کنفرانس بین المللی توسعه پایدار و عمران شهری
سال:1394 | دوره:6 |تعداد مقالات:38

URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IS AS ONE OF THE HUMAN ASPIRATIONS IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM IN WHICH COMPREHENSIVE AND PUBLIC AND ALSO SATISFACTORY OF CITIZENS IS ONE OF THE MAJOR TOPICS. DISPLACEMENT AND MOTION HAS BEEN AS BASIC REQUIREMENT OF HUMAN LIVING IN ALL OF AGES AND ALSO TODAY DESPITE WHOLE OF ELECTRONIC DEVELOPMENT IN CYBER SPACE MOTION CONSIDER AS A INDISTINGUISHABLE SECTION OF LIFE. IN THIS ARTICLE THE SATISFACTORY OF PASSENGERS FROM BRT SYSTEMS HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED IN THE FORM OF QUESTIONNAIRE. ACCORDING TO THIS, THE STUDY METHOD IS DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC WHICH IS USED FROM INSTRUMENTS SUCH QUESTIONNAIRE, OBSERVATION (COOPERATION) AND DOCUMENTARY STUDY. ALSO STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES SUCH AS FACTOR ANALYZE AND REGRESSION AND OTHER TECHNIQUES ARE USED TO DATA ANALYZE. RESULT OF RESEARCH SHOWS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 4 FACTORS IN SATISFACTORY OF BRT SYSTEM. BASIC EXTRACTED FACTORS IS CONSIST OF SERVICES, VELOCITY, BEHAVIOR AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF BUSES. AS FINAL RESULT ONE CAN POINT TO IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL DIMENSION AND ATTENTION TO BENEFICIARIES ATTITUDE OF THIS SYSTEMS. INDEED SEQUENCE OF OPTIMIZED FUNCTIONS OF EACH SYSTEM LIKE BRT IS NEEDFUL TO A REVIEW IN ITS DIMENSION IN FORM OF SATISFACTORY EVOLUTION. ACCORDING TO EXTRACTED RESULTS OF THIS ARTICLE ONE CAN SAY PROMOTION OF SERVICES IS AS A BASIC FACTOR IN PREDICTION OF SATISFACTORY OF BRT SYSTEMS.

AIR POLLUTION ITS MEAN IS ENTERING DESTROYING POLLUTANTS, PARTICULATES IN THE AIR. POPULATION GROWTH, URBANIZATION, CHANGES IN THE LIVES OF PEOPLE AS WELL AS NUMEROUS RESOURCES INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS IN THE CITY ALL LEADS TO MANY PROBLEMS SUCH AS VARIOUS TYPES OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION. IN THIS PAPER, A REVIEW OF ARTICLES 5 YEARS, WHICH IS THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS THE IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF AIR POLLUTANTS INDOORS. SOME OF THESE POLLUTANTS INCLUDE CARBON MONOXIDE, PARTICULATE MATTER, NITROGEN OXIDES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS, RADON, ASBESTOS OTHER VALAYNDH NOTED THAT DUE TO THE THERMAL EQUIPMENT, CHEMICALS, SMOKING THESE POLLUTANTS LEADING TO A VARIETY OF DISEASES AND CANCERS, AND EVENTUALLY DEATH. POLLUTION CONTROL METHODS INCLUDE PROVIDING GOOD VENTILATION, ADJUSTABLE GAS EQUIPMENT, GAS EQUIPMENT AND VENTILATION SYSTEM, INSTALLATION AND USE OF FANS AND AIR VENTS IN THE KITCHEN, CHOOSE THE RIGHT SIZE STOVE, ACCORDING TO THE USEFUL LIFE OF GAS APPLIANCES, THE USE OF GOOD FILTER, MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR OF GAS EQUIPMENT PROPERLY AND AVOID KEEPING THE CAR IN THE PARKING LOT WALL, INSULATION BUILDINGS.

NOWADAYS WITH THE INCREASING IMPORTANCE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ATTENTION TO SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY HAS INCREASED AND THE POLICIES ACCEPTED, WITHIN INSTRUCTIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT HAS BECOME. SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY SHAPE AND ITS GLOBAL REPUTATION IN THE REPORT OF THE WORLD COMMISSION ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT THAT IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WAS COMPOSED ACHIEVED, AT THIS MEETING EXPLAINED THAT THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT REQUIRES CONCERTED ATTENTION TO CONDITIONS SOCIAL, ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC, IN THE MEANTIME THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY WAS LOWER THAN TWO OTHER CASES AND OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY TO BE PUT. FOR THIS PURPOSE, RESEARCHES AND PROJECTS VAST, BY ORGANIZATIONS, SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES, GOVERNMENT, UNIVERSITIES, RESEARCHERS AND PRACTITIONERS VARIOUS IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY HAS BEEN MADE. ACCORDINGLY PRESENT STUDY IN ITS WAKE TO WITH QUALITATIVE METHOD BASED ON LIBRARY STUDIES TO SOME OF THE EXPERIENCES OF CONDUCTED IN THIS CONTEXT PAY AND DETERMINE THAT WHAT FEATURES IN CREATING A SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY COULD BE EFFECTIVE AND UNDERLYING TO ACHIEVE ITS THE PROVIDE.

EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT. IS ONE OF THE ENVIRONMENTS WHERE CHILDREN SPENT A CONSIDERABLE PART OF HIS/HER LIFE. ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS BELIEVE THAT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE UNDENIABLE IMPACT ON HUMAN THOUGHTS AND BEHAVIORS AND PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS ALSO AFFECT CHILDREN’S BEHAVIOR. THE IDEAL CONDITION OF EACH HUMAN SOCIETY IS TO DEVELOPING THE BEST CHILDREN AND UNLOCKING THEIR TALENT TO BRING A BETTER TOMORROW. THAT’S WHY STUDY ABOUT THE QUALITY OF THE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IS OF GREAT IMPORTANCE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL PATTERNS IN THE DESIGN OF LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS. THE ISSUE HAS BEEN CONSIDERED BY MANY ARCHITECTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. IN THIS STUDY TO ADVANCE RESEARCH TRIES VIA DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC METHOD AND LIBRARY TOOLS AND AVAILABLE DOCUMENTS. FROM THIS STUDY CAN GET IT THAT COMPLIANCE WITH A SET OF PRINCIPLES IN THE DESIGN OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND TRY TO BECOME MORE ATTRACTIVE AS IT CAN BE IMPROVED PHYSICAL QUALITY LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS AND HAS A POSITIVE EFFECT ON CHILDREN’S LEARNING.

NOWADAYS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF BUSINESS PROCESSES AND STRATEGIC PARTNER FOR GREATER PRODUCTIVITY IN ORGANIZATIONS. IN THIS REGARD, ISFAHAN MUNICIPALITY HAS NAILED NECESSARY ACHIEVEMENTS SUCH AS PLANNING AND DEFINING THE SCOPE AND OPERATIONAL PROJECTS IN ICT. THE PRESENT STUDY EVALUATES THE PERFORMANCE AND ACTUAL STATUS OF ICT ACTIVITIES IN MUNICIPAL WITH RESPECT TO OBJECTIVES INCLUDING HUMAN RESOURCES, MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL, TECHNOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS. CONSIDERING ALL 217 ICT PROJECTS USING BALANCED SCORECARD SHOWED THE LEVEL OF 96.88% ACHIEVEMENTS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE EFFECTIVENESS AND MATURITY OF ICT ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO BENEFICIARIES INCLUDING IT AND GENERAL STAFFS AND THE CITIZENS WAS MEASURED USING A CUSTOMIZATION OF LUFTMAN’S STRATEGIC ALIGNMENT MATURITY MODEL BASED ON 48 CRITERIA ALIGNED IN 6 AREAS (INCLUDING COMMUNICATIONS, VALUE, GOVERNANCE, PARTNERSHIP, SCOPE AND ARCHITECTURE, AND SKILLS) AND 5 MATURITY LEVELS. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE MATURITY OF ISFAHAN MUNICIPALITY IN ICT ACTIVITIES IN THE MIDDLE OF THE SECOND LEVEL DUE TO EITHER PARTIAL MATCH WITH THE BENEFICIARIES’ REQUIREMENTS OR PARTIAL PERCEPTIONS FROM THE BENEFICIARIES’ SIDE. THE STUDY PROPOSES OPERATIONAL SOLUTIONS TO LEAD ISFAHAN MUNICIPALITY TO ACHIEVE THE NEXT LEVEL OF MATURITY.

