Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2016 | Volume:22 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Background and Aim: Diabetics are in need of assistance and education in order to know and understand their health status; decision making for health care, health behavior changes, and improving health care.According to WHO, education is the cornerstone of diabetes treatment. Key goals of diabetes education are behavior change and promotion of self-care. Emotional self-care, which requires special attention, is a type of self-feeling an individual has regarding himself/herself and his/her own abilities to manage different emotions; and fight against various problems.The current study aimed at comparing between the effect of group education and that of group counseling on emotional self-care in type II diabetics.Materials and Methods: In a clinical trial, 112 type II diabetics referring to Mashhad Parsian Diabetes Clinic in 2014 were selected through convenient sampling.They were randomly allocated into three groups; i.e. counseling (n=37), education (n=37), and control (n=38). Group counseling and group education were held for five sessions (1.5 hours each) every three days; each group consisting of 8 to 10 patients. A researcher-designed diabetes emotional care questionnaire was filled out before and two months after the intervention per each subject.Finally the obtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS (V.11.5) applying paired. T-Test and ANOVA at the significant level of P=0.05.Results: The groups did not show any significant differences in emotional self-care before the intervention (P=0.834). After the intervention, however, self-care significantly decreased in patients who had group counseling (36.3±14.7) and group education (31.5±11.4) compared to the control group (50.5±19.1); P=0.001.Conclusion: Regarding the results, one can say not only group education but also group counseling can improve emotional self-care in diabetics. Thus, it is recommended that with regard to ability, experience, and knowledge of nurses and capabilities of the subjects either of these two methods should be used in self- care of. type II diabetics.

Background and Aim: Iranian physicians and nurses are not aware of the total extent of HB vaccination, as the most effective way of preventing HBV infection. The current review study aimed at determining the extent of HB vaccination in these two groups.Materials and Methods: The current study was done on the basis of received information from Magiran, Iran medex, IranDoc, SID, Medlib and international databases including Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct and also Google Scholar searching motor between.1993 and 2015, using standard key words. Searching and extraction of data was independently done by two. reviewers. Then, the reviewed articles that had the inclusion criteria were studied. The obtained data was analyzed by means of random effect model and meta-analyses method, using Stata software (Ver: 11.1) Results: A total of 4104 subjects were studied in 16 articles.. Hepatitis B vaccination history in physicians and nurses were 88.7% (CI: 95%: 81.4-96) and 93.5% (CI: 95%: 65.3-86.7), respectively. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage of physicians and nurses was estimated to be 73.1 % (CI: 95%: 53.2-92.9) and 76% (CI: 95%: 65.3-86.7), respectively. The relationship between hepatitis B vaccinations coverage with the year of study in physicians was not statistically significant (P=0.146). But, in nurses this relationship was significant (P=0.016).Conclusion: The obtained results show in spite of the fact that approximately two-thirds of physicians and nurses have their complete vaccination plan this fraction is far from an ideal state and it requires to be promoted.

Background and Aim: Brittle star possess bioactive compounds which confer the wound healing capacity and regenerative potency of damaged arms and organisms to this creature. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective effect of the star extract on liver damages induced by carbon tetrachloride in adult male Wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control, Sham exposed, experimental 1 (treated with %25 extract) and experimental 2 (treated with %50 extract) of star Ophiocoma Erinaceus. The control group received no treatment. The sham exposed groups received carbon tetrachloride. (50% in olive oil).0.5 ml/kg for 7 days. The experimental groups firstly received carbon tetrachloride, then received %25, %50 brittle star extract as intragastric for 7 days.Finally, the animals were sacrificed, and their bodies and livers were weighed. Then, the livers sections were prepared and were examined by means of light microscope. Finally, the obtained quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS (V: 20), Mini Tab software, ANOVA, and Tukey. at the significant level of P<0.001.Results: Carbon tetrachloride significantly decreased the rats’ body weight, but it increased their livers weight (P<0.001). Histopathological evaluations showed.extensive liver damage. On the other hand, treatment with brittle star extract. ncreased liver weight, reduced. body weight and significantly altered other induced changes by carbon tetrachloride on liver structure such as hepatocytes number, Kupffer cells, and arteritis, which indicated the improvement of damaged liver tissue (P<0.001).Conclusion: It was found that brittle star extract can exert protective effects on liver damages induced by carbon tetrachloride on male Wistar rat.

Background and Aim: Osteoporosis is a complex disease characterized by loss of bone mass, resulting in bone weakness and an increase in susceptibility to fractures. The aim of the current study was to determine skeletal changes induced by two progressive loading training programs on the bone properties of osteoporotic male rats.Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 30 Wistar male rats having mean weight of 180-200 g. They were divided into.5 equal groups. In the experimental group, osteoporosis was induced through intraperitoneal injection of 20% ethanol solution (3g/kg/day) for four consecutive days for 3 weeks.The rest of the groups were baseline group (pre test), resistance training, endurance training, and the control.The two training groups completed 12 five-day weeks of training program. according to resistance or endurance protocols. The other 6 rats were considered as the healthy group without any intervention. At the end of the intervention, the animals were killed and their bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur and L4, L5 were measured. Tensile max load of the left tibia and compression of the L5 vertebra were measured using mechanical tests.Results: The endurance (P=0.035) and resistance (P=0.001) groups femur BMD had significantly increased compared to that of the control. L4, L5 BMD in resistance training and control was significantly greater than that of endurance group (P=0.001, P=0.001). The tensile maximum load of the tibia and compression of the L5 in the resistance group was significantly greater than the control (P=0.01, P=0.03).Conclusion: Resistance training, compared to endurance training, can induce more effective favourable changes in bone mineral status and bone strength.

