The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was originally isolated from the Jellyfish Aequorea Victoria that fluoresces green when exposed to blue light. GFP protein is composed of 238 amino acids with the molecular mass of 26.9 kD. The GFP gene is frequently used in cellular and molecular biology as a reporter gene. To date, many bacterial, yeast , fungal, plants, fly and mammalian cells, including human, have been created which express GFP. Martin Chalfie, Osamu Shimomura, and Roger Tsien were awarded the 2008 noble prize in chemistry for their discovery and development of GFP. In many studies on mammalian cells, GFP gene is introduced into cells using vectorbased systems or a recombinant virus to track the location of a target protein or to study the expression level of the gene of interest, but in these studies there is no selection marker to normalize transfection. According to the importance of neomycin gene as a selection marker in mammalian cells, we aimed to produce a GFP expression vector that contains neomycin gene. GFP gene was separated from pEGFP-N1 vector and was inserted in the backbone of pCDNA3.1/His/LacZ vector that contained the neomycin gene. The resulted vector contained GFP beside neomycin gene.

Background: Acute otitis externa (AOE) is a common condition with multiple available treatments. This study aimed to compare gauze strips soaked in triamcinolone, neomycin, and nystatin with conventional eardrops for the treatment of AOE. Methods: This experimental study included patients with AOE referred to the Otolaryngology Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Bandar Abbas, Iran, 2014-2015. Based on their signs and symptoms, patients were divided into two clinical groups of mild to moderate and moderate to severe AOE. Patients treated with polymyxin B, neomycin, and hydrocortisone (polymyxin NH), or ciprofloxacin plus betamethasone eardrops were regarded as controls (conventional eardrops), and those whose ear canal had been filled with a gauze strip soaked in triamcinolone, neomycin, and nystatin (triamcinolone NN) were regarded as cases. Results: A total of 76 ears were included in this study (36 and 40 cases with mild to moderate and moderate to severe AOE, respectively). After 24 hours, in both clinical groups with mild to moderate and moderate to severe AOE, response to treatment with triamcinolone NN-soaked gauze strips was significantly higher than conventional eardrops (94. 4% vs. 11. 1%, P < 0. 001 and 80% vs. 10%, P < 0. 001, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with mild to severe AOE appear to rapidly respond to gauze strips soaked in triamcinolone, neomycin, and nystatin.

Background and aims: Bacterial infection is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory non-allergic rhinitis (NAR), and a broad-spectrum antibiotic should reduce the severity of the disease by eliminating the mucosal biofilm. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of a topical mixture of polymyxin, neomycin, and hydrocortisone in patients with NAR Materials and Methods: This double-blind phase 3 randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients with non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) in Mashhad, Iran. The subjects experienced symptoms for more than two weeks, and the pretrial course of topical corticosteroids was ineffective. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving polymyxin NH, hydrocortisone, or saline. The drug was administered as nasal drops three times daily for a treatment course of two weeks, and the containers were identical. The primary outcome was nasal obstruction. Results: The pretrial comparison showed no significant difference between groups in terms of clinical findings. However, after the trial, nasal obstruction, as the primary outcome, significantly decreased from 20 subjects (66%) to 7 subjects (23%) in the Polymyxin NH group, along with other secondary outcomes, including palatal itching (56% to 23%), sneezing (76% to 40%), mucosal inflammation (100% to 75%), post-nasal drip (PND) (96% to 63%), and concha swelling (96% to 73%). In the other groups, sneezing was the only significant improvement observed in the saline group. Cytology of nasal discharge showed a reduction in nasal neutrophil counts in the Polymyxin NH group (68±16. 7% to 46±27. 6%) compared to the hydrocortisone and saline-treated groups. Conclusions: Topical intranasal polymyxin NH is effective in treating patients with non-allergic rhinitis.

Introduction: The interactions between biomacromolecules such as serum albumin (SA) and various drugs have attracted increasing research attention in recent years. However, the study of SA with those drugs that have relatively high hydrophilicity and a lower affinity for SA could be a challenging issue. At the present study, the interaction of bovine SA (BSA) with neomycin as a hydrophilic drug has been investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular docking methods.Methods: BSA was immobilized on the carboxymethyl dextran hydrogel sensor chip after activation of carboxylic groups through NHS/EDC and, then, the neomycin interaction with BSA at different concentrations (1-128 mM) was investigated.Results: Dose-response sensorgrams of BSA upon increasing concentration of neomycin has been shown through SPR analysis. The small KD value (4.96 e-7 at 40oC) demonstrated high affinity of neomycin to BSA. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated through van’t Hoff equation at 4 different temperatures. The results showed that neomycin interacts with BSA via Van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds and increase of KD with temperature rising indicated that the binding process was entropy driven. Molecular docking study confirmed that hydrogen bond was the major intermolecular force stabilizing neomycin-BSA complex.Conclusion: The attained results showed that neomycin molecules can efficiently distribute within the body after interaction with BSA in spite of having hydrophilic properties. Besides, SPR can be considered as a useful instrument for study of the interaction of hydrophilic drugs with SA.