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS ARE OFTEN DEVASTATING EVENTS THAT HAVE A HUGE IMPACT ON NATURE AND HUMAN LIFE, AND THEREFORE ON SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT. IN ORDER TO REDUCE THE EFFECT OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS SUCH AS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS AND TSUNAMIS, PERMANENT MONITORING IS NECESSARY. DEFORMATION OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE AS A RELIABLE INDICATOR OF AN IMPENDING ERUPTION AND THUS THE IMAGE OF MAGMATIC PROCESSES DEEP UNDERGROUND HAS BEEN DIAGNOSED. IN THIS PAPER WE STUDY THE TECHNIQUES USED TO MONITOR VOLCANIC DEFORMATION AND THE PROGRESS THAT HAS BEEN MADE IN THIS AREA DISCUSSED FINALLY, SUGGESTIONS FOR BETTER INFRASTRUCTURE IS PROVIDED.

BACKGROUND & AIMS OF THE STUDY: IN SOME SITUATION LIKE RAINFALL SEASONS RAW WATER BECOME VERY TURBID SO IT AFFECTED THE WATER TREATMENT PLANT PROCESSES AND QUALITY OF PRODUCED WATER. TREATMENT OF VERY HIGH TURBID WATER HAS SOME CONCERNS LIKE PRECURSORS FOR DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS AND VERY LOADING RATE OF PARTICLE ON FILTER’S MEDIA AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASES IN WATER CONSUMPTION FOR FILTER BACKWASH. THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE PERFORMANCE OF A COMPOSITE INORGANIC POLYMER OF ALUMINIUM AND FERRIC SALT, POLYALUMINIUM FERRIC CHLORIDE (PAFCL), FOR THE REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY, COLOR AND NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER (NOM) FROM HIGH TURBID WATER.MATERIALS & METHODS: EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT BY JAR TEST EXPERIMENT BY SYNTHETIC WATER SAMPLES WITH 250 AND 500 NTU TURBIDITY THAT PREPARED IN LABORATORY.RESULTS: THE RESULTS OF CONVENTIONAL JAR TEST SHOWED THAT THE OPTIMUM PH FOR COAGULATION OF WATER SAMPLE WAS 7.5 TO 8 AND OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF THE COAGULANT WAS 10 MG/L. REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF TURBIDITY, COLOR AND UV ADSORBENT AT 254 NM AT OPTIMUM DOSE AND PH WITHOUT FILTRATION WAS 99.92%, 100% AND 80.6% RESPECTIVELY FOR FIRST SAMPLE (250 NTU) AND 99.95%, 99.49% AND 84.77 FOR SECOND SAMPLE (500 NTU) RESPECTIVELY.CONCLUSIONS: IT CONCLUDED THAT POLYALUMINIUM FERRIC CHLORIDE HAS A VERY GOOD EFFICIENCY FOR THE REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY, COLOR AND ORGANIC MATTER IN HIGH TURBID WATER. ALSO IT CAN BE SELECT AS A COAGULANT FOR HIGH TURBID WATER AND SOME WASTE WATER FROM WATER TREATMENT PLANT LIKE FILTER BACKWASH WATER.

PARADIGM OF GOOD RULE IN RURAL MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CAN CAUSES TO INCREASE OF AWARENESS OF CITIZENS, INCREASING OF LIVING QUALITY IN VILLAGES UNTIL IDEAL LEVEL AND MOBILITY OF MENTAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE IN VILLAGES. THIS RESEARCH FOLLOWS DETERMINATION OF GOOD RULE INDICES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT AND IN FIELDS OF DEPLOYMENT, EXPANSION AND DEVELOPING OF GOOD RULE INDICES IN MODERN RURAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES WHICH CAN FINALLY UTILIZE IN DIRECTION OF CODIFICATION OF DESIRE PATTERN TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT.OUR RESEARCH IS DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC AND OUR DATA GATHERING IS DOCUMENTARY AND EXPANSION OF THEORIES AROUND THE RURAL MANAGEMENT AND RULE. THE RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH INDICATED THAT RURAL RULE INDICES ARE NOT CONSIDERED IN RURAL MODERN MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES.

IN RECENT YEARS THERE ARE MANY CONCERNS ABOUT MEDICINES, SOLVENTS, RAW MATERIALS AND INTERMEDIATES THAT ARE PRESENT IN WATER AND WASTEWATER, INCLUDING SEWAGE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY. MEDICINES REMOVAL FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. IN THIS STUDY BETA BLOCKER ATENOLOL REMOVAL BY MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION WAS INVESTIGATED. CHANGES IN PH, CONTACT TIME, INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF ATENOLOL AND MULTI-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES DOSE AS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF ABSORPTION OF ATENOLOL AND THE IMPACT OF THESE FACTORS ON THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY WERE INVESTIGATED. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY (94.8%) ATENOLOL, WERE OBTAINED UNDER OPTIMUM CONDITIONS. OPTIMUM CONDITIONS FOR PH, CONTACT TIME, MWCNT DOSE AND INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF ATENOLOL WERE: 7, 20 MINUTES, (0.5 GR/L) AND (10 MG/L) RESPECTIVELY. ABSORPTION CAPACITY IN OPTIMUM CONDITION 16.76 MG G-1 WAS OBTAINED. SO THE DATA OBTAINED BY ABSORPTION MODELS SUCH AS LANGMUIR AND FREUNDLICH WERE EVALUATED. THE EQUILIBRIUM DATA WAS WELL FITTED IN TO FREUNDLICH MODEL (R2=0.93). THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT MULTI-WALL CARBON NANOTUBES AS AN EFFECTIVE ABSORBENT HAVE A HIGH POTENTIAL FOR THE REMOVAL OF ATENOLOL FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER.

THE PURPOSE OF THIS WORK IS TO INVESTIGATE THE POTENTIAL OF DIMINISHING THE ENERGY CONSUMED BY TYPICAL LOW THERMAL MASS BUILDINGS FOR HEATING, COOLING AND LIGHTING BY USING SMART WINDOWS. THE WINDOWS CONSIDERED CONSISTED OF A DOUBLE PANE GLAZING UNIT IN WHICH A CONTROLLABLE ABSORBING LAYER IS ADDED ON THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF THE EXTERIOR GLASS PANE. THIS ABSORBING LAYER ALLOWS TO CHANGE THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE WINDOW, RESULTING IN A DIRECT POTENTIAL OF CONTROL OF THE INCIDENT SOLAR HEAT FLUX ENTERING THE BUILDING THROUGH THE WINDOWS.

THESE DAYS URBANIZATION IS GROWING IN ALL OVER THE WORLD. POPULATION GROWTH OF CITIES MAKES DIFFERENT ASPECT OF URBAN DEVELOPED ESPECIALLY URBAN ECONOMY. FOR EXAMPLE ACCORDING TO WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2009, ABOUT 16 PERCENT OF WORLD GDP IN PRODUCED JUST IN 30 CITIES. HOWEVER CITIES GROWTH HAS SOME ISSUES INCLUDING POLLUTION AND HEAVY TRAFFIC. BASE ON THESE MOST OF METROPOLITAN RESIDENTS THINK OF URBAN POPULATION GROWTH AS A ROOT OF THEIR PROBLEMS AND URBAN MANAGER NEED TO KNOW IF AN OPTIMAL SIZE FOR CITIES EXISTS HOW BIG IT WOULD BE.IN THIS PAPER OPTIMAL CITY SIZE AND SUSTAINABLE CITY SIZE IS ESTIMATED FOR METROPOLITAN AREAS OF IRAN. BECAUSE OF LACKING DATA STUDIED METROPOLIS ARE SUBJECT TO TEHRAN, ISFAHAN, MASHHAD, SHIRAZ AND AHVAZ FROM 2008 UP TO 2012. THE METHOD USED IS BASED ON AN LOCAL ECONOMY MODEL THAT HAS THREE ACTOR: FIRM, HOUSEHOLD AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT. THE RESULTS SHOW TEHRAN METROPOLIS HAS PASSED BOTH OPTIMAL AND SUSTAINABLE SIZE AND OTHER METROPOLIS, ISFAHAN, MASHHAD, SHIRAZ AND AHVAZ, HAVE PASSED THEIR OPTIMAL SIZE BUT FAR FROM SUSTAINABLE SIZE.

