenomenon on the samples is composition of Hydroxide Calcium and Secondary Calcite mineral composition. Based on the XRF analysis, the composition of Calcite mineral elements on the pottery show the lowest amount of Oxide Calcium in samples 8 and 9, while highest amount is occurred in the samples of 10 and 11 that these completely match to Petrography results. The comparison of XRF results of Tal-e Mash Karim with Tappeh RahmatAbad’ s XRF Analysis on the 26 Bakun sherds show that their internal production is accompanied with 950 C° to 1050 C° firing temperature. Consequently, the samples of Tal-e Mash Karim fired at lower amount than Rahmat Abad.

The effect of processing of diet on performance of fattening kurdish lambs were investigated during a period of 90 days using 90 kurdish lambs of 6 months old with an average live weight of 38.36 kg. Based on a completely randomized design lambs were divided to 3 treatment groups (30 lambs/group). Each treatment group divided to 3 subgroup (10 lambs/ subgroup). The dietary treatments were respectively in three different physical forms of pellet (diet 1), mash (diet 2) and control (diet 3). The diets formulated according NRC (2001) and had approximately similar nutrients contents. The dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain ADG were significantly (p<0.05) greater in lambs fed pellet and mash diets than control group. The reverse was found for feed convertion rate (FCR) (p>0.05). The results of economical comparison indicated that lambs fed pellet diet had more benefit than other groups. In general, it is concluded that pellet form of diet had superior effects on performance and net return of fattening Kurdish lambs compared with other forms of diets.

There are few remains of Prehistoric murals in Iran. So, identification of pigments that were used in them is beneficial information for study of Prehistoric painting technology and method of Iran. The present study reports some of the resuls optainted from the application of different analytical techniques to characterize three pigments of Chalcolithic site of Tal-e Mash Karim, Central Iran. The characterization of the studied paintings was carried out by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Identification the main element of calcium and calcite crystal phase represents the white limestone for white coloring. XRD analysis and identification of hematite in red pigment, Indicated of the red ochre. Also, the FTIR analysis of black pigment indicates of application of coal ash in colors.

New Page 1 Introduction and objectives: Since the disease of today are different and changed with those of yesterday from contagious and infectious ones to non- infections, chronic and psychopathies in recent decades and socially depression prevalence as the most common disorder and its effect on social and economical functions of the patients and considering religious and faith role in preventing and treatment of disease and psychosis and the role and effect of the pray as one of the Islam rituals and one of the most priniciples, this survey was done to certify depression rate in those students who do not care about the pray, are do not do it and those who care the most. Methodology: This is a descriptive- analytical study. The samples were 300 from moslem students of paramedical and health students of Mashad university that were selected randomly. To collect the data a questionaire was used that contained demographic information. The students attitudes toward the pray and religious behavior and Bec test was used too. The data was analyzed by spss and other statistical tests. Results: The results showed that depression average ranking is significantly lower in those students who do pray to God and care about them. (p<0/05) . The ladies meaningfully cared more toward the pray than men. Conclusion: Since the results and finding showed that doing pray and caring about them and other Islamic rituals can decrease depression rate, the researchers propose to spread and urge islamic rituals and pray to use it"s effect on physical and mental affairs and reduce depression.