Background: The dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) encourages high fruit, vegetable, and lean protein consumption and low salt, red meat, and fat intake to prevent or treat hypertension. However, besides hypertension, adherence to this diet has been shown to decrease other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study assessed the relationship between the DASH diet and cardiovascular risk factors in a cross‑, sectional study of 2, 831 adults chosen by multistage cluster sampling from 27 counties of Khuzestan province, Iran. DASH scores were calculated using data obtained from a qualitative food frequency questionnaire. Regression models were used to evaluate the association of DASH scores and common cardiovascular risk factors. Results: Significant trends were observed across quintiles of DASH scores for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and its components (p < 0·, 05). After adjusting for potential confounders such as sex, age, ethnicity, residence, wealth score, physical activity, energy intake, and family history of heart disease, the multiple regression analysis for each cardiovascular risk factor revealed that being in the highest quintile of total DASH score (OR = 0. 72, 95% CI 0. 52–, 0. 99) was negatively associated with hyperglycemia. Conclusions: This study showed a positive relationship between DASH diet adherence and lower serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: pre-hypertension is a common worldwide disease in 30-50% of the studied population. Diet compliance among pre-hypertensions is one of the most important changes in lifestyle. This study aims to determine compliance dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) among pre-hypertensions. Methods: This cross-sectional study in 2017, using a cluster sampling method, 165 pre-hypertensive patients referred to health centers of Ferdows were surveyed. The data gathering tool was a threeday food inventory questionnaire. Information about the nutrition program was obtained using N4 software and data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and descriptive and analytic tests. The diet was measured by using a three-day dietary questionnaire. In order to analyze the data the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the N4 software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and covariance. Results: The average Dash diet compliance was 24. 21± 4. 4. The mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were Respectively 133± 9. 8, 82 ± 11. Compliance with the diet was accompanied by an increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, beans, Nuts and reduced sodium intake Sweet drinks, and red meat and processed. There was a significant difference between the components of the diet plan and the score of the diet plan. Conclusion: Considering the importance of following a diet plan to prevent high blood pressure and its moderate follow-up among pre-hypertensive individuals, it is suggested that theoreticallyfocused interventions be designed to increase compliance with the diet.

Introduction: This study aims at determining the effects of the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on metabolic risks, in patients with metabolic syndrome. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized controlled outpatient trial conducted on 116 patients with metabolic syndrome. Three diets were prescribed for 6 months; a control diet, a weight reducing diet emphasizing on healthy food choice, and the DASH diet with reduced in calories and increased in fruit, vegetables, low fat dairies, whole grain and reduced in saturated fat, total fat, cholesterol and restricted to 2400 mg Na. The main outcome measures were the components of the metabolic syndrome. Results: Relative to the control diet, the DASH diet resulted in higher HDL (7 and 10 mg/dL), lower TG (-18 and -14 mg/dL), SBP (-12 and -11 mmHg), DBP (-6 and -7 mmHg), weight (-16,-14 Kg), FBS (-15 and -8 mg/dL), and weight (-16 and -15 kg), among men and women respectively. (all P<0.001). The net reduction among men and women in TG (-17 and -18 mg/dL), SBP (-11 and -11 mmHg), DBP (-5 and -6 mmHg) and FBS (-4 and -6 mg/dL), weight (-16,-15Kg) and increase in HDL (5 and 10 mg/dL) was higher in the DASH group (all p<0.05).The weight reducing diet resulted in significant change in TG(-13 and -10 mg/dL), SBP (-6 and -6 mmHg), weight (-13 and -12 kg) among men and women, respectively (all p<0.05). Conclusions: The DASH diet can likely reduce most of the metabolic risks both in men and women; the related mechanisms need further study.