CORRECT MANAGEMENT LAND’S DISPOSAL FOR ALL HEALTHY STRATEGICALLY PARAMETERS, PRESERVATION AND SAVING OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES HAS PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE. KHARG ISLAND IS LOCATED IN THE NORTHERN PERSIAN GULF AND IN THE SOUTHERN CITY OF BUSHEHR AND IN THE NORTH OF THE ISLAND IS KHARKU. THE TOTAL AREA OF THE ISLAND, CLOSE TO 1078.6 HECTARES, EQUAL TO 50.36 PERCENT OF THE EXISTING APPLICATIONS. THIS STUDY PROVIDES EXAMINATION AND ANALYSIS OF COMPARING THE METHODS OF ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT-ENGINEERING WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS OF KHARG ISLAND IN THE KYOTO - JAPAN IN THE 1393-94.ALL WASTE DISPOSALS PRODUCED IN KHARG ISLAND SUCH AS URBAN AND INDUSTRIAL WASTED WILL BE MANAGED. TOTALLY 700 PLASTIC SOURCED IN 660 LITER AND 240 SUB NUMBER (TERMINAL AREAS) IS PRESENTED IN ISLAND. IN THE CASE STUDY’S AREA PRODUCED DISPOSAL, ON SHOULDER OF PRODUCING UNITS ARE LIKE WASTE DISPOSAL AND THERE SHOULD BE SAVING THE INDUSTRIAL WASTES DISPOSAL FOR TRANSFERRING OUT OF ISLAND BY SHIP. URBAN DISPOSALS UNDER MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC OPERATIONS UNITS, WILL BE COLLECTED AND TRANSFERRED TO RECYCLE SITE ISLAND, BECAUSE OF LITTLE AREA BETWEEN COLLECTING AREAS AND COLLECTING OPERATION RECYCLE’S SITE AND TRANSPORTING ARE INTEGRATED. FOR PRODUCING COMPOST IN ISLAND AREA BY THE BIOMECHANICAL METHOD (KAMINZUGVERFAHREN) ARE USED. THE PERIOD FOR ONE READY STACK FOR PRODUCING COMPOST WILL BE ABOUT 2 TILL 4 MONTH LAST, TILL 1 STACK IS READY AND A COMPOST WILL BE CREATED.IN THE PRESENT, IN RECYCLE SITE AND REMOVAL GRINDING PLASTICALLY WASTES OPERATION ISLAND BY GRINDING MACHINE WITH 500 KG CAPACITY WILL BE DONE AND FOR GRINDING SEPARATED PAPERS NO OPERATION WILL BE DONE AND JUST BY BALER MACHINE WILL BE COMPRESSED. IN THIS AREA, WILL USE FROM ONE FASTING DISPOSAL MACHINE WITH 100 TONS PER DAY. DAILY WILL 12 TONS TRASHES FROM ISLAND AVERAGELY WILL BE COLLECTED (700 TEMPORARY SAVING SOURCES) AND BY USE OF 3 DEVICES IN 7 SERVICES AND BY MIXING (NOT SEPARATED) WILL TRANSPORT TO ISLAND RECYCLE’S SITE. COLLECTING FREQUENCIES IN KHARG ISLAND IN URBAN AREA ONCE IN A DAY AND ION TERMINAL AREAS AND INDUSTRIES LOCATED IN FAR ISLAND WILL BE TEN DAYS. IN THE PRESENT POSITION ISLAND WET DISPOSAL CHAPTER WITH AVERAGE 70 PERCENT IN ONE COMPOST PROCESS BY AIR METHOD WILL CHANGE INTO ORGANIC FERTILIZER, WHICH BECAUSE OF GOOD SEPARATING DRY DISPOSAL AND WET DISPOSAL WILL NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT QUALITY. RECYCLE DRY PARTS ALTITUDE IS 50 PERCENT WHICH BECAUSE OF MIXING THEM BY OTHER DISPOSAL WILL HAVE LOW QUALITY. RAINING WHEN CAN MAKE FLOODWATER, CAN CAUSE DANGERS IN RESTORE SYSTEM, COLLECTING, TRANSPORTING AND REMOVAL DISPOSAL, THE AVERAGE RAINING IN KHARG ISLAND IS 240 MM AND TOTAL AVERAGE OF RATIONAL WET IS 61% AND THE TEMPERATURE IS REPORTED ABOUT 25.3˚C, WHICH IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT PROBLEMS IN DISPOSAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN TROPICAL WILL INCREASE THE BIOLOGICAL DISPOSITIONS ORGANICS IN DISPOSAL WHICH IS ONE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THAT WILL BE MAKING INSUFFICIENT SMELLS AND MAKING LATEX AND ALSO POLLUTING THE AIR AND WATER AND ALSO LIVING ANNOYING.TENDING FOR PROGRAMMING AND INVESTMENT IN PUBLIC SECTOR FOR OPERATING THE DECREASING POLLUTING THE WASTES PRODUCING PROGRAMS AND ALSO OPERATING THE EDUCATING PROGRAMS IN PUBLIC SECTOR FOR INCREASING THE PUBLIC ENGINEERING AND MANAGERIAL WASTES KNOWLEDGE CAN HAVE CONSIDERABLY PUBLIC OPERATION RECYCLE MANAGEMENT FOR EXPANDING THE DECREASING CULTURE FOR PRODUCING WASTES AND SEPARATING FROM SOURCES IN KHARG ISLAND WILL GET BETTER.

THE CURRENT PAPER AIMS AT UNDERSTANDING THE POLICIES AND PRACTICES ADOPTED AND IMPLEMENTED BY INDIAN CITIES TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. THE PAPER TRIES TO STUDY THE TRENDS IN URBANIZATION, MOTORIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT. IT ALSO EXPLORES POLICY MAKING BY THE GOVERNMENT TO ADDRESS THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION AS WELL AS INNOVATIVE PRACTICES ADOPTED BY VARIOUS CITIES IN INDIA. THE PAPER IS BASED ON SECONDARY RESEARCH AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THE RECENT TRENDS AND RESEARCH IN THE EMERGING FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPIRATION SYSTEMS. IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE CURRENT PAPER WILL LEAD TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABLE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT, IT WILL PROVIDE DIRECTION AND GUIDELINES FOR POLICY MAKERS AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION BODIES TO DESIGN AND MANAGE THEIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS IN A WAY THAT WILL LEAD TO MORE EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS IN THEIR OPERATIONS WITHOUT CREATING ADVERSE IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.

THE PAPER GIVES AN IDEA ABOUT INNOVATIONS IN GERMAN REGIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AT THE EXAMPLE OF THE CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF GERMANY’S LARGEST AGGLOMERATION, THE RUHR REGION, WHICH HAS LED TO A FUNDAMENTAL PARADIGM SHIFT. THE HEAVY INDUSTRY HAS GONE AND WAS SUCCESSFULLY REPLACED BY INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES; THE REGION’S APPEARANCE TURNED FROM GREY TO GREEN, AND NEW URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS CONTRIBUTE TO AN ENHANCED LIFE QUALITY, WHICH MAKES THE REGION COMPETITIVE FOR THE FUTURE.

NOWADAYS, BY INCREASE IN POPULATION AND DISPERSED OF THIS POPULATION IN DIFFERENT AREAS OF CITIES, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CHALLENGES IN THE FIELD OF URBAN PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE IS CONSIDERING EQUITY; THIS MEAN THAT FACILITIES BE ESTABLISHED IN THE CITY SO THAT THE RIGHTS OF ALL CITIZENS BE RESPECTED AND CITIZENS HAVE FEELING EQUITY WITH THEMSELVES THAT THIS FEELING IS VERY IMPORTANT AND VALUABLE AND CAN PREVENT OF MANY ABNORMAL BEHAVIORS IN SOCIETY. THIS PAPER PRESENTS A MULTI-OBJECTIVE MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING MODEL FOR URBAN PUBLIC FACILITY LOCATION PROBLEM THAT IN ADDITION TO FACILITY PERFORMANCE (USING P-MEDIAN LOCATION PROBLEM), EQUITY BETWEEN THE CITIZENS CONSIDERS SUCH FACILITIES AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE (ACCORDING TO THE POPULATION OF EACH DEMAND POINT) ARE CLOSE TO DEMAND POINTS. ALSO DISPERSION OF PUBLIC FACILITIES IN THE CITY IS CONSIDERED IN THE MODEL, WHICH MEANS THAT THE FACILITIES MUST HAVE MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM EACH OTHER. BALANCING LOADS (EQUITABLE LOADS) BETWEEN DIFFERENT FACILITIES HAVE BEEN CONSIDERED, SO THAT THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF DEMAND ALLOCATED TO EACH FACILITY IS MINIMIZED. FINALLY, BY IMPLEMENTING A NUMERICAL EXAMPLE IS SHOWN THAT THE PROPOSED MODEL IS EFFICIENT.

