To survey and elaborate on the ends of religious government so as to improve our perception and make a fair judgment of it sounds to be essential. There have been diversity of approaches regarding this issue; Material approach, Expressive approach and eclectic approach are just a few.After examining the above-mentioned approaches, the present article defends the eclectic approach and then elaborates on it by making reference to the holy Quran and Ahlul Bayt’s traditions and finally proves that the religious government seeks after two ends:1. material perfection and 2. Spiritual perfection, which are equally considered as the main ends for religious government; the former is the way to the latter which is counted as the ultimate goal.

Since in post-revolution years the inclination toward traditional forms (types of traditional theater) has increased, some of playwrights have tried to create, by integrating one or more elements in each theater form, their own eclectic form. Quality and quantity of this process is a noteworthy subject in the history and critique of contemporary theatre literature.This study mainly focuses on how plot expression is originated from eclecticism of two different forms, namely Iranian traditional theater form and Western theater one. According to morphology theory of Iranian theater the ninth form, i.e. "eclectic theater", was chosen and analyzed in Iranian plays.The form and content of eclectic plays of 1981-2001, above all, are analyzed; then, after the selection of a considerable number of such works, the concept of "researching criticism" of eclectic form in Iranian theater literature is paid attention to.What, in fact, have motivated us to do research into the eclectic plays were the formal and content elements in Iranian theater forms, especially eclectic one; it is, of course, followed by "researching criticism".eclectic form is an innovation which has provided us with the possibility of progressing and moving forward in the realm of play-writing in Iran, author holds. Being familiar with eclecticism, too, helps the contemporary theater literature in Iran.

The aim of this study is to design a nursing home in District 22 of Tehran using an eclectic architectural approach to meet the psychological, social, and physical needs of the elderly. This applied research adopts a descriptive-analytical method using library, documentary, and field-based data. Theoretical and psychological foundations related to aging and elderly care environments were collected from academic sources. Then, through the analysis of domestic and international case studies and the climatic assessment of District 22, site planning was carried out. A physical program was also developed for 250 residents, covering residential, therapeutic, rehabilitation, administrative, service, and cultural spaces, based on architectural standards. Field analysis and the development of the physical program indicated that eclectic architecture, due to its flexibility in form, color, and stylistic combinations, effectively addresses the multidimensional needs of the elderly. SWOT analysis confirmed that District 22 is climatically and environmentally suitable for such a project. The design of interactive spaces, green areas, integration of nostalgic and modern elements, and spatial variety play a key role in enhancing elderly residents’ sense of safety, independence, social interaction, and quality of life. The results show that using an eclectic architectural approach in nursing home design can promote mental health, increase life expectancy, and reduce social isolation in the elderly. This style allows architects to combine climatic, psychological, and cultural principles to create more humane and adaptive environments.

The notion of culture has been discussed in modern science, but there is no discussion on the cultural issues because modern science claims neutrality. In this article, we show definitions of the concepts of episteme and paradigm, then we show change of paradigm is the cause of episteme changing. We introduce the three significant paradigms of the antique, modern, and post-modern eras and use them to introduce the corresponding epistemes which are "self-centrism", "altruism" and "virtual reality", respectively. In this manuscript, we also will see that cultural issue is a result of thinking contradiction which happens when a paradigm changes more quickly than episteme. This contradictory thinking is a consequence of incompatible mixing of old episteme and new paradigm which can be found in the new civilizational instruments. We show that thinking contradiction causes a kind of self-alienation. Finally, we conclude that the first step to finding a solution for the cultural problems is to recognize this contradiction. Explaining the philosophy of cultural issues is crucial to confront social abnormalities.

The first part of this article argues that eclecticism should be a universal characteristic of all language teaching endeavors, because the two main determiners of teaching methodology are multiple: the brain is multimodal in learning and acquiring and languages are multidimensional and multifunctional in parallel veins. So, while linguistic and neurological phenomena are kaleidoscopic in nature, it is absurd to insist on unimodal presentation and treatment. But, because we do not have a fully-fledged multimodal method of language teaching, the logical conclusion that teachers should commit themselves to the use of multimodal/multimethod teaching boils down, it is claimed, to exploiting the potentiality of several methods of language teaching so that the brain and language are more securely represented.Having hinted at neurological and linguistic research findings and having established that eclecticism and multiplicity is necessary, the article, in the second part, zeros in on one of the learning theories that claim to take multimodality of the brain into account. This part of the article is a report on an analysis done on eight established methods in the light of multiple intelligences theory criteria. The purpose is to show the degree to which each method is multiple and reveal the modality or modalities of learning each method is principally concerned with. The results of the analysis for the state of multiplicity and modality foci of these methods are presented and discussed.

This paper introduces ‘, translational narratology’,(TN) as an eclectic conceptual model for studying translated narrative texts. As a source-based theory, TN investigates the status of three planes of the original narratology in translation: ‘, story’, , ‘, text’, , and ‘, narration’, . In fact, as an eclectic model, TN aims to set a theoretical foundation for both the original narrative texts and their corresponding texts in translation. However, the process for the original writer and the translator is a little bit different: the writer usually begins with the elements of the ‘, story’,plane, and then comes to the elements of ‘, narration’,and ‘, text’,planes, simultaneously,the translator, as a reader, begins with the ‘, text/narration’, , and then comes to the ‘, story’,plane. The former is bottom-up,the latter is top-down. The translator may have nothing to do with the ‘, story’,plane,however, he/she may deal with this plane in the process of reading, understanding, and, preferably, translating. Some theorists postulate that the original narrative models have made no room for the presence of the translator as the main agent of the translated narrative fiction. This paper sets the theoretical scene for the translator’, s discursive presence in the translated narrative texts.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study is to explain the eclectic theory based on the revelation teachings and to study its role and effects in Islamic life style as a fundamental strategy in the way of man's correct behavior development. Method: The present study enjoys a descriptive-analytic research design which draws on library sources on the Quranic and theological definitions of eclectic and selection. Results: The findings of the study show that the eclectic man as a selector is able to develop and strengthen his life style factors such as hope in life, exploring new horizons, social popularity, welfare, Divine compassion and dignity. Conclusion: The authors of the article conclude that the holly Quran by emphasizing on the usage of the word" best" intends to plan a new life style for human being and finding a way out of crisis and complexities of life.