"Dash Akol" is one of the famous stories of Sadegh Hedayat (1902-1951). This work is considered alongside "The Blind Owl" (1936), as the most famous fictional works of Hedayat. The hero himself, the most personified fictional character of his stories, is also known as the entire contemporary Persian fiction literature. This story is the story of one of the people in Shiraz, whose name is "Dash Akol". The present discussion is organized in pursuit of two goals: First, to collect the scattered narratives about the personality of "Dash Akol", which includes the written and oral narratives common among the people of Shiraz. Second: categorizing these narrations and trying to reach his external and historical personality and clarifying the point that Sadegh Hedayat has been inspired and influenced by various historical narrations and personalities in processing his story. Regarding the historical figure of Dash Akol, in general, three categories of narratives (and analysis) can be seen, two of which are the main narratives and one is an individual narrative. The authors of this speech believe that "Dash Akol" by Sadegh Hedayat is a combination of the characters of the first and second category of narrations, that is, the essence and body of his character is the same as the character of the first category of narrations (Akbar-e Daei Mohammad). Further, his love and death is taken from the life of the second character (Luti Marjan).Introduction:“Dash Akol”, one of the famous stories by Sadeq Hedayat (1903–1951), tells the tale of a reveler from Shiraz named Dash Akol.This article aims first to gather the scattered narratives about the personality of "Dash Akol," written and oral accounts common among the people of Shiraz. It then seeks to categorize these narratives and, by using various sources, to reconstruct his external and historical identity. The goal is to provide a documented answer to the following question: Was Dash Akol a historical figure with that name in Shiraz, or is Hedayat's "Dash Akol" the same person known locally as "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad" in Shiraz?Methodology:The present discussion has been organized for two purposes: first, to collect the scattered narratives about "Dash Akol", which includes written and oral traditions common among the people of Shiraz. In this research, we have necessarily employed both library and field methods.Our second goal is to categorize these narratives and to determine the external and historical character of Dash Akol. Additionally, we aim to clarify the extent to which Sadeq Hedayat drew inspiration and influence from various historical narratives and characters in developing his story's hero. It is clear that we have benefited from the categorical analysis presented in this section.Results and Discussion:This story is about one of the revelers of Shiraz, named Dash Akol. Although he is considered one of the city's rough crowd, he is well-known among the people of Shiraz for his friendliness. He is regarded as the most powerful reveler in the city, and all the revelers and knifemen fear him. In literary research, it is important to always remember the distinction between "fictional reality" and "external or historical reality. In successful works of art and literature that engage with external reality, we encounter "effectiveness" rather than the difference between "documentary" and "story writing". This means that in research concerning historical figures on whom storytellers have expressed opinions, one should not expect to find a person fully depicted by the author in their work. Instead, one should seek the individual or individuals who inspired the author in shaping their fictional character. Regarding the historical figure of Dash Akol, there are generally three categories of narratives and analyses: two main categories and one individual category. The authors of this speech believe that “Dash Akol” by Sadeq Hedayat combines the traits of the characters from the first and second narratives. Specifically, the core personality of Dash Akol aligns with that of the first narrative’s character, while the story of Marjan is derived from the life of the second character. Traditions that equate "Dash Akol" with "Akbar-e Daei-Mohammed," such an interpretation can be inferred, are included in this category. These traditions are the most numerous and widely accepted among the people of Shiraz, especially among the city's elders and wrestlers. "Akbar-e Daei-Mohammed" (Akbar: The son of Daei-Mohammed) is one of the famous Revelers of Shiraz at the end of the Qajar period. Sheikh "Abdul Rasul Nayyer Shirazi" (1890 - 1970) states in the prestigious book "Tohfe Nayyer" (Souvenirs of Nayyer) that Dash Akol is the same as "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad". Ali-Akbar Barzegar (born in 1953) believes that "Dash Akol" is definitely the same as "Akbar-e Daei-Mohammed".  He has recounted two anecdotes from his old friend, Javad Nemat Elahi (1943–2010), a dervish of the Safi-Alishahi order and known to Qutbit, to support this point. Mohammad Yusuf Nayyeri (born 1954), a professor of Persian language and literature at Shiraz University and the nephew of Abdul Rasul Nayyer, also believes that Dash Akol is Akbar. Abdul Ali Dastgheib (born 1931), a well-known critic and translator, shares the view that Dash Akol is the same person as Akbar Daei Mohammad. Majid Hemmati (born 1946) is a grocer and one of the dervishes of Munes-Ali-Shahi. In his account of the death of "Dash Akol," refers to a figure he calls "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad, Seyyed Fakhroddin Azhdarikhah (born 1977) is a scholar specializing in athletic culture in Shiraz. In a chapter of his book, "Two Immortal Legacies: Zurkhaneh and Athletic Show", he highlights the unity between two characters, "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad" and "Dash Akol". Ahmad Hojjati (1930–2005) was a contemporary poet known for his works on chivalry. His house was a gathering place for poets of both classical and modern southern literature. Hassan Emdad (1921–2010), a historian and literary researcher, expressed the opinion that: "The personality of "Dash Akol" cannot be compared with "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad". There are also traditions that refer to "Dash Akol" as "The Reveler of Marjan". Ebrahim Golestan (1922–2003), a prominent filmmaker and writer from a distinguished and well-established family in Shiraz, is the narrator of this account. Additionally, some traditions identify "Dash Akol" as "Luti Hossein".Conclusion:In this speech, we narrated and analyzed three categories of traditions concerning the historical figure "Dash Akol". By examining and comparing the characteristics of Hedayat's "Dash Akol" with those found in the first group of narrations about the reveler known as "Akbar-e Daei Mohammad", it became clear that the entire personality of Hedayat's "Dash Akol" was constructed and developed based on this individual and inspired by him. The nickname "Dash Akol" (pronounced is one of this person's most famous names and means "The Bro with cut wrists and hands". The story of Hedayat's "Dash Akol" and his love for his death, is actually derived from the life of another Luti, whom we call "Marjan's Reveler". The third-class narrative has no connection to Hedayat's "Dash Akol" and, therefore, cannot be considered in this context. It is clear that Sadeq Hedayat took into account the external (historical) aspects in his portrayal of the story's hero, who was not without a real-life counterpart. However, in accordance with the demands of his creativity, Hedayat adapted these elements and crafted his own fictional hero.