REY SEPARATION OF TEHRAN IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT AND CHALLENGING ISSUES IN THE COUNTRY’S ADMINISTRATIVE CIRCLES. FOLLOWING SEPARATION PROCESS CITIES OF TEHRAN, THIS TIME FROM THE CAPITAL ALSO REPEATEDLY RAISED THE ISSUE OF SEPARATION REY. THE HEART AND CORE OF THIS SEPARATION, THE DELIMITATION LEGAL (PRIVACY) IN TEHRAN, IRAN FROM THE SOUTH AND THE MAYOR AND COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF REY SCREW. THE PROCESS OF HAND IN A HURRY PLACED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND ON THE OTHER HAND HAS ALWAYS BEEN OPPOSED TO THE TEHRAN MAYOR’S OFFICE. THUS, WHILE TEHRAN CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS AND CITY MANAGEMENT; VIRGIN ACCUSED THE GOVERNMENT OF TRYING TO SPLIT THE CAPITAL, TEHRAN GOVERNOR OFFICIALS, THE INCIDENT RAY TO ASSESS THE INTEREST OF CITIZENS EXAMINED THE SCIENTIFIC APPROACH. THIS STUDY IS APPLIED AND THE COMBINATION OF THE TWO DOCUMENTS (LIBRARY) AND FIELD (INTERVIEWS WITH EXPERTS AND CUSTODIANS) THE ANALYTICAL METHOD TO ANALYZE THE FINDINGS LIBRARY AS WELL AS THE PROS AND AGAINST IT AND PLANNING TO FIND BEST RESPONDS TO THE QUESTION OF WHETHER THE FRAGMENTATION OF CAPITAL WILL LEAD EVENTUALLY TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAY?AND WHETHER SEGREGATION RAY OF TEHRAN URBAN MANAGEMENT WILL BE DONE? THE EXPECTED IMPACT OF THE STUDY CAN BE TAILORED IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION-MAKING FOR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF THE ACTION TO BE DETERMINED.

URBAN DIPLOMACY AS A TARGETED EFFORT IN THE FLOW WHICH FOLLOWS THE VARIOUS GOALS OF ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL AND GUIDANCE IN DIRECTION OF ACHIEVE TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. ACCORDING TO THIS, IN THIS ARTICLE URBAN DIPLOMACY IN THE FLOW WITH EMPHASIS TO TEHRAN CITY AS THE CENTER OF NATIONAL EVOLUTION HAS BEEN ANALYZED. THIS ARTICLE IS LOOKING FOR TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION THAT IS URBAN DIPLOMACY CAN BE A INSTRUMENT TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE FLOW.THE METHOD OF THE ARTICLE IS DESCRIPTIVE- ANALYTIC. SINCE THE SOMEHOW THE AIM OF THIS RESEARCH IS DISCOVERY OF DIPLOMACY RELATION AND THE FLOW SO IT STANDS IN DISCOVERY RESEARCH CATEGORY. ALSO FROM ASPECT OF PARADIGM, THIS RESEARCH HAS BEEN DONE IN KIND OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH PARADIGM AND GATHERING AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.BASED ON INVESTIGATIONS ONE CAN SAY CITIES HAVE AN IMPORTANT RULES IN DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH. THIS HAS BEEN DONE UNDER CORRECT UTILIZATION FROM EXISTING CAPACITIES AND IN SOME CASES CREATING CAPACITIES. TODAY ATTRACTION OF EXTERNAL FUNDS AND ACTIVE PRESENCE OF EXTERNAL FORCES FOR EFFLORESCENCE OF CITY ECONOMIC AS INSTRUMENT TO ACCESS TO DYNAMIC AND STABLE URBAN ECONOMIC. TEHRAN CITY AND ALSO OTHER METROPOLIS OF OUR COUNTRY CAN HAVE AN ARTICLE ROLE IN THIS FIELD BECAUSE OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND MAJOR ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FACILITIES.

THE COMPILING OF PHYSICAL PROGRAM AND THE DETERMINING OF THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC LIBRARIES DEPEND ON DOMAINS OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES, EXTEND OF IT’S EQUIPMENTS AND FACILITIES. THE DESIGNING OF LIBRARIES WITH REGARD TO DOMAIN OF ACCESS CAUSE TO CONCERNED LIBRARY DEPENDING TO RANGE OF SERVICE HAVE DIFFERENT MICRO SPACES. IF THIS AN IMPORTANT AFFAIR WASN’T REGARDED, LIBRARY WILL BEEN DESIGNED AND BUILT WITH UNNECESSARY SPACES. IT’S NOT ALWAYS COST-EFFECTIVE. THERE IS RELATION SHIP BETWEEN USER OF SERVICE OF LIBRARY AND IT’S MICRO-SPACES. THE MOST OF RESEARCHERS ONLY REFERED TO THIS SUBJECT, BUT THEY DIDN’T CONSIDER TO THIS CIRCUMFERENCE OF FORMING. THIS RESEARCH FOR FIRST TIME WAS STUDIED METHOD OF DETERMINING OF CONCERNED SPACES TO LIBRARIES FOR 25000 PERSONS. THIS WRITTEN ARTICLE BASED ON LIBRARY DATA AND OBSERVATION. 12 THE DOMAIN OF ACCESSE OF THE DIFFERENT LIBRARIES WAS STUDIED & INVESTIGATED. MICRO-SPACES OF LIBRARIES IN DIFFERENT DOMAIN OF ACCESS WERE STUDIED AND TWO CASE OF STUDY WERE COMBINED. GOAL OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF USER FROM OF LIBRARY ON IT’S MICRO-SPACES, AND ARCHITECTS IS DIRECTED TO CREATION & BUILD OF USEFUL SPACES. IN THIS ARTICLE, FIRST SPACES FOR LIBRARY WITH DIFFERENT DOMAINS IN REGARD TO POPULATION WERE REPRESENTED, AND THEN THE SUITABLE & FIT MICRO-SPACES FOR DOMAIN OF 25000 PERSONS WERE STUDIED. BY STUDING, IT’S APPEARED THAT THE MOST OF MICRO-SPACES IN LIBRARY FOR DOMAINS OF POPULATION WERE UNNECESSARY BASE ON THINKINGS OF THE COMMON PEOPLE.

RESEARCHES INDICATE THAT THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY TAKE SHAPE ACCORDING TO HUMAN BEINGS’ PRESENCE AND ARE AFFECTED BY THEM, HUMAN BEING IS INFLUENCED BY HIS/HER SURROUNDINGS AS WELL. CHILDHOOD ID THE BEGINNING FOR THESE INFLUENCES. IN ORDER TO MAKE A BETTER FUTURE FOR THE SOCIETY, THE CHILDHOOD SHOULD BE EQUIPPED BY A PROPER CONTEXT OF EDUCATION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CHILDREN. THE ACQUISITION OF THE SOCIAL SKILLS ESPECIALLY LEARNING TO COMMUNICATE IN SOCIAL PLACES IS ONE OF THE FACTORS FOR HUMANS TO BECOME SOCIAL IN ALL THE SOCIETIES AND CULTURES. EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IS ONE OF THE SPOTS THAT PAYS A VITAL ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND AFFECTS THE FORMING PROCESS OF VARIOUS BEHAVIORS. EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT CAN IMPROVE COMMUNITY RELATIONS AND PRESENCE OF CHILDREN IN THE SOCIETY BY GOOD PERFORMANCE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS TO INVESTIGATE THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT FOR CHILDREN IN THE ACQUISITION OF THESE SKILLS AND HOW TO TEACH IT TO THEM. HENCE, THIS STUDY TRIES TO INVESTIGAT THIS ISSUE AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES IN THE TEACHING OF THESE SKILLS VIA DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC METHOD AND LIBRARY TOOLS AND AVAILABLE DOCUMENTS.

DUE TO COMFORT PATIENTS IN THE HOSPITAL, EXCESSIVE SOUND LEVELS CAN CAUSE NEGATIVE EFFECTS ON EXACERBATIONS AND HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A BASIC LEVEL OF NOISE POLLUTION IN THE ICU AT THE CITY OF BANDAR ABBAS. A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN THE FALL OF 95 THREE HOSPITALS IN THE CITY OF BANDAR ABBAS WAS CONDUCTED IN ICU. USING AUDIO SOUND METER TES CR: 1359 MADE IN TAIWAN, WITH THE CRITERION OF SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL, RESPECTIVELY 35 AND 30 DB NOISE LIMIT VALUES WERE MEASURED ON DAY AND NIGHT. SAMPLING IN TWO DAYS AND CLOSED AT VARIOUS RESULTS: THE MARTYR MOHAMMADI HOSPITAL WITH AN AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL 35.53 DB HIGHEST AVERAGE I LEIA TRAZSVT AND HOSPITALS WITH AN AVERAGE SOUND LEVEL HAS THE LOWEST AVERAGE SOUND LEVELS WERE 5.51. THE ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE MEAN LEVEL OF SOUND MEASURED IN THE MORNING AND EVENING IN HOSPITALS, THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT RELATIONSHIP (001.0).THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT HOSPITALS IN SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL IN A NORMAL DAY AND CLOSED HIGHER THAN THE STANDARD SET BY THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, RESPECTIVELY. THEREFORE, DUE TO THE EFFECTS OF NOISE ON HUMAN HEALTH IS REQUIRED MEASURES TO REDUCE AND CONTROL THE AUDIO SOURCES, INCLUDING THE TRAINING OF PERSONNEL TO BE AWARE OF THE LONG SOUND EFFECTS, AND IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF SERVICES IN THE HEALTH CENTERS MUST BE DONE.

