Essential primary and technical common predications have two meanings equivocally: (1) as a qualification of the subject, (2) as a qualification of the proposition. The meaning which has been proposed by Mulla sadra is the second one and the first meaning, with this title, has gained its common use only after him. To avoid confusing them, one must use each of them in its proper place in every single proposition. The first meaning must be asserted immediately after the subject, since it concerns the concept-referent distinction in the subject. However, the second one must be asserted at the end of the proposition, since both subject and predicate are important in its realization. It shows either they are conceptually the same (conceptual unity) or subject is among the referents of the predicate (extension inclusion). To avoid the contradiction, these two meanings must be mentioned in one proposition simultaneously. For instance, it can be rightly said: “the particular with primary predication is universal with common predication” which means “the concept of the particular is among the referents of universal” or it can be rightly said: “the particular with primary predication is the particular with primary predication” which means “the concept of particular is the same as the particular conceptually”. By distinction between these two kinds of predication, Mulla sadra tries to solve some contradictory (paradoxical) instances and his commentators say explicitly that he has added a unity to the eight unities concerning the conditions of occurrence of a contradiction. However, the unity that can be added to the eight conditions is not only the second meaning of these predications, but both of them. Now, according to the two predications concerning the subject and also proposition (as a whole), as well as the quality of the propositions, i.e. affirmation and negation, we come across eight forms of propositions which two by two are contradictory.

In Organon, Aristotle treats predication exactly like affirmation. There exists no predication which is not affirmative. Negation in Organon is negation to the predication. When a quality is denied of an object, we are not faced with a kind of prediction. This paper attempts to prove that this Aristotelian view will lead to certain paradoxes which cannot be solved or answered through Aristotelian logic. However, finally, we prove that this Aristotelian notion is outright wrong and negative predication does not function like a deadlock in logic and it can be possible. Since, this article employs the method of Obversion and Aristotle defiantly rejects this method, to defend the methodology of this study, this Aristotelian view is analyzed and its falsity is displayed. In brief, the present article has the following claims:1) - Predication and affirmation are not the same and negative predication also exists.2) - Contrary to the views of almost all ancient logicians, Modified affirmative predicates are not really affirmative and they are negative.3) - Obversion, is a true and usable method for the goals of old logic.4) - Existential Import rule is true but incomplete, and its correct form can be as follows: "The attribution of a negative or affirmative judgment is subsidery to its proof." Therefore, any predication whether negative or affirmative cannot be operated on a non- existent entity and therefore negative Proposition with the Empty Subject are on the basis of their subjects false.

On the one hand, in some philosophical writings, an apparently single proposition is regarded as true according to both primary essential predication and common technical predication. For example, the proposition "a particular is particular" is considered as true on both the primary predication and the common predication. On the other hand, absolute non-existent is on one occasion regarded as true, but on other occasion as false according to the primary predication. This apparent incoherence has caused a tangle in explaining the abovementioned predications. Some philosophers consider the difference between subject and predicate as the origin of the contrasts in dispute. Examining the objections of this speculation, the present essay presents a new solution based on distinctions between concept and mental being, and between external extension and mental extension, which completely removes the apparent incoherence.  

The present article first presents the historical roots of the division made between synthetic and analytic propositions by Kant and the one made between primary essential and technical common predications by Mulla Sadra. Taking a comparative perspective, the article then attempts to answer to the following questions: Are the propositions featuring primary essential predication the same as analytic propositions? And are the propositions having common technical predication the same as synthetic propositions. In other words, are these two classifications the same and identical or not?To answer these questions, the aforementioned terms are briefly explained and the two classifications are subsequently compared and contrasted. Finally, the conclusion is made that the two classifications, despite having a lot of similarities are not identical and that the similarities are limited to the general aspects and not the details.