Background and Aim: There are several reports regarding anti-inflammatory and tissue repair properties of the plant Achillea, but neuroprotective role of ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium has not been studied after peripheral nerve injury. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to assess neuroprotective effects.of Achillea millefolium ethanolic extract on the spinal cord alpha motor neuons after sciatic nerve compression in male rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 30 male Wistar rats each weighing 200-250g were chosen and were randomly divided into 5 equal groups including control, compressed, and three compressed groups plus intraperitoneal injection of Achillea millefolium ethanolic extract with the concentration of 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg; once a week for three weeks.. Sciatic nerve compression in these four groups. was done using hematostatic forceps for 60 seconds. After 28 days, L4, L5, S1, and S3 of the spinal cord were sampled using perfusion method. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was done by means of one-way Anova and Tukey post- hoc test using SPSS (version 19) at the significant level of P<0.05.Results: It was found that a-motor neurons density in the compression group (666.6±39.17) significantly decreased compared to the control group (1754±34.22); P<0.001. Neural density in the groups treated with ethanolic extract, i.e.50 mg/kg., 75 mg/kg, .and.100 mg/kg was 1236±69.72., .1444.3±39.17, .and 1546.3±57.39 respectively; which showed a significant increase compared to the compression group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Achillea millefolium had a neuroprotective effect after sciatic nerve compression. Presumably, this is due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds in the plant.

Background and Aim: Statistics show that 30% to 40 % of opium addicted fathers’ children are prone to substance abuse in the future. The present study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of cognitive therapy approach to attitude changing of adolescents with substance dependent fathers.Materials and Methods: In this controlled. field-trail randomized study..data collection tool was “attitude to addiction questionnaire”. The study population was all male students in the first grade of high school in Maneh - Samalghan city. Six sessions of group cognitive therapy based on the effectiveness of drug sideeffects in drug-addicted fathers’ adolescent children’s attitude were held. The above-mentioned questionnaire was filled out before and after intervention. The obtained data was fed into SPSS software (V: 16) using. Independent t-test.and paired t-test were used for analysis and P<0.05 was taken as the significant level.Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in pre-test regarding their attitude about drug abuse (P=.20%). Mean score variance from pre-test to post-test in the intervention group decreased, but in the control group, it showed a slight increase. This means that the intervention reduced the positive attitude towards drugs, but the changes were not statistically significant (p=0.57). Besides, among ten factors decisive in an individual’s attitude about addiction, only group cognitive therapy was able to decrease mean points of an individual’s attitude about drug abuse. Significantly (P=0.04).Conclusion: It was found that group cognitive therapy education about opium addict complicationsdidn`t have a significant effect on the attitude of the students with addicted fathers. Thus, a change of adolescents’attitude requires more research.

Background and Aim: Selecting the appropriate form of anterior teeth in patients without teeth is important factor in restoring the missing beauty of the patient. For this purpose, the study of natural teeth in terms of investigating the relationship between dimensions and forms and its prevalence in the Iranian community is essential.Materials and Methods: This analytic and descriptive study was done with participation of 300 eligible patients and students with different genders. Where a maxillary impression was taken and poured in yellow stone. They were measured for length and 3 horizontal distances on the upper incisor consisting of cervical width, middle width and incisal width, by digital caliper with 0.01mm accuracy, and the prevalence of tooth form determined. Normal distribution variables were analyzed with logistic regression.Results: Analysis indicated that Average length and width of the maxillary central incisor in order is 9.12 ± 0.87 mm and is 8.44 ± 0.59 mm and average ratio of length and width is 0.92 ± 0.08 mm Horizontal and vertical dimensions of the clinical crown in the men slightly more than women, and the prevalence of tooth form thus obtained: oval incisior (53%), tapered-square (21.3%), tapered (16.7%), and square (9%). A significant correlation only could be shown between shape and width (p<0.05).Conclusion: With increasing the width of the central maxillary tooth, oval shape was observed more frequently than square form. Meantime of choosing dental form, oval form considered more because of its high incidence.

