Using a system of axioms among with a modi ed def-inition of boundary on the basis of the intuitionistic fuzzy sets, we formulate an inductive structure for the dimension of fuzzy spaces which has been de ned by Coker. This new de nition of boundary allows to characterize an intuitionistic fuzzy clopen set as a set with zero boundary. Also, some critical properties and applications are established.

Induction is one of the most important methods available to human being for gaining knowledge of the world. This methodology, despite its import and advantages, seems to lack the potential for philosophical certainty. Philosophical certainty is gained only if there were a logical, and thus productive, relation between premises of an argument and its conclusion (the same as in the case of deduction). This is while there is a logical gap between the premises of an induction and its conclusion, leaving them with no productive connection. The question, then, arises as to how one can rely on an induction, and still admit of the fact that its result is not definitive. The author in this article reviews, compares, and bricfly criticizes different attempts at resolving this issue. He juxtaposes the technical term, induction, in the both Islamic and Western intellectual environments to show their divergences and to reveal confusions that have arisen from lack of sensitivity to such differences.

The medical induced consumption as a collection of deviations which holds one common feature namelythe same misuse of authorities and powers for gaining benefits has enjoyed a specific importance both nationally and internationally. Measured and correct reception in relation with such phenomenon involves a comprehensive and at the same time one exact criminal policy that every country must pay attention to it. One of the most important aspects of such criminal policy is the legitimate one that the ranges and limits of such phenomenon and the related crimes are defined and its examples are clarified and then the answers appropriate to them are organized in the same and prior to any subject matter. Furthermore, there is another topic which must be taken into consideration in terms of both origin and nature namely the same common rules and regulations whichare governing the entire crimes and the answers which are monitoring them. The response methods are among the important topics which must be taken into consideration in the criminal policy and for the medical corruptions particularly the induced consumption. The rules which are monitoring the responsible institutions, penal response and also the performer rules at the time of criminal proceedings are all of a great importancein this field. Furthermore, with regards to the transnational featureof drug mafia and the crimes related to it therefore all contrivances which are applied for regulating and arranging the international co-operations are among the constituent componentsof criminal policy in every country. The global society has tried to declare the most drastic actions, measures and programs related to prevent such phenomenon and then create a very effective confrontation with this matter at the national level of countries by utilizing the experience and innovation of different countries and with regards to the prevalence and extentof negative effects of induced consumption. One of the most important methods in this regard is the necessary plan of substituting the generic plan which has specifically taken the topic of medical induced consumption and the required plans for confronting with it including the penal supports into consideration and also has changed to an executive law in the different countries such as America, Canada, European Union and Japan. In this dissertation we have tried to compare the medical induced consumption in Iran's criminal policy with the other countries and then clarify the points of similarities and differences and provide some recommendations to remove the probable gaps in Iran's criminal policy.

Grounded theory strategy is one of the essential strategies in qualitative research: This strategy focuses on an inductive approach rather than a deductive approach as the basis of theorization. Therefore in this article the theoretical basis as well as the performance procedure of this strategy is analyzed through a sample research done about organizational phenomena in the passes to come.  

Introduction: During nephrogenesis, transition of mesenchyme to the epithelium of tubules and glomeruli occurs via the interaction of ureteral bud and metanephric mesenchyme. The distribution pattern of collagen type IV suggests that a regulated balance of activities is required to facilitate migration of the ureteral bud branches into the mesenchyme and to control early extracellular matrix changes during tubulogenesis. We used a specific antibody for tracing collagen type IV basement membrane during renal tubules morphogenesis.Materials and Methods: Twenty female Balb/C mice were divided randomly into 10 groups and were kept until finding vaginal plug was as an indicator of day zero of pregnancy. Twelve pregnant mice were sacrified by cervical dislocation in one of gestational days 13 to 18 and their fetuses were fixed, serially sectioned, and underwent immunohistochemical study for tracing of collagen type IV in basement membrane of glomeruli. The same processes were used for kidneys preparation on postnatal days 5, 10, 15, and 20 in newborns of 2 mothers for each day.Results: Collagen type IV showed weak reaction on day 14 of gestation in tubular basement membrane. The amount of collagen increased continuously until the following days of fetal life and of the first 5 postnatal days in basement membrane. After this period, collagen type IV reaction did not show significant change in newborns.Conclusion: These results indicate that developmental changes in various nephron segments from most immature stages to most differentiated structures are dependent on the collagen type IV expression.