Introduction: Social phobia is an anxiety disorder which can be described as a strong and persisting fear of situations where humiliation or embarrassment may occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of meta-cognitive therapy (MCT) on symptoms of positive meta-cognitive beliefs about worry and low cognitive trust in patients with social phobia disorder (SPD).Method: This semi-experimental study was conducted with pretest-posttest and follow-up design, using control group. From all social phobia disorder (SPD) patients visited in psychology clinics in Shiraz city, south western part of Iran in 2010, 19 patients were selected through the objective sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The social phobia symptoms assessment questionnaire (SPSAQ) and meta-cognitive questionnaire (MCQ) were used as the pre-test measures. The experimental group received 8 weeks of Wells' meta-cognitive therapy sessions. The control group was in the waiting list until end of the follow up. The same measures were used for post-test and follow-up (after 3 months).Results: Since obtaining a higher score in positive meta-cognitive beliefs about worry and low cognitive trust represents severity of the symptoms in patients with social phobia, it can be seen that the mean of posttest and follow up scores in the experimental group is significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The results of analysis of multivariate covariance showed that MCT had a significant effect in reducing the symptoms of positive meta-cognitive beliefs about worry and low cognitive trust in patients with social phobia disorder (p<0.001).Conclusion: This intervention is believed to reduce symptoms of positive meta-cognitive beliefs about worry and low cognitive trust in patients with SPD patients by facilitating transmission from the object mode to the meta-cognitive mode and enhancing the efficient and flexible coping skills.

Introduction: The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of meta-cognitive and drug therapies on meta-cognitive beliefs of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Method: The sample consisted of 60 subjects selected from patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Ardabil City., The subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group. The two techniques used were drug therapy and meta-cognitive therapy. To collect data of Psychological Interview, meta-cognition Questionnaire and obsessive-compulsive Inventory were used in two stages. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.Results: The results showed significant differences between therapeutic groups and control group in variables of meta-cognitive beliefs and obsessive symptoms. Multi- comparison tests revealed that meta-cognitive therapy was more effective in reducing symptoms than drug therapy. Also, meta-cognitive therapy was found to be more effective in modifying dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs than drug therapy.Conclusion: The results provided support for the role of meta-cognitive therapy in reducing obsessive symptoms and modifying dysfunctional meta-cognitive beliefs.

The aim of the present study was to investigate meta-cognitive beliefs in normal and gifted students.60 male students (in 2 groups of 30) were randomly selected. The research hypothesis was this: There is a significant difference in meta-cognitive beliefs between gifted and normal students. To test the research hypothesis, the meta-cognitive questionnaire with 30 questions was administered. The data were analyzed using independent t-test. The results of the study indicated that there is significant difference in meta-cognitive beliefs of gifted and normal students. It was also found that the two groups of students are significantly different with regard to micro-factors of cognitive self-awareness. However, no significant difference was found between the members of the two groups regarding cognitive confidence factors, positive beliefs about anxiety and negative beliefs about uncontrobaility and risk. It seems that due to higher levels of IQ, gifted students are trying to closely control their mental behavior, and as a result of this, enjoy higher standards of self awareness. It seems, however, that the components of positive and negative beliefs as well as cognitive confidence are independent of IQ.

Introduction: the aim of he current study is to investigate Alexithymia and its Relationship with metacognitive beliefs in college students.Method: A sample of 250 students of Guilan University was randomly selected and completed the following questionnaires: meta-cognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), the Alexithymia Questionnaire (TAS-20). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis.Result: the study showed that the Alexithymia positive association with metacognitive beliefs. Gender differences were also significant. Difficulty in metacognitive beliefs & subscals had the highest predictive powers respectively was given with Alexithymia.Conclusion: modification of met cognitive beliefs and maladaptive strategies to control of unwanted thoughts can be useful in prevention of intensifying Alexithymia.