The issue of predication is one of the significant issue of Islamic philosophy that due to its relation with assertive knowledge of man to the outer world is of importance by which we could explain the relation between object and subject, subject and predicate, and knowledge and the known. Unless the predication, which indicates the identity and identification, is not made, it is impossible to set any identification and even any comparison to achieve knowledge. In the present essay the attempt is to treat primary essential predication and common technical predication as viewed by Sadr al-Muta’allehin and Allame Tabatabayee with respect to the reality of predication and its place, and with regard to the distinction between the two, their application is stated and in case of any differences, they are explained.

The problem of cognition or knowledge in comparison with other philosophical issues has a greater importance. Considering the necessity of philosophical and rational endeavor to solve the problems of ontology and the special position of predication in human rational cognition of the outer world, predication is one of the important issues of ontology; For, predication means identity in copula and existence, and it is via predication that we can explain the relationship between subject and object, knowledge and known and subject and predicate.This issue has been investigated in the context of Kant's epistemology, its transcendental analytic par, and categorizing of propositions and judgments.

In this study, the prediction of stock price of some manufactors listed in Tehran stock market and some others, using firefly algorithm has be done.In this study firstly, we used 16 variables for a period of 3 years (1388-1392) to educating the algorithm and after that, we used educated algorithm to predict the stock price of manufactors with 12 variables.the relative fault was calculated for stock prices for before and after prediction. the average of This fault isless than %6 and the result is that the stock price prediction using fire fly algorithm is achievable and possible.

Thermal modeling of an automotive cabin was performed in this paper to predict the inside cabin air temperature. To implement this task, thermal and ventilation loads were estimated and the mass and energy balance conservation equations for dry air and water vapor with considering a new panuneter (air circulation ratio) as well as the balance equations of internal components of a cabin were derived and solved simultaneously. The performance of the proposed thermal modeling of a cabin was compared with the data collected from hot room experimental tests. These tests were run for various design parameters such as evaporating cooling load and cabin size (air volume inside cabin). The comparison of experimental and numerical results showed a good agreement.Parametric analysis with three parameters namely, vehicle speed, number of passengers, and A/C air mass flow rate was performed to investigate the effects of these panuneters on cabin air temperature.

Theory of judgment is a significant problem in contemporary philosophy. Epistemology, logic, semantics and cognitive psychology are important philosophical areas which deal with different faces of the theory of judgment. One of the greatest problems in contemporary Kant Studies concerns Kant’ s theory of judgment. Until 1970, an accepted reading of Kant’ s theory of judgment was widespread among Kant’ s English-speaking interpreters. Since 1970, some scholars began to understand and interpret Kant’ s theory of judgment in a different way. This shift has led to huge and wide interpretivephilosophical discussions among Kant’ s scholars. According to some scholars, traces of two different theories of judgment are found in Kant’ s works: explicit theory of judgment and implicit theory of judgment. In this paper, considering interpretive viewpoints of some of Kant scholars, we contrast these two theories of predication and explicate their differences. Our conclusion is that Kant’ s implicit or hidden theory of judgment is more consistent with Kant’ s works and philosophical views. Moreover, one of the main implications of implicit theory of judgment is that we must interpret Chapter of Schematism and logico-semantic structure of a priori synthetic judgments in a different way.

The level of the Caspian Sea as the world's largest limited river basin is constantly fluctuating. The Importance of forecasting the Caspian Sea water level, in order to few meters fluctuation in recent decades and preventing future loss is considered to be essential. The agentes of water level regulator in Caspian sea are hydro climatology factors such as input series including rivers, rainfall and underground water and output including evaporation and discharge to Ghareboghaz gulf. Statistical techniques were used for modeling processes. Fuzzy techniques were also used for identification of the system and the time series prediction. In this article, a prediction of level fluctuating of this water area was suggested using combination of statistical combining statistical techniques and Fuzzy Systems. The Results of prediction experiments is exerted on the past data and advantage of the proposed method was shown according to the accuracy. Finally a 10-year forecast of the Caspian Sea level was presented.