Western part of the Zanjan province in North West of Iran, is mountainous region with a relatively high mountains and the valleys between them. On the slop of one height in this region, and on the wall surfaces of rock shelters that called Agh Dash, Interesting designs is painted. The Agh Dash paintings which are the only Identified pictographs in North West of Iran, from the view point of variety of subject matters and Somewhat difference from the other rock paintings of Iran, has great importance in the study of rock arts. Subject of most designs are geometric motifs which are painted in a variety of shapes. Also human, animal, and botanical designs are the other subjects in the Agh Dash complexes. Because of the similarity between geometric painting of Agh dash and geometric patterns of chalcolithic period potteries in central, west and north of Iran, it is likely that the paintings of Agh dash date back to chalcolithic times.

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders occur predominantly in the upper limbs and cause disability. When it comes to the perception of people for their abilities, Questionnaires are useful and valuable tools. Questionnaires can be used to measure the symptoms of disease and disability. We decided to evaluate the correlation result of the NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand) with the DASH questionnaire. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive-analytic and cross-sectional one and was carried out among 82 female assembly workers. To evaluate the correlation result of the NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand) with the DASH questionnaire, chi squire and spearman have been used. Data analysis was carried out by using SPSS 20. It is noteworthy to mention that a P-value <0. 05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, the results of the DASH questionnaire with the studied variables were similar to the results of the NORDIC questionnaire (wrist & hand). Moreover, in the majority of questions, there was a significant relationship between the two questionnaires (P value <0. 05). The average score of DASH was obtained at 19. 65 ±,14. 85 and 65. 9% of the people had a mild upper limb. Moreover, 76. 8% of the participants had distress in the wrists area, among which, 46. 3% had mild discomfort. Conclusion: According to the results the DASH questionnaire is a useful tool for industrial and occupational issues. Therefore, due to the high relationship between the two questionnaires, the DASH questionnaire could be used instead of the Nordic Questionnaire (Wrist and Hand).

Background and objective: During the past decades obesity and obesity-related co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases, have become global epidemics with incresing trends. Earlier studies have shown that adherence to the dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) diet favorably affects weight control.The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adherence to the DASH diet and obesity among female-nurses in the City of Isfahan, Iran.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 420 female-nurses with a mean age of 34 years (SD 0.41) working in the City of Isfahan hospitals, selected by the multistage cluster random sampling method. Adherence to the DASH diet (in the previous year) was assessed using a validated special food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). A DASH score based on 8 food and nutrient components (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, low- fat dairy, red and processed meats, sweetened beverages, and sodium) was calculated. In a DASH diet pattern high intakes of the first five groups and low intakes of meat, sweetened beverages and salt are desirable. First the participants were classified based on quartile categories of their intakes of these components. The scores were then summed up to construct the overall DASH score that ranged from 8 to 32. Data on lifestyle, socioeconomic status and medical information were collected using a questionnaire. To compare general characteristics and the DASH scores across quartiles, we used the 1-way ANOVA and chi-square tests after adjusting for age and energy intake.Results: Increased adherence to the DASH diet was associated with older age (P<0.01) and lower waist circumference (P=0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of general obesity between the extreme quartiles of the DASH diet score. Neither was there any association between the DASH diet and obesity after adjustment for age and energy intake and other confounding factors. However, with further adjustment for dietary factors, those in the upper quartile of DASH score were 71% less likely to suffer from general obesity as compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09-0.97). Finally, consumption of the DASH diet was not significantly associated with central obesity, but after adjustment for age and energy intake, the association became significant (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14-0.96).Conclusions: It can be concluded that adherence to the DASH diet is associated with a reduced risk of general obesity. This association remains statistically significant even after adjustment for potential confounding factors.

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating pattern, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and low-fat dairy with a reduced content of sodium, saturated and total fat is introduced as an appropriate diet for hypertension. This eating pattern was basically designed to normalize blood pressure in patients with hypertension, and a large body of data could confirm its beneficial effects on blood pressure level. However, we are going to discuss regarding the other aspects of this diet in the present paper. Some studies have proposed other useful effects of this dietary approach than lowering blood pressure, such like reducing insulin resistance, controlling the fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles which proposing it as a good dietary pattern to prevent CVDs. There are some evidence regarding the effect of DASH-style diet on CVDs or its major subclasses like coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and Heart failure (HF) -in prospective cohorts. A meta analysis also showed the effects of this pattern on the indices of the glycemic control.Epidemiologic data linking adherence to DASH diet and metabolic abnormalities showed that adherence to the DASH eating plan was inversely associated with the odds of MetS and most of its features. Adherence to the DASH diet was inversely related to central obesity in observational studies in Iran. Beyond the beneficial effects of this pattern on metabolic risk factors, DASH is also suitable for gestational diabetes mellitus and even can have a role in the growth of the fetus and may affect pregnancy outcomes. So, we can really emphasis that this kind of diet is suitable for whole life span. Even evidence on the effects of this type of diet on obese children also confirmed the beneficial effects of DASH. Consumption of the DASH eating pattern for 6 weeks could reduce circulating levels of hs-CRP among adolescents with MetS. Based on the existing evidence we can conclude that DASH eating pattern is a good dietary pattern for both controlling the metabolic risk factor and being healthy.