STRATEGY IS THE PROBABILITY EMPOWERS EMPLOYEES. THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO IDENTIFY THE EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT IS NAMED GOVERNOR AND ATTEMPTS. TO REVIEW THE OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM IN VARAMIN GOVERNOR’S ADMINISTRATION WILL BE IMPROVED EMPOWERMENT, AND IF POSITIVE EFFECTS IN AREAS WHERE EMPOWERMENT IS IMPROVED. THIS IS AN APPLIED RESEARCH. THIS STUDY IS BASED ON DESCRIPTIVE AND SURVEY RESEARCH AND IN TERMS OF PURPOSE, FUNCTIONAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL BEEN DONE. THE STUDY POPULATION CONSISTED OF ALL PERSONNEL GOVERNOR, WHO NUMBER IN THE SURVEY WAS 100 WHEN DOING RESEARCH ON THE HISTORY OF MORE THAN TWO YEARS TO HAVE THE GOVERNOR’S OFFICE 60 PERSONS MORGAN BASED ON SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD AND SAMPLE SIZE WAS ELECTED GOVERNOR IN VARIOUS SECTORS. BLANCHARD MODEL IS DESIGNED TO COLLECT INFORMATION ON THE QUESTIONNAIRE. THE QUESTIONNAIRE WITH SCALE RANGING FROM 1 TO 5 GRADING AND CONSISTS OF 24 QUESTIONS. DATA ANALYSIS DESCRIPTIVE AND INFERENTIAL STATISTICAL TESTS AND REGRESSION CORRELATION COEFFICIENT WAS USED ALPHA COEFFICIENT RELIABILITY OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE USED IN A RANGE OF 78% TO 86% AND RELIABILITY MENTAL HEALTH QUESTIONNAIRE (GHQ) USING ALPHA COEFFICIENT BETWEEN 74.0 TO VARY FROM 850 (WILLIAMS AND MARIAN (1988) HAVE BEEN REPORTED. DATA SCALE DUE TO THE NATURE OF REGRESSION TEST CORRELATION COEFFICIENT WAS USED. THE MAIN HYPOTHESIS: THE HYPOTHESIS OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON EMPOWERMENTS STAFF REGRESSION EQUATION SHOWN THAT THIS POSITIVE EFFECT IS SIGNIFICANT AT 95% CONFIDENCE LEVEL FIRST SUB-: IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON EMPLOYEE ACCESS TO THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE GOVERNORATE OF VARAMIN RESULTS THE EFFECT ON THE INDEPENDENCE OF EMPLOYEES.

UNDERSTANDING BEAUTIES IS A DIVINE BLESSING AND A MENTALITY THAT LEADS TO REALITY. AND ART WITHOUT BEAUTY IS LIKE A SOULLESS BODY WITH NO GRAVITY. THIS BEAUTY EXISTS IN ALL THE ASPECTS AND FORMS OF IRANIAN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE. MOSQUE – AS THE OUTSTANDING SYMBOL OF IRANIAN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE – IS A GOOD SOURCE FOR DISCOVERING AND EVALUATING SYMBOLS AND SIGNS, WHICH PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MAKING RELATIONSHIPS REGARDING THE INFLUENCES ON ITS ADDRESSEES WITH ANY RELIGION AND BELIEFS.THE PRESENT STUDY BY MEANS OF DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC METHOD AND SEMIOTICS-SEMANTICS APPROACH INTENDS TO PROVIDE A CORRECT UNDERSTANDING OF AESTHETICS AND APPLICATION OF THOSE MEANINGS HIDDEN IN IRANIAN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE AND ALSO INVESTIGATE THE EXISTENCE OF A LOGICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPLICATIONS, SYMBOLS AND SIGNS IN THE ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE AND ITS ADDRESSEES. FOR THIS PURPOSE, DIFFERENT ATTITUDES TOWARDS MEDIA ASPECTS OF THE ISLAMIC-IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED AND CLASSIFIED. THE RESULTS INDICATE THAT IRANIAN ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE IS A BUOYANT AND OFF-LIMITS ART AND AN ARTISTIC ASPECT THAT IS ABLE TO PRESENT ITSELF IN ALL THE FOUR HUMANISTIC DIMENSIONS. IN FACT, IT IS A BODY MADE FROM HUMAN BEING’S MIND FOR PROVIDING A LIVING BASE THAT CAN MAKE RELATIONSHIPS WITH THOSE ADDRESSEES WHO HAVE EVEN NO UNDERSTANDING ABOUT ISLAM AND ITS PRINCIPALS THROUGH UTILIZING ETERNAL, INNATE, AND CRYPTIC SYMBOLS, SIGNS, AND MEANINGS AS WELL AS DIFFERENT SENSATIONS.

ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT OBJECTIVES OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND HEALTH IS DEFINED. USE GOOD INFRASTRUCTURE AND INNOVATIVE NANOTECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS TO WALK ALONG THE PATH OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SOLVE MANY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS THE USE OF CARBON NANOTUBES IN THE REMOVAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, ACCORDING TO THE STUDIES. ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF THE STUDIES REVIEWED SHOWED THAT CONVENTIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS TO COMPLETELY ELIMINATE ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS LISTED ARE NOT ENOUGH. DESPITE THE ABOVE MENTIONED METHODS OF ANALYSIS, MINERAL CONTENT AND LOW TOXICITY OF WASTEWATER REMAINED UNCHANGED OR INCREASED. AS WELL AS EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT AND HIGH POWER CONSUMPTION OF OTHER DISADVANTAGES OF THIS PROCESS IS CONSIDERED. COMPARED WITH OTHER METHODS, BECAUSE OF THE EASE OF ABSORPTION, LOWER POWER CONSUMPTION AND HIGH EFFICIENCY HAVE BEEN PROPOSED. CARBON NANOTUBES (CNTS) ARE ONE-DIMENSIONAL MACRO MOLECULES UNIQUE HEAT RESISTANCE AND CHEMICAL STABILITY ARE HIGH ABSORPTION METHOD USING CARBON NANOTUBES (CNT) AS AN ADSORBENT FOR USE IN DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND WASTEWATER OUTPUT CONTAMINATED BY POLLUTANTS, PHARMACEUTICALS, DYES, PETROLEUM, HEAVY METALS AND LEACHATE HAS BEEN WIDELY STUDIED. THIS STUDY SHOWED THAT CARBON NANOTUBES AS AN EFFECTIVE ADSORBENT POTENTIAL FOR REMOVING CONTAMINANTS FROM WATER AND WASTEWATER ARE IMPORTANT.

TODAY’S WORLD IS FACING MANY TRANSFORMATIONS IN FIELDS OF SCIENCE, ART, POLITICS AND ECONOMICS. MEDIA HAS A MAJOR ROLE IN TRANSFORMING SOCIAL STRUCTURES IN A WAY THAT TODAY THE GUARANTEE FOR SURVIVAL AND STABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EVERY SOCIETY IS DEPENDENT ON THE EFFECTIVE ROLE OF MEDIA.PHOTOGRAPHY HAS AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS A STRONG MEDIA WEAPON IN TODAY’S WORLD AND IT SIGNIFICANTLY SHAPES SOCIETIES TO THE EXTENT THAT TODAY’S ECONOMIC, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL RELATIONS ARE NOTABLY AFFECTED BY THIS MEDIA FORMAT. IN OTHER WORDS, LONG TERM PROGRAMMING FOR STABLE DEVELOPMENTS IS THOROUGHLY AFFECTED BY THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA. PHOTOGRAPHY, BECAUSE OF ITS VISUAL NATURE AND THE POSSIBILITY OF DOCUMENTATION AND DUE TO ITS PSYCHOLOGICAL DEEP EFFECTS, HAS BEEN ABLE TO ATTRACT THE ATTENTION OF CAPITAL HOLDERS AND POLITICAL CULTURAL EXPERTS IN ALL SOCIETIES. ALSO BY SUBJUGATION AND COORDINATION OF DIFFERENT SOCIAL GROUPS, IT HAS ALSO BEEN TO PROVIDE A SUITABLE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE REALIZATION OF STABLE DEVELOPMENT IN DIFFERENT AREAS.IN THIS ARTICLE, IT IS TRIED TO ANALYZE THE ROLE OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND PHOTOS AS STRONG EFFICIENT MEDIA FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM. THIS WAY THE EFFICIENT ROLE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN THE STABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETIES IS ANALYZED. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE MAGICAL POWER OF THIS ART-MEDIUM IS VERY HELPFUL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THOUGHT INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE IMPROVEMENT OF NATIONAL CULTURAL LESSONS OF OUR COUNTRY FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS. THIS ARTICLE APPROACH ANALYTICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA IN TERMS OF METHODOLOGY.

