Considering high age of maturation in sturgeon and with respect to absence of morphological differences in male and female individuals, sex discrimination is always difficult in this group of fishes. In this study we used AFLP technique and 100 primer combinations to screen genome of 10 males and 10 females in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). Results showed approximately a total of 3771 scorable bands, of which about 1132 bands were polymorphic and were present in both sexes and none of them was specific. According to the results of present study and other studies, it seems that sex chromosomes are not present in both species or maybe the methods utilized couldn’t recognize them.

Background: Disseminated candidiasis, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, and consumption of widespread antibiotics are predisposing factors of urinary tract infections due to Candida species. The prevalence of nonalbicans species is increasing. The aim of the present study is to identify Candida spp. isolated from candiduria patients in Isfahan, Iran using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method.Methods: The genomic DNA was extracted by fast technology for analysis-card (FTA-card). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 region then PCR products were digested with MspI restriction enzyme. PCR and RFLP products were revealed on 1.5 and 2% agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively.Findings: Out of 3200 urine samples 80 samples with more than 104 CFU/ml were involved in this study. Patients including 4 (5%) were males and 76 patients (95%) were females. Predisposing factors were diabetes (47.5%), urinary tract infection (38.8%) and kidney stone (5.0%). The colony count of 46.3% of the urine samples were with 50´103-99´103 CFU/ml. Candida glabrata was the most prevalent species among isolates (41.3%).Conclusion: Increasing of non-albicans Candida species and drug resistance of isolates are main challenges of Candida infection treatment particularly in patients with diabetes and urinary infections. Identification of Candida species is inevitable for better management of infection.

Genotyping of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) remains a challenge in epidemiology of paratuberculosis even with availability of the traidional molecular techinques such as PFGE, RFLP, SSR and MIRUVNTR assays as MAPs are genetically monomorphic bacteria. In the Iranian environment MAP seems to have extensively scatterd across the country as reports indicating frequent occurrence of the disease in bovine, caprine and ovine populations are now on rise. However, only little is known on population structure of MAP in this country. The few conducted observations are in support of existence of cattle (C) type of MAP with no trace of sheep (S) type isolates ever found. In this work, a recently-developed PCR-based Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) assay concentrating on 13 individual loci across the MAP genome was conducted on a single endogenous Iranian MAP isolate of caprine origin. PCRs were conducted using universal protocol with all amplicons Sanger sequenced in search for target SNPs. An identical pattern of SNPs with that of the MAP K10 laboratory strain was revealed to confirm the identity of this local strain as a cattle type. The Leao’ s SNP analysis is a simple, straightforward assay that if used extensively, we might expect a better understanding of evolutionary scenario behind todays’ epidemiology of paratuberculosis in Iran.

Seed storage proteins of wheat grain are the most effective agents in bread making quality. Suitable dough should have high extensibility; therefore it is necessary to pay more attention to low molecular weight (LMW) due to its role in dough extensibility. Since group B is the most important component of LMW and has the largest allelic variation, the polymorphism of this subunit was studied using ALP molecular marker. On the base of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), six groups of bands varying in length from 450-550bp were detected in using gel electrophoresis, indicating that allele variation in Iranian bread wheat cultivars. Among tested cultivars, the highest allele frequency belonged to r2 with 500bp length and the lowest allelic frequency was belonged to r3 with 470bp length. The results of cluster analysis showed that cultivars are put in three distinct groups. Relationship allelic variation at Glu-B3 and qualitative parameters show that cultivars with soft texture were completely lack of r3 band, whereas the presence of r2 band was quite evident in cultivars with soft texture.

Durum wheat is one of the most important cereals that culture in the West of Iran in farm and dry land from long time. Recently, It was revised because of its high yield, adaptation to drought stress, dry and semidry climate. The study of genetic diversity progreses the program of plant breeding and conservation of germplasm. In this study 79 genotype of indigenous durum wheat from West and Northwest of Iran were used. The population using 10 primer combinations of SSAP analyzed .For determination of genetic diversity between population Na, Ne, H, I, A indices were used. Kermanshah had the most value in all of them, Ilam had the lowest Ne (1.3623) rate and Ardebil had the lowest Na(1.5753), I(.3270), H(.2229) and A(57.53%) value. Dendrogram constructed based on dissimilarity matrix from PopGene software using UPGMA algorithm in NTSYSpc software.

Introduction: To determine the incidence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and It's effect on serum ACE level. Material and method: This prospective analytical study was done on 88 healthy kidney donate. The serum ACE determined by spectophotometric assay and genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Result: 88 healthy individual (70 males: %80 and 18 females: 20%) was selected for the study. Mean age for each genotype were: II=29,88 +/- 8/07, ID=31/04+/- 7/06, DD=29/29+/- 6/82. The frequency of deletion and insertion alleles were 0/48 and 0/51 respectively. Mean serum ACE +/- SD in each genotype were II=32/06+/- 24/2, ID=36/25 +/- 20/87, DD=50/68+/- 24/59.Conclusion: In this study we show the effect of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on the serum ACE level in Iranian people. Frequency of I,D alleles were 51/15% and 48/85% respectively. The mean of serum ACE level in each genotype was lower in female than male but due to small number of females documentation with greater number of cases is recommended. This is the first description of ACE gene polymorphism in Iranian population which can be used as a pilot for future steadies.

Background: ELA2 gene responsible for coding human neutrophil elastase, a powerful serine protease carried by blood neutrophils and capable of destroying most connective tissue proteins. The NE gene consist of 5 exons and 4 introns. Methods: Peripheral blood obtained from healthy individuals. Total RNA was isolated using RNA standard techniques from fresh separated cells by polymorphoprep. RNA was analyzed by employing PCR amplification of reveres transcribed using a total of ten specific primers. We amplified five exon of ELA2 gene separately and sequenced each exon. Mutational analysis was performed by directed capillary sequencing method.Findings: We have found new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in exon II codon 44.It was a silent mutation G to A substitution but no changes in amino acid sequences were seen. The codon sequence was GCG that has changed to GCA.Conclusion: The purpose of SNP detection is mainly recognition of susceptible people to certain diseases and providing suitable drugs based on each person genetic information. SNP information in Iranian patients can be used for analysis of drug response to human diseases.