There is no doubt that family relations are of influence on Iranian Penal Law. But there are certain questions: “are the way in which and the extent to which these relations influence penal rules based on an informed, reasonable approach which is, in turn, founded on scientific principles and in accord to the practical requirements or are they far from a penal-legislative policy and only a translation of juridical sources and foreign laws without an understanding of and taking into account the influence of this point [penal-legislative policy]?” To reply these questions, the author has studies the penal-legislative policy when influenced by family relation from three respects: The extent to which and the way in which family relations influence testimonies of relatives, jurisdiction, execution of religious punishment (hadd) by father and husband, that father is not punished for [crimes he committed toward] his offspring, in terms of correspondence between legal and juridical approaches; Legal corrections stemmed from family relations in elimination of paternal guarantee in quasi intentional murder in punishing those who commit incest, not taking into account RELATIVENESS as a cause to stop prosecution or exempt someone of punishment, change in the structure of paternal relatives [of a murderer], competence of the judicial authority, limitation of the scope of murder in penal cooperation, in terms of a purposeful, sustainable, and wellfounded legal approach toward family relations. The way in which family relations influence cases such as financial interactions, nakedness [in presence of each other], and absence in legal deadlines in terms of similarity between basis and the scope of impact exerted by RELATIVENESS on penal laws.

According to some theories about the nature of moral concepts, these concepts can be included into four categories: objective (external), philosophical, emotional (affective) and constructional (contractual). To solve some of the philosophical problems, Allameh Tabatabai suggests the new theory of constructional perceptions. Dividing the constructions, he considers ethics as a part of the constructional concepts. Some of the features he considers for moral conventions such as RELATIVENESS, originating from the feelings and needs, the lack of truth and falsifiability, etc., puts this theory in close similarity with the theory of moral emotionalism from Ayer, contemporary positivist philosopher. Aside from the commonalities of the two theories, there are fundamental differences between them that should not be ignored, including that by suggesting this view, Ayer seeks to reject the metaphysics, but by suggesting conventions theory (as a whole), Allameh seeks the consolidation of rationalization and philosophical principles.

These days overhead crane is widely used in different industries such as automobile, harbor, navigation and also transportation of tools in storerooms. Most models which are done through industrial dynamic systems include some vitiated parameters with noise and disturbance and overhead crane model is no exception. Disturbance in system can be due to its model or measuring tool. Kalman filter is a practical method in order to recognize the model and also filtration of disordered data. Given that overhead crane is a nonlinear model, asymmetric sigma-point Kalman filter improved by genetic algorithm (GA-ASKF) is intended to estimate system parameters. One of the common ways to controlling overhead crane parameters is using controlling force, Bang-Bang. By the way, function of Bang-Bang controller depends on controlling force switched times. In this paper, besides using this controller, its switched times are found by using genetic algorithm for noisy system. The design aim is to achieve the target point in minimum time with minimum error. Also, by considering Bang-Bang controller entrance part, the article compares the situation of the system in different mass RELATIVENESS. Simulation results shows improved performance of the GA-ASKF algorithm to determine the switching time of controller and also achieve the target point in minimum time.

In this research it has been attempted to identify the hidden concepts and issues in documentaries during two decades before and after Iran Islamic revolution. The purpose of this research is responding to this question: Considering the RELATIVENESS of social matters comparing to the time, what kind of change have happened in people’ s points of view, desirable values and consequently the definition of social problems and issues? The films are analysed with 3 approaches: Functionalism, Conflict, deviation, from another point, the relationship between art and society is important, considering the elements of representation and power and reality. The research methodology is based on qualitative research and utilizing content analysis and narrative analysis with semiology approach. In this research 27 films were surveyed which 13 films are related to before Iran Islamic revolution and 14 films are related to after Iran Islamic revolution. The conclusions indicate that the main similarities researching problems and issue in the two periods are: The problems facing developing societies (poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, population growth, traffic, environment pollution, slum dwelling, shortage of house and hygiene and injustice) and main differences are related to revolutions social effects (dispersed view, ideological opinions) war, relationship between human being and nature and illness. Although regarding typology there are noticeable similarities in problems in the two periods however from different points of view, there are some great differences regarding finding roots, attitudes and tanking actions and finding solutions.

