bidding is a strategic decision that helps contractor firms to survive. Traditionally, bidding behaviors are highly unstructured in construction companies. This paper discusses the issues involved in evaluating a tender to assist the managers of a firm in making reliable and sound decisions. The emphasis of the work is on developing a logical decision making framework that covers organizational, environmental, risk y and financial considerations.The model takes advantage of well-known decision making methods such as the analytical hierarchy process and the simple additive weighting. The model’s input would be the linguistic description of each project’s value with respect to the decision criteria, and the output would be the value of each project proposed to decision makers considering its correlation with existing projects. By means of a case study, the model has been implemented. The proposed decision making model is found to yield substantially improved solutions when large size contractors are concerned.

Background: Most of colorectal cancers arise from intestinal polyps. Evaluating of the expression level of genes that are involved in tumors growth and development, may consider as diagnostic factor of malignancy in the polyps. Failure of apoptosis is one of the causes of cancers. One of the key molecules in this pathway is bid gene which connects the extrinsic to the intrinsic apoptosis pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the quantitative expression of bid gene in colorectal adenomatous polyps compared to control group.Methods: The investigated population was chosen from the cases with colonic polyps that referred to the Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from April 2014 to May 2016.22 biopsy samples from patients with adenomatous polyps and 10 samples from healthy individuals as control group were selected. Demographic and clinical properties were collected from patients' files. Thebid gene expression was evaluated using Real-time PCR by ABI 7500 (Applied Biosystems Inc., Foster City, CA, USA). Results were analyzed by the ABI 7500 system SDS version 2.3 and Graph Pad Prism, version 5 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). the expression changes of the intended gene in target groups were compared with the normal tissues using the 2-DDCT equation.Results: Based on the quantitative real-time PCR, the gene expression of bid gene significantly increased in adenomatous polyps in comparison with the control group (healthy individuals) (RQ>2). Also, polyps were seen in ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and rectum showed increased expression compared to control group, but in the sigmoid section of the intestine, there was no change in expression of bidgene compared to control group.Conclusion: According to the present study, the expression of bid gene increased in adenomatous polyps, compared with the normal tissue (healthy group). It suggests that bidgene by increasing the expression in response to the onset of dysplasia and disruption of the apoptotic cycle, it tries to compensate for the apoptosis.

From many years ago, Shopping areas in down town have been most important factor of dynamism in these centers. They now face multiple problems such as economic decline, low purchasing power and lack of infrastructure investment. Down town revitalization as the beating heart of cities in the world plays a vital role to improve the quality of life for resident.Suburbanization growth in recent decades caused transmission business from down town to suburbs and weaken and destroy the social life in down town. Urban planners and city managers in recent decades have offered a variety of mechanisms to restore life to down town. bid is one way to reconstruction down town with an economic approach. This method is trying to provide services to residential and commercial areas by economic growth and tax calculation. This method will revive economic reform in down town. Business improvement districts (bids) are self-assessment system to improve the economic situation in down towns. First, in 60th and 70th decades this system has been test in American and Canadian cities.bid organization with public funding and private management is trying to provide complementary services for its area. bids by public - private partnership will enhance quality of life in down towns. In response to sprawl andwhereas dynamic business centers are necessary for quality of social life in the cities, down town revitalization is head of urban management policies.The Business Improvement District is a public and private partnership in which property and business owners elect to make a collective contribution to the maintenance, development and promotion of their commercial district. The bid is set in an urban context but can also be adapted to village in any urban agglomeration. Multiple property owners agree to the extra fee (assessment) to undertake management and development of the bid area. The bid improves the commercial climate and economic vitality of commercial district by addressing capital improvement, service delivery, advocacy and promotional activities.The Business Improvement District is a publicly sanctioned, privately managed organization that supplements public services to improve geographically defined retail and commercial areas. The bid organizations are based on a self-help doctrine, which provides for financing its multi-year operations through self-taxing mechanisms authorized by the municipality’s legislative body. Its purpose is to improve the business climate and economic vitality of commercial areas. The bid represents a partnership between property owners, shopkeepers and Municipal Corporation and urban agglomeration.The bids are distinguished by two factors: public financing and private management. A unique feature of the bid is the agreement between the municipalities and local participating business districts to share the costs of physical improvements within the bid area. Additionally, the merchants and property owners become responsible for financing the operations of the bid organization, maintaining improvements, and managing ongoing promotions and marketing activities. The result is a permanent partnership between the city and its merchants, other business people and property.This article indicates to review the descriptive literature and comparative analysis of samples of successful case study, introduce bid as an effective mechanism to restore economic and social life to down town.

In recent years, Islamic finance instruments have remarkably developed in Iran’ s capital market. One of the most common developed instruments in this area is salaf sukuk. This instrument has been issued by using different operational models and maturity and settlement of the price in maturity. One fundamental problem we face is the vast issuance and expansion of salaf sukuk market, observance of the market price and correct evaluation of that. This article has used binomial tree method logic as an accepted valuation method in conventional finance to evaluate and price salaf sukuk. In this article, we introduce the general model of salaf sukuk with embedded call and put options and without embedded option. And then after the presentation of operational models of this sukuk, and using binomial tree valuation method, we design a pricing model for this sukuk with and without embedded call and put options. In this model, we price the sukuk by predicting the price of underlying asset in maturity and discount them. In the second model that contains embedded call and put option, we price the sukuk by predicting the price of underlying asset in maturity and evaluate the exercising or not exercising the options, predict the option value in maturity and then discount them.

The effect of financial information on stock market behavior is a central issue of research in accounting and finance. A large number of studies investigate the effect of financial information on stock prices and investment decisions. The need to understand and measure the determinants of market makers bid-ask spreads is crucial in evaluating the competing market structure. In this paper after a brief review of literature, we investigate the bid-ask spread that accounts for the effects of order processing costs, inventory holding costs, adverse selection, competition and the difference in expectations.