Objective: from a meta-cognitive stand point, psycho-cognitive disorders are concluded by activating of kind of incompatible thoughts that causes to improve meta-cognitive defects and continue of emotions. So, the aim of this research was to investigate the efficacy of meta-cognitive therapy in improving substance abuse patients.Method: this quasi-experimental research was conducted with pre-test, with a follow-up design. Substance abuse disorders patients visited in addictive withdrawal clinics in Esfahan city, 45 patients were selected through the convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into one control and two experimental groups. The craving believes questioner and substance-related believes questioner were used as pre-test measures. The experimental groups received 8 metacognitive therapy sessions in groups, while the control group received no treatment, at the end of sessions post-test was measured by the same questioners and the data were analyzed via multivariate covariance statistic method.Findings: The results of the analysis of multivariate covariance showed that MCT had a significant effect in reducing craving and substance-related believes.Conclusion: By the result of this research, the effect of metacognitive therapy is confirmed in improving of craving and substance-related believes as two predictive factors of inclining to use of substances.

Aim and Background: meta-cognitive therapy is based on the principle that meta-cognitive is very important for understanding the way of cognition function and the way of producing our conscious experience about ourselves and the world around us. In This research it has been tried to study the effectiveness of this kind of treatment in improving depression patients.Methods and Materials: This clinical-experimental study was carried out on 3 patients referring to Tabriz University Consulting Centers in the framework of single case by using multiple-baselines in 8 sessions with follow-up at 1 and 3 months. Instruments were included BDI, MCQ, PBRS and NBRS.Findings: Treatment created considerable changes in depression symptoms and meta-cognitive beliefs of depressed patients and improved the symptoms of all three patients and the results of Treatment continued up to follow-up period.Conclusions: Result of this research showed, meta-cognitive therapy that focuses on controlling of cognitive process instead of cognitive content of cognitive processes can be effective in treatment of patient with major depression (Reduction in Rumination and Worry).

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of meta cognitive Therapy in the level change of negative and positive meta cognitive beliefs and body image concern (BICI) of depressed female high school students in Khorramabad. This research was quasi-experimental with pretest - posttest and control group. The sample consisted of 40 subjects with depression selected fromamong female high school students in Khorramabad, and randomly assigned to an experimental group (meta cognitive Therapy) and a control group. the experimental group in Intervention stage received 9 sessions of 2 hours of meta cognitive Therapy. During this period, the control group received no intervention.To collect the data, Body Image Scale (BII) of Fisher (1979), Beck Depression scale (1988) and metacognitive beliefs of Welles and katrait - Hutton (2004), in the pre-test and post-test for both experimental and control groups were used. The research data were analyzed using spss 21 software (SPSS.21) and conducting ANCOVA. The covariance analysis showed significant differences between the two groups. The results showed that meta cognitive Therapy in reducing body image concern (BICI) and negative beliefs as well as increasing positive beliefs is effective.

Introduction: The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of meta-cognitive intervention, along with Meichenbaum’s self-instructional approach, in the reduction of meta-cognitive beliefs of students suffering from test anxiety.Materials & methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test scheme and control group. The statistical population consists of all female students with test anxiety from public high-schools in the city of Ilam and in the academic year 2014-2015. First, one of the girls' high schools in the city of Ilam was randomly chosen and the anxiety test was performed for 500 students. Then, 45 students who were diagnosed with test anxiety, were randomly distributed in two test and one control group. 8 sessions of therapeutic interventions was performed on the test groups, while the control group didn’t receive any intervention. Spielberger’s anxiety test and Wels’s meta- cognitive belief test was performed in order to identify people with test anxiety and to assess meta-cognitive beliefs, respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.Findings: The obtained results indicate that meta-cognitive therapy has been more effective compared to self-instructional and the control group in terms of the following components: “positive beliefs about worry”, “need for control”, and “negative beliefs about uncontrollability and danger of worry”, and no significant difference was observed between the self-instructional and control groups.Also,meta-cognitive therapy and self-instructional groups were more effective than the control group in terms of “cognitive self-consciousness”.Discussion & Conclusions: meta-cognitive therapy can be used to reduce meta-cognitive beliefs in people with test anxiety.