Introduction: Healthy lifestyle is an essential issue and each individual needs a healthy lifestyle throughout his life. The purpose of this study is to identify the lifestyle of the residents in zone 17 of Tehran and issues affecting it. The main reason for applying this study is promoting the quality of life among residents, based on their analysis of socio-economic patterns and participation.Materials and Methods: Participatory approach has been conducted in this qualitative research the methods for collecting data were participatory tools consisting of participatory observation, interview and community group work. Research team was a rapid appraisal team composed of members with different backgrounds and skills of community, organizations and University.Results: Overall local facilities in zone 17 included: companion facilities and city facilities. Results showed that the distribution of resources and facilities was different in different quarters of the zone and people were more interested in companion facilities than city facilities. Most social communication of people was traditional and ethnical which had a direct effect on their health. Also three groups of barriers in establishing healthy lifestyle were found including: wrong personal beliefs, social communication based on relative relationship and talking same language and structural and environmental barriers.Conclusion: Findings showed that most social communication and relationship was based on RELATIVENESS and neighborhood which had a significant effect on people lifestyle. When people participation and communication expands to general population, a good chance for social development will be provided. Also local organizations by using effective education methods can provide people participation in their own health promotion.

The main goal In this paper is to merge fuzzy DEA with Markowitz model to construct optimized portfolio of efficient companies in Tehran bourse. So, first using of DEA we choose efficient companies as efficient group, although we choose two type of efficient companies with adding controlling relative weight constraints for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ), Then, using of Markowitz model with regarding of the level of risk aversion, we construct efficient portfolio from efficient group.The large number of criteria is one of the MCDM model's problems for solving this problem we can use of factor analysis to reduce a complex data set to a lower dimension. In this paper with respect to experts's opinions,firstly the main variables corresponding to company's efficiency were assigned ( 15 financial ratio ) and then using of factor analysis we reduse the number of these variables to eight, after that with adding controlling relative weight constraints to DEA model, we construct efficient groap for two type of investors ( risk aversive & risk taker ). due to RELATIVENESS of risk and return in terms of investors, whit imputing investors to type( risk aversive & risk taker), efficient groaps were constituted. Finaly investor can, with regarding of the level of his risk aversion, using of Markowitz model, construct optimal portfolio from efficient groaps. Though in final step optimal portfolios were choosed from efficient groaps, thus one of the main problem of Markowitz model that is nonregarding other criterion except risk and return, will be soleved.

In the literary tradition of Iran, literary criticism was never conducted in a systematic wayand what remains bearing the title of “ criticism” is mostly the result of the critic’ s impression of the text which, instead of having a scientific approach, relies mostly on their literary taste. Starting from the end of Qajar period and with the various cultural and social developments at the time, criticism also experienced changes and literary critics attempted to involve scientific perspectives in their criticisms more and to avoid impression-based and idiosyncratic criticism. A growing number of press were utilized by literary critics of the time to publish their critical articles. Literary critiques published in the first Iranian press can be classified into three categories, namely theoretical discussions about literary criticism, criticism of a literary genre or trend, and criticism of literary works. In theoretical discussions, the critics elaborated on the literal and terminological definition of literary criticism and its purpose, and, outlining the necessary characteristics of a literary critic, focused on the RELATIVENESS of criticism, explaining its types, and role of the press in promoting literary criticism. In articles that focused on a particular literary genre or trend, criticism of modernists as well as of the research into literary works, and discussion of the nature of poetry and novel are more prominent. In criticisms of literary works, in addition to the content and verbal and literary features of the works, the critics sometimes focused on the moral and personal characteristics of the authors as well.