Background and Aim: Clinical educational environment is very important to better prepare medical students. The aim of the present study was to determine the current status of clinical education in the main wards of the hospitals affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences from the residents’ and interns’ viewpoints.Materials and Methods: This study was a across-sectional one, which was conducted between Marh to October 2014. Totally, 116 interns and residents participated in the study. Checklists of demographic information and DREEM questionnaires, which contained 50 questions each covering five domains of learning, teachers, perception of one’s scientific ability, educational situation, and social condition understanding, were completed by the students.The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (V: 15) software, using independent T and ANOVA.Results: Mean age of the students was 25.8±2.8 years. Mean score of clinical education in the main educational hospital wards was 155.03±27.86 of maximum 200.Mean score of students’ perceptions of learning was 35.89±8.30, perceptions of teachers was 34.32±6.36, academic self-perception was 25.93±4.82; perception of the academic atmosphere was 37.19±6.49, and that of social self-perception was 21.55±5.12.Mean score of clinical education in the assistants was higher than that of the interns. (P=0.004) Mean score of clinical education was significantly different in the main hospital wards. (P=0.001) Conclusion: The current status of the clinical education environment is desirable from learners' viewpoints.In some wards, such as the internal ward, the university authorities are expected to pay more attention to improving clinical education.

Background and Aim: Management of patients with outpatient diseases is the most important part of general practitioners working environment in future. The present study aimed at evaluating medical interns and graduates’ self-assessment regarding their attitude about children outpatients in pediatric ward.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive study 40 medical interns. and 20 medical graduates were selected as samples in 2013 and their attitude about quality and effectiveness of pediatric ward education was evaluated through their self-assessment by means of a researcher-designed questionnaire based on Likert scale. Mean attitude points of the subjects in three domains of diagnosis, treatment, and prescription of drugs regarding four groups of diseases including microbial diseases, parasitic diseases, neonatal diseases, and malnutrition were accounted.Finally, the obtained data was fed into SPSS (V: 11.5) software and and was analyzed using independent Ttest at the significant level ofα=0.05.Results: The medical graduates’ attitude scores in the three domains of diagnosis, treatment, and prescription were 3.2.±0.27, 3.21±0.30, and 3.06±0.37; and those of medical interns were 3.44±0.58, 3.21±0.55, and 2.97±0.59, respectively. The highest and lowest attitude mean scores of both groups in all of the three domains belonged to neonatal disorders and parasitic diseases. Mean attitude scores of the two groups in the three mentioned domains were not significantly different.Conclusion: The intern’ self-assessment scores of attitude about children outpatients were not at a high level; and they did not increase parallel to working experience. Thus, improving clinical education is the main solution of the problem.

Background and Aim: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causative agents of nosocomial infections that threatens many lives.Regarding the innate and adaptive ability of the bacteria species to become resistant to many antimicrobial agents, recognition of different antibiotic resistance patterns is extremely significant in assessing the validity of the monitoring programs. Also, the pattern of genetic isolates is essential in the management of infections caused by these bacteria. The purpose of this study was to determine genetic diversity and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates using RAPD-PCR.Materials and Methods: The present study aimed at assessing the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistant pattern of P. aeruginosa isolates in the educational Zabol hospitals. Thus, antibiotic susceptibility of 100 isolates was determined applying Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: RAPD-PCR data revealed a high level of polymorphism among the isolates of P. aeruginosa in Sistan. But, no association was observed between antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity pattern.Conclusion: In the present study, we RAPD-PCR technique was found to be a useful means for the investigation of the genetic variation and epidemiological study among P. aeruginosa isolates collected from Sistan region.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important disease and occurred in lower extremities, commonly.Approximately 10% of all cases of DVT involve the upper extremities. Upper-extremity DVT is an increasingly entity due to more catheter user and pace maker implantation. Because of potential risk of Pulmonary embolism, Upper-extremity DVT is clinically important condition. Involvement of upper extremity DVT is due to catheter, trauma, infection, mechanical obstruction, IV drug abusing, surgery, etc.Primary Upper-extremity DVT is a rare disorder that refers either to effort thrombosis (the so-called Paget-Schroetter Syndrome) or idiopathic. Patients with Paget-Schroetter Syndrome develop in young and healthy people, in dominant arm and after strenuous activity such as weight lifting, baseball pitching, etc.In this article we report a young patient suffering from pain and swelling caused by the movement of glaciers in the right hand. After color Doppler ultrasonography and Venography, Upper-extremity DVT recognized. He was treated by anticoagulant.We will also talk about the next treatment and patient, s 4-years follow up.In the present article. a young patient with a diagnosis of right arm DVT post exertion with Paget-Schroetter syndrome and 4 years follow up is presented.

Metastatic tumors in the nose and paranasal sinuses are rare. In the present paper, a 68 year old man with metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the left frontoethmoidal region 4 years after initial nephrectomy is presented..Pathologic diagnosis of the case was Clear Cell Carcinoma. The patient complained of mild nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis, but the significant symptom was bulging in medial canthus from 20 days before. Clinical and endoscopic examinations of the left nasal cavity revealed a vascular mass in the axillary of the middle turbinate and anterior ethmoidal sinuses extending to the left orbital cavity.The patient was treated with partial endoscopic sinus resection and chemoradiotherapy. He had a complete clinical response without any significant complications and recurrence of the tumor after 6 months follow up using interanasal endoscopic examination.