URBAN ENVIRONMENT IS TO BE CONSIDERED AS AN ALIVE, DYNAMIC AND EVOLVING EXISTENT, COMPRISING OF PHYSICAL COMPONENTS AND SPECIES, AND THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP AMONG THEM. DIMINISH OF INTERACTION BETWEEN HUMANS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT IS ONE OF TODAY’S CHALLENGING PROBLEMS. RESEARCHERS BELIEVE THAT DECREASE IN THESE INTERACTIONS WILL RUIN HUMAN SENSE OF BELONGING TO THE ENVIRONMENT. THIS RESEARCH AIMS TO PROPOSE “INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE” AS A MODERN APPROACH IN ORDER TO RESOLVE MANY ISSUES WITH RESPECT TO EFFECTIVE URBAN ADMINISTRATION SHIP AND ORGANIZATION. DISCUSSION ON THIS MATTER CAN OPEN A NOBLE WAY TO MODERN ARCHITECTURE, SINCE IT WILL ENABLE URBAN PLANNERS TO FIND NEW SOLUTIONS FOR THE SOCIAL DILEMMAS AHEAD, BY RECOGNITION AND APPROPRIATE UTILIZATION OF UP-TO-DATE FACILITIES, METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES. THIS IS A DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTICAL RESEARCH. IN THIS ARTICLE, THE CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERACTION OF HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENT ARE RECOGNIZED FIRST, THEN FOUNDATIONS OF “INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE” ARE INVESTIGATED, AND FINALLY THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO IS DISCUSSED. AS THE RESULTS OF THIS RESEARCH REVEAL, “INTERACTIVE ARCHITECTURE” ACTUALLY AFFECTS HUMAN BEHAVIOR IN RELATION WITH THE ENVIRONMENT, BY UTILIZING MODERN DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES AND METHODS, AND ULTIMATELY INCREASES ATTACHMENT TO THE ENVIRONMENT.

IN RECENT YEARS, BY EXPANSION OF CITIES AND INCREASING IN POPULATION AND PRICE OF LANDS, EXCAVATION HAS BEEN ONE OF THE IMPORTANT ISSUES IN GEOTECHNIQUE ENGINEERING. DESPITE ALL RESEARCHES AND REGULATIONS, WHICH ARE AVAILABLE FOR THIS SYSTEM, STILL THERE ARE SOME AMBIGUITIES ABOUT THEIR BEHAVIOR. IN THIS PAPER, FOR A CASE OF STUDY A NUMERICAL MODELING OF EXCAVATION IN STATICAL NAILING METHOD AND DRY SOIL BY THE GEO-STUDIO SOFTWARE, WHICH HAS 30 METER DEPTH AND IS BASED ON FIELD STUDIES THE SOIL LAYERING OF TARGET PALACE IS CONSIST OF 5LAYERS WHICH HAS AN INCREASING IN STIFFNESS AND SHEAR STRENGTH IN DEPTH, IS DONE. THE SORT OF SOIL OFTEN IS MADE OF GRAIN AND COARSE-GRAINED AND THERE IS A SIGNIFICATION ADHESION BECAUSE OF CEMENTED SOIL. IN THIS RESEARCH, WHICH IS BASED ON RESULTS OF DIFFERENT ANALYSIS BY THE SOFTWARE, A CORRELATION FOR DESIGNING NAILING SYSTEM WITH THE SAME LENGTH AND DIFFERENT INSTALLATION ANGLES, IS PRESENTED.

DESPITE NATURAL, CULTURAL, HISTORICAL CAPABILITIES AND TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN KERMAN, MULTIPLE SOCIO – CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC CHALLENGES ARE OBSERVED IN URBAN AND RURAL DISTRICTS OF THIS PROVINCE WHICH HAS BEEN LED TO POPULATION UNSUSTAINABILITY FLOW. THE STUDY AIMS AT IDENTIFYING POTENCY ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM ROLE IN SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF KERMAN PROVINCE. DUE TO THE NATURE OF THE RESEARCH, IT IS PRACTICAL TYPE AND RESEARCH METHOD IS EXPLORATORY AND DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC. TO COLLECT THE REQUIRED DATA, PAPER HAS USED LIBRARY METHODS. QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS IS AHP AND TOPSIS RANKING, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS IS LOGICAL REASONING AND TO DRAW MAPS IS USED GIS SOFTWARE. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY SHOW THAT MOST OF AREAS ENCOUNTER WITH DEPOPULATION PROCESS, DISPATCHING MIGRANTS AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY LOW LEVEL, IN SPITE OF HIGH POTENTIALS AND ATTRACTIONS SPECIALLY IN NATURAL CONTEXT, ARE SETTLED IN DESERT DISTRICTS OF THE PROVINCE. THEREFORE, IDENTIFY AND TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THESE STRENGTHS CAN EFFECT ON RESOLVING SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, PROVIDE INCOME AND LIVELIHOOD ENHANCEMENT BASES, ESTABLISH SUSTAINABLE SETTLEMENT POPULATION AND PREVENT OCCURRENCE OF IMPORTANT SECURITY CHALLENGES IN THESE AREAS.

DUE TO THE EXPANSION OF CITIES AND CONSEQUENTLY INCREASED TRAFFIC, BENEFITING FROM INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM IS CONSIDERED. ONE OF THE INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC CONTROL TOOLS, ARE VARIABLE MESSAGE SIGNS THAT DISPLAY MESSAGES WITH JUST THE RIGHT MOMENT, TO DIRECT THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC. THIS SIGNS, LIKE ANY OTHER TECHNOLOGY FOR BETTER PERFORMANCE, DEPEND ON PARAMETERS SUCH AS LAYOUT, FONT, COLOR. THE CHANGE IN EACH OF THESE CATEGORIES, TO ADDRESS THE DRIVERS HAD MIXED REACTIONS. IN THIS STUDY, CITIZENS ARE AWARE OF THE SIGNS WAS MEASURED THROUGH QUESTIONNAIRE. THE RESULTS SUGGEST THAT LACK OF INFORMATION AND GOOD FAITH AND TRUST CITIZENS, WHILE THE EXISTENCE OF THIS SIGNS IN THE CITY FROM PUBLIC OPINION IS NECESSARY. CULTURE IS CONSIDERED VERY IMPORTANT. AND MOST CRUCIAL TOOL TO ARRANGE MEDIA, BANNER, EDUCATION, EMAIL AND SOCIAL NETWORKING, SMS AND THE PRESS. THE BEST COLORS OF THE DAY, GREEN, AND RED COLORS IN THE MOST DIFFICULT DAYS, ORANGE (YELLOWISH), RESPECTIVELY. AS WELL AS THE MOST APPROPRIATE COLOR RED HAS BEEN INTRODUCED FOR THE NIGHT AND FOGGY CONDITIONS.