Background: Critical thinking and learning are interrelated. Critical thinking can increase the ability of nurses to make thoughtful decisions. Therefore, its measurement with valid and reliable tools is essential.Purpose: This study was performed in nursing, midwifery and occupational therapy students of Medical Universities in Tehran to translate make fluent and measure the content validity index and reliability of "California Critical Thinking Skills Test."Methods: Face validity was identified through translating the test by the researchers and two Farsi and English professors. Then, the translation was evaluated by 13 faculty members of Tehran and Shaheed Beheshti Nursing and Midwifery Colleges and 6 selected students of each discipline. Content validity was determined in three domains including RELATIVENESS, clarity and simplicity.Reliability of the tool was identified by internal reliability of subscales and external reliability. The former was calculated by measuring the correlation of each question with total score of the test and the latter was identified by test retest method in 16 students with a 2-weeks interval to measure coefficient of correlation between the responses.Results: Findings showed the range of content validity between %80 and %96.87, denoting a proper amount. Coefficients of correlation for each subscale were 0.71 for analysis, 0.77 for evaluation, 0.71 for inference, 0.77 for inductive reasoning, and 0.71 for deductive reasoning. These indicated a positive and significant correlation of subscales with one another as well as with the total score of the test (r=0.86). The correlation between test-retest results was 0.90 with Kappa coefficient equal to 0.81.Conclusion: Findings showed a proper validity and reliability of the test. Further measurements of other types of validity such as concurrent validity are suggested.

Mullā Ṣadrā’s most famous reason to prove the substantial movement (al-ḥarakat al-juharīyyah) is the one that persists in the existence of a special relation between the accident and the substance and is explained by such expressions as the accident’s being subordinate (tābiʿīyyah) to, caused by, inseparable from, and an affair (shaʾn) of the substance: since the accidents are subordinate to the substance, so they must be subordinate to it in their movement too. Thus, the substance moves a fortiori. Such proofs are comprehensively evaluated and criticized in this paper. According to the substantial rest critique, the accidental rest too is evidence of the substantial rest and the substance must contradictorily be both moving and in rest. In addition, since all material substances are not proved to actually move, the universal substantial movements cannot be proved. In the not being causal relation between the substance and the accident critique, the claim that the accident and the accidental movement are effects, affairs and existence manners of the substance is criticized by means of several proofs and counterexamples. Again, the critique of the existence unity in the essence and its accidents questions the movement of the substance existence to be proved. In proving the substantial movement by means of the subordination and of the RELATIVENESS of movement critique, it is shown that Ṣadrā has incorrectly generalized the rule that the correlatives are equal counterparts (mutakāfiʾān). So, the difficulty of the coexistence of the substance and the relation accident and the difficulty of the presence of one unique thing in the essences of two different objects are appeared and such strange things as the substantial redness is proved if this substantial movement proof is correct.

Value at Risk (VaR) is the maximum loss which could be incurred within a given time horizon, except for a small percentage, that its application has sharply increased after the 90s. Parallel to the increase in usage of value-at-risk in risk management areas, validation of VaR measures has gain great importance. In prevalent back testing approaches, returns which are yielded from VaR estimators are not regarded as a criterion. It's may not be desirable for the investors who emphasize on return more than the risk. What distinguishes this study from other researches in the field of back testing VaR estimation models is the simultaneous consideration of actual return and loss(CVaR) which were yielded from VaR estimators as criteria of risk and return that are the primary basis for financial studies. On the other hand, due to RELATIVENESS of risk and return in terms of investors, we considered the weight of these two indexes as fuzzy. In this paper, we constitute and optimize our risky portfolio with safety-first investor's rule. We need to estimate quantile of risky portfolio's return in objective function of safety-first investor's rule to optimize the portfolio. VaR estimators were used to calculate it. On the other hand, given the non- convexity of VaR function and also other reasons, we applied one of the most popular meta-heuristic models namely genetic algorithms for optimization. Our findings show that GEV and HS models are more conservative than parametric models (t-student and normal) and also have better performance in portfolio optimization. The empirical findings also indicate that safety-first investor will choose significantly different amounts of borrowing. Thus, the scale of the risky portfolio and the amount borrowed is diverse across methods. There is another interesting finding. Despite the computational simplicity of historical simulation method, it has shown the best performance of all.