THE ANALYSIS ON SUSTAINABLE GEOMETRIC SYSTEM USED IN FORMATIVE STRUCTURE OF CARAVANSERAIS WILL IDENTIFY PARTICULAR SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP UTILIZED IN STRUCTURE OF THESE MONUMENTS. THERE HAVE BEEN COORDINATED SYSTEMS IN CONSTRUCTION OF THE STUDIED OFF-ROAD CARAVANSERAIS IN SUSTAINABLE FORM OVER THE TIME THAT HAS BEEN ASSUMED AS CORNERSTONES THAT GAVE IDENTITY TO THEIR ARCHITECTURE. THESE CORNERSTONES ARE INTEGRATED PART OF CLASSIC PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE BUT UNFORTUNATELY FOLLOWING TO LOSING THEM IN MODERN AGE, SOME OF MYSTERIES OF CLASSIC SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE HAVE BEEN FORGOTTEN. FEW RESEARCHERS HAVE BEEN WORKING ON GEOMETRY AND STRUCTURE FOR ORGANIZING SPACE OF PLAN IN CARAVANSERAIS. THESE STUDIES HAVE BEEN ALSO LESSER LED TO ACHIEVING A CERTAIN SYSTEM IN RELATION TO OVERT AND COVERT GEOMETRY OF THE GIVEN MONUMENT. THIS ARTICLE HAS INVESTIGATED CARAVANSERAI FROM PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE GEOMETRY USED IN FORMATIVE STRUCTURE OF MONUMENT FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE ABOVE-SAID PROCESS WILL LEAD TO ACHIEVING A SPECIFIC REGULAR SYSTEM IN DESIGN OF PLAN FOR CARAVANSERAIS. THIS SURVEY IS FOUNDED ON BASIS OF LIBRARIAN STUDIES AND FIELD INVESTIGATIONS. THE GEOMETRIC SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN ANALYZED AFTER REVIEWS ON THE GIVEN MONUMENTS IN EACH OF THEM AND THEN SUSTAINABLE GEOMETRIC SYSTEMS WERE REVEALED AS THE INSEPARABLE PART OF ARCHITECTURE OF CARAVANSERAIS. LIKEWISE, IT WAS CLARIFIED FROM THE CONDUCTED ANALYSES THESE ITERATIVE SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN FORMED ACCORDING TO SMART THOUGHTS BY ARCHITECT OF MONUMENT.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DUE TO ENVIRONMENT STABILITY, WATER AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, HEALTH CONCERNS OF PHENOL COMPOUNDS, PHENOL REMOVAL IS IMPORTANT. FOR THIS PURPOSE, THE PRESENT STUDY WAS EVALUATING THE PHENOL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY BY DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MORINGAOLEIFERA POD FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS.MATERIALS AND METHODS: IN THIS STUDY, THE MORINGAOLEIFERA POD WAS USED AS CARBON SOURCE IN ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION. THE ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION PROTOCOL IS INCLUDING DEHYDRATION FOR DEBRIS REMOVAL AND THERMAL ACTIVATION. AFTER PREPARATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON, THE EFFECTIVE PARAMETERS ON PHENOL ADSORPTION PROCESS INCLUDING SOLUTION PH, CONTACT TIME, INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF PHENOL AND ACTIVATED CARBON DOSES WAS STUDIED. IN ADDITION, THE OBTAINED DATA WASTESTED VIA LANGMUIR AND FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM.RESULTS: THE OBTAINED RESULTS SHOWED THAT THE HIGHEST PHENOL ADSORPTION WAS OCCURRED AT NEUTRAL SOLUTION PH. WITH INCREASING OF SOLUTION PH, THE PHENOL REMOVAL WAS DECREASED. ALSO, WITH INCREASING CONTACT TIME FROM 5 MI TO 840 MIN, THE PHENOL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY WAS IMPROVED FROM 23% TO 94%. IN ADDITION WITH INCREASING INITIAL CONCENTRATION OF PHENOL REDUCING ADSORBENT DOSE, THE PHENOL REMOVAL EFFICIENCY WAS DESCENDED. THE OBTAINED RESULTS ARE IN LINE TO FREUNDLICH ISOTHERM AND ADSORPTION CAPACITY VARIED FROM 6.5 TO 7.2 MG/G IN THE STUDIED INITIAL PHENOL CONCENTRATION.CONCLUSION: THE OBTAINED RESULTS DEMONSTRATED THAT DERIVED ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MORINGAOLEIFERA POD HAVE HIGH EFFICIENCY FOR PHENOL REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS. WITH RESPECT OF THIS FACT THAT THE MORINGAOLEIFERA IS GROWN IN THE SOUTHERN OF IRAN AND DON’T USE FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION, THE MORINGAOLEIFERA COULD BE CONSIDERED AS LOW COST SOURCES FOR ACTIVATED CARBON PREPARATION.

THE UNESCO CREATIVE CITIES NETWORK (UCCN) WAS CREATED IN 2004 TO PROMOTE COOPERATION WITH AND AMONG CITIES THAT HAVE IDENTIFIED CREATIVITY AS A STRATEGIC FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT. CREATIVE LOCATIONS BECOME A KEY ELEMENT OF PUBLIC REGENERATION STRATEGIES AND DEVELOP INNOVATIVE SERVICES BASED ON KNOWLEDGEABLE PROPERTY. A CREATIVE CITY IS SUPPOSED TO DEVELOP IMAGINATIVE AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS FOR A RANGE OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS: ECONOMIC STAGNANCY, URBAN SHRINKAGE, SOCIAL SEGREGATION, GLOBAL COMPETITION OR MORE.THIS PAPER WILL EXAMINE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A CREATIVE CITY WITH REGARDS TO PRINCIPLES OF URBAN PLANNING DURING THE SAFAVID ERA AND PRESENT A MODEL AND A TOOL FOR GUIDING THE DESIGNER, PLANNER, OR ADMINISTRATOR THROUGH A LIFETIME OF CONSERVATION BASED, SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES. THE ECOSTEPSM METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSMENTS AND THE USE OF LANDRY’S CREATIVITY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IS USED TO PLAN ANY LARGE URBAN PROJECT LOCATED AT ISFAHAN, IRAN, AS A MEMBER OF THE CREATIVE CITIES NETWORK.

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IS AN INTEGRAL PART OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND GENERALLY BETWEEN 20 TO 50 PERCENTAGES OF MUNICIPAL BUDGETS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS ALLOCATED TO THIS KIND OF MANAGEMENT. THIS DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON THE STRUCTURE AND COOPERATION BETWEEN FAMILIES, COMMUNITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, BUT ALSO ON THE SELECTING AND APPLYING APPROPRIATE TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS FOR THE COLLECTION, TRANSFER, RECYCLING AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE. IN ADDITION, WASTE MANAGEMENT HAS IMPORTANT ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC AND INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY OF URBAN ECONOMICS. TEHRAN, THE CAPITAL OF IRAN, WITH THE POPULATION OF OVER 12 MILLION HAS 11 TONS OF WASTE PRODUCED PER DAY AND THIS IS CONSIDERED A FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM. THE NECESSITY OF A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT BETWEEN TEHRAN AND THE INDUSTRIALIZED DEVELOPED COUNTRIES IN ORDER TO DETERMINING THE PRESENT SITUATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IS SO OBVIOUS BASED ON THE AFOREMENTIONED PROBLEMS AND THE FACT THAT DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HAS MADE SIGNIFICANT STEPS IN THE DIRECTION OF IMPROVING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT. AN OVERVIEW OF DIFFERENT ASPECTS AND EMPHASIS ON MANAGERIAL, TECHNICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT HAS BEEN DONE IN THIS PAPER. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL FACTORS SUCH AS POPULATION GROWTH AND ON EXCELLENCE OF WASTE MANAGEMENT IN COUNTRIES BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT.

VILLAGES OF LAVASANT SECTION OF SHEMIRANAT IS ONE OF THE ATTRACTIVE CENTERS IN LOCATIONAL, REGIONAL, NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LEVEL OF IRAN VILLAGES OF THIS SECTION HAS RELIGIOUS, HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND ECOTOURIST ATTRACTIONS. THEREFORE OPTIMIZED UTILIZATION FROM BEING CAPACITIES WITH IDENTIFICATION OF WEEKNESS AND STRENGTH, OPPORTUNITY AND THREAT IS NESSECCARY IN BEING TOURISM SITUATION FIELDIN THIS REGION IN ORDRER TO PRESENTATION AND CODIFICATION OF RURAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY. THIS RESEARCH IS APPLIED RESEARCH FROM KIND OF GOAL AND IS DESCRIPTIVE-ANALYTIC FROM KIND OF METHOD. REQUIRED DATA HAS OBTAINED FROM DOCUMENTARY AND FIELD STUDY INVESTIGATION. IN THIS RESEARCH USING SWOT METHOD AND ANALYSIS OF EXISTING SITUATIONS, INTERNAL FEATURES (WEEKNESS AND STRENGTH) AND EXTERNAL FEATURES (OPPORTUNITY AND THREAT) AND NESSECCARY STRATEGIES IDENTIFIED. EVALUATION OF EXISTING SITUATIONS SHOWS THAT VILLAGES OF LAVASANT SECTION OF SHEMIRANAT STAND AT A RATHER APPROPRIATE SITUATION. ALSO RESEARCH FINDING SHOWS THAT TOURISM CONDITIONS OF THIS REGION IS IN ATTRACTIVE STRATEGY SITUATION AND SHOULD USE CORRECTLY FROM POTENTIALS AND ABILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ACHIEVE DESIRE RESULT IN TOURISM AFFAIRS.

AS MANY RESEARCHERS RECOMMEND, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NATURAL ELEMENTS SUCH AS DAY LIGHTING, AT THE ONSET OF THE ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS IS ESSENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS. IMPLEMENTATION OF SUCCESSFUL DAY LIGHTING STRATEGIES IN BUILDINGS DESIGNS GIVES RISE TO AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SPATIAL QUALITY AND SAVES THE REQUIRED ENERGY; HOWEVER, THIS IS NOT TRUE FOR THE ARTIFICIAL LIGHT. DAY LIGHTING HAS BECOME A DESIGN MANDATE IN THE CASE OF CERTAIN SPACES, E.G. CLASSROOMS IN EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS. MANY RESEARCHERS HAVE INDICATED A RELATION BETWEEN HOW CLASSROOMS ARE DESIGNED AND THE STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE. THIS PAPER DISCUSSES A CASE STUDY OF THE NEWLY-BUILT PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ISFAHAN, IRAN (SINCE 2005) WITH A MAJOR FOCUS ON PROVISION OF THE ADEQUATE DAY LIGHTING IN THE EDUCATIONAL SPACES UTILIZING THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES. A COMPREHENSIVE DAY LIGHTING EVALUATION WAS CONDUCTED ON ALL EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES OF THE PROPOSED CONCEPTUAL DESIGN. THE RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THIS EVALUATION WERE IMPLEMENTED IN THE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT STAGES. THE INITIAL CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DRAWINGS AS WELL AS THE FINAL DESIGNS ARE DESCRIBED. THE CURRENT PAPER SUMMARIZES THE DAY LIGHTING DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS AND DESCRIBES THE DAY LIGHTING SIMULATION PROCESS AND ANALYSIS FOR DECISION MAKING IN DESIGN. IT ALSO INDICATES THE ANNUAL ENERGY SAVING AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS A RESULT OF THE DAY LIGHTING-CONSCIOUS DESIGN OF THE CLASSROOMS.

BACKGROUND: HEAVY METALS ARE SORTED AND RELEASE IT EARLIER THAN POLLUTANTS DUE TO NON-BIODEGRADABILITY, TOXICITY ZYADV CUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF LIVING CREATURES ARE CONSIDERED A THREAT TO THE INPUT. CADMIUM IS A TOXIC HEAVY METALS DUE TO ACCUMULATIVE PROPERTY OF CHOLERA IMPORTED FOOD ZNJYRH PENETRATE THE TISSUE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM BECOMES IMPAIRED. ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION OF CADMIUM IN DRINKING WATER AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER PURIFIED, RESPECTIVELY, 25.0, 0.05. MILLIGRAMS PER LITER. METHODS FOR THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER THERE ARE SEVERAL DARDMANND CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION, ION EXCHANGE, MEMBRANE SEPARATION, EVAPORATION AND ABSORPTION ELECTROCHEMICAL REVIVAL. THE PROCESS OF ABSORPTION BY A VARIETY OF ABSORBENT IS AN IDEAL WAY OF ELECTIONS AND THEIR RESULTS.METHODS: THIS ARTICLE IS A REVIEW. FOR ARTICLES OBTAINED FROM SEARCHING ELECTRONIC RESOURCES USING THREE KEYWORDS MAIN CADMIUM, ABSORBENT, AN AQUEOUS SOLUTION DATABASE GOOGLE. OVIDSCHOLAR / SID / PUBMED / SCIENCEDIREC WAS USED, OF 60 ARTICLES WERE BASED ON CONTINUITY WITH THE THEME OF 38 ARTICLES WITHIN DURING 2002 TO 2016 WERE SELECTED.CONCLUSION: RESEARCH CARRIED OUT WITH DIFFERENT SORBENT FOR THE REMOVAL OF CADMIUM SHOWED THAT BIOLOGICAL ADSORBENT, ACTIVATED CARBON GAC, ACTIVE CARBON BAC, NATURAL ZEOLITE NANOPARTICLES ARE ABSORBED POWER. BUT ABSORBED BY THE NANOPARTICLES DUE TO ITS SPECIAL STRUCTURE WITH HIGHER ENERGY.

IN COMPARISON WITH SEVERAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW) ELIMINATING MEASURES ( SUCH AS: INCINERATION AND COMPOSTING) LANDFILLING IS THE MOST COMMON ONE, AS ESTIMATES REPRESENTS 52, 90 AND 95% OF URBAN WASTES ARE DISPOSED THROUGH LANDFILL SITES, RESPECTIVELY, IN KOREA, POLAND AND TAIWAN. LANDFILLS WOULD PLANNED AND DESIGNED TO ISOLATE SOLID WASTE MATERIAL BY BURIAL IN ORDER TO DECREASE HUMAN HEALTH HAZARDS. SUSTAINABLE LANDFILL OPERATION AND ITS LEACHATE TREATMENT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT DUE TO PREVENT LANDFILL LEACHATE FROM PROVIDING SERIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS. THIS PAPER IS A REVIEW OF LANDFILL OPERATING SYSTEMS (AEROBIC, SEMI-AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC) AND LANDFILL LEACHATE PRODUCTION, CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT METHODS (1. CONVENTIONAL TREATMENT 2. BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT 3. NEW TREATMENTS). EFFECTS OF EACH OPERATION SYSTEMS ON LANDFILL LEACHATE QUALITY LIKE: ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ARE GIVEN. BENEFITS AND HURDLES OF THE VARIOUS TREATMENTS ARE ALSO DISCUSSED AND CONSIDERING THE INCREASINGLY STRINGENT DISCHARGE STANDARDS WE ARE PROPOSING TO UNDERSTAND EACH TREATMENT PROCESS EFFICIENCY.

TODAY, ENERGY CONSUMPTION HAS BECOME AN URBAN PROBLEM AS A CONSEQUENCE OF THE URBAN POPULATION GROWTH, ESPECIALLY IN IRAN IN WHICH THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION IS 5.4 TIMES THE GLOBAL AVERAGE. ACCORDINGLY, SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IS DEVELOPING DRAMATICALLY. AS AN EXAMPLE OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS SUPPORTED ECONOMICALLY BY THE GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, SCHOOLS CAN BE CONSIDERED AS LEADING ENTITIES IN LAYING THE CULTURAL GROUNDWORK FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT CONSTRUCTIONS. LIGHTING IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST ENERGY USED IN SCHOOLS, SO DAY LIGHTING CAN PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN REDUCING THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION. ON THE OTHER HAND, DAY LIGHTING CAN BE HELPFUL IN IMPROVING THE EDUCATIONAL QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF THE STUDENTS AS WELL AS THEIR PHYSICAL AND SPIRITUAL HEALTH. SO, IN THIS ARTICLE, PERFORMING PHOTOMETRY IN SEVERAL NEWLY BUILT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS (CONSTRUCTED SINCE 2005) IN ISFAHAN, IRAN, WE EVALUATED THE ORIENTATION OF THE CLASS ROOMS AND WINDOW TYPES IN TERMS OF RECEIVING THE NATURAL LIGHT. SAMPLES WERE EVALUATED UNDER SUNNY AND PARTLY SUNNY SKY CONDITIONS IN THE SPRING, FALL AND WINTER. IN THE MEANTIME, ZONING WAS DONE FOR THE CLASSROOMS ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT OF THE INCOMING LIGHT AND GLARE. THE RESULTS WERE COMPARED WITH THE REQUIRED AMOUNT OF LIGHT FOR A VARIETY OF USER ACTIVITIES IN THE FORM OF SOME DIAGRAMS. THE BEST ORIENTATION AND WINDOW TYPES FOR RECEIVING THE DAYLIGHT AND ALSO THE ZONES WITH ADEQUATE LIGHT WERE DETERMINED. THIS LEADED TO CLARIFY SOME SOLUTIONS IN THREE AREAS INCLUDING, THE FORM OF THE CLASSROOMS, ORIENTATION AND WINDOW TYPES FOR DESIGNING THE SCHOOLS AND IMPROVING THE CURRENT STATUS TO RECEIVE THE BEST NATURAL LIGHT AND ELIMINATE THE ARTIFICIAL LIGHT.

PLACE ATTACHMENT AND PLACE DEPENDENCE ARE TWO ASPECTS OF PEOPLE’S BONDING TO PLACE THAT ARE CONSIDERED COMPLIMENTARY COMPONENTS. PLACE ATTACHMENT IS A MEASURE OF THE EMOTIONAL BONDING THAT PEOPLE HAVE TO THEIR NEIGHBORHOOD OR OTHER PLACES. WHEN PLACE ATTACHMENT IS APPLIED TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD IT CAN BE EXPRESSED AS A STRONG FEELING OF BEING AT HOME OR THE UNWILLINGNESS TO LEAVE THE PLACE. THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PHYSICAL PLACE AND SOCIAL NETWORKS TO PLACE ATTACHMENT HAVE NOT BEEN AT THE FOREFRONT OF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY PLANNING. THE PREDOMINANT APPROACH HAS AVOIDED THE QUESTION OF HOW TO GUIDE PEOPLE TOWARDS BECOMING A KEY FACTOR OF THEIR COMMUNITIES. EVEN THOUGH THE CONCEPT HAS ORIGINALLY BEEN DEVELOPED FOR AMERICAN AND EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING, IT COULD ALSO BE ADAPTED TO OTHER NEIGHBORHOODS. THIS PAPER WILL EXAMINE THE PREDICTORS OF PLACE ATTACHMENT IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF JOLFA IN SEARCH OF THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH SUSTAINABILITY. SURVEYS AND FACE-TO-FACE INTERVIEWS WERE CONDUCTED TO INVESTIGATE PLACE ATTACHMENT AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ATTACHMENT AND THE PHYSICAL AND SOCIAL PREDICTORS OF THE SOCIAL SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD. THE FINDINGS INDICATE A SIGNIFICANT ATTACHMENT TO THE NEIGHBORHOOD, WHICH CONTRIBUTES TO THE PERSONS’ TENDENCY TO REMAIN IN THE COMMUNITY. ALSO, PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS OF ATTACHMENT ARE REGARDED AS ESSENTIAL IN DEVELOPING PLACE DEPENDENCE RESULTING IN ATTACHMENT.