Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2019 | Volume:25 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:10

Background and Aim: Nowadays, using of natural and traditional supplements has become widespread in order to better exercise sports skills by improving body composition and increasing strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of saffron and resistance training on serum leptin levels, body composition and muscle strength in non-athletic young men. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 30 young non-athletes were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two groups: resistance training and saffron supplementation (15), and resistance training (15 people). Both groups performed the exercise protocol with four sessions of resistance training per week with 60-70% of a maximal repeat. Also, the first group consumed a single 150 mg pill of pure saffron daily. At the beginning and the end of the study, blood samples were taken for measurement of leptin, body biometric measurements were measured by BIA impedance biomechanical method, and high trunk and trunk strength were measured by chest compression and foot press, respectively. Data analysis was performed with dependent independent t tests. Results: There was a significant difference in the level of leptin, body fat percentage and lean mass between the resistance training group and saffron supplementation and resistance training group (p≤ 0. 05), upper and lower body strengths were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: According to the results, resistance training along with taking a saffron supplement can improve body composition in non-athletes men, but it does not improve upper and lower body strength.

Background and Aim: The positive effects of exercise on brain function and increased expression of neuronal growth factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor or (BDNF), have been proven. To the further investigate the molecular mechanisms of these changes, As well as knowing that miR-10b is one of the BDNF expression regulators, the effect of exercise on the relative expression of miR-10b (microRNA-10) in female rats was evaluated. Since they have shown in previous studies, Exercise through the interaction with estrogen hormone increases the expression of BDNF, The effect of exercise on the expression of miR-10b in rats without ovarian was also measured. Materials and Methods: In this study, 42 female Wistar rats were selected and divided into two groups: intact and without ovarian. The rats without ovarian have spent ovariectomy surgery and were used in the experiments after a month. The exercise protocol was four weeks running on the treadmill. Real time PCR was used to determine the relative expression of miR-10b in the hippocampus of rats. Results: The expression of miR-10b in the Sham-exercise group didn’ t show any significant difference as compared to the control group in both intact and OVX rats. Compulsive exercise with treadmill did not make any significant changes in the expression of this gene in both types intact and OVX rats (P ˃ 0. 05). But the BDNF expression of OVX rats was significantly increased (P ˂ 0. 05). In fact, there was no correlation between miR-10b expression and exercise-induced BDNF expression changes. Conclusion: In fact, this study failed to prove the association of expression of miR-10b with the increase of BDNF expression which is the result of the interaction of exercise and estrogen hormone and this miRNA can’ t be as a regulator of BDNF expression.

Background and Aim: In traditional medicine Viola odorata (VO) has been used as anti-inflammatory, hypnotic, sedative, antioxidant, anti-anxiety, and therapist for neuropsychiatric disorders; Hence, in the present study, the antidepressant effect of VO hydroalcoholic extract in mice was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, one hundred-fourteen male albino mice were randomly divided into normal saline or control (10ml/kg, i. p), fluoxetine (20mg/kg, i. p), imipramine (30mg/kg, i. p) and, VO extract (50, 100, 200, 400 mg/kg, i. p), respectively. The antidepressant-like activity was performed by behavioral tests as forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and open field test. Results: The VO extract (100 to 400 mg/kg) reduced immobility time in both FST and TST (P<0. 01 and P<0. 001, respectively). The extract increased swimming time (P<0. 01 and P<0. 001, respectively) without significant change of climbing time (P>0. 05). In OFT, doses of 200mg / kg and 400mg / kg of VO caused the reduced the number of crossings from the square and on the two feet (P <0. 05 and P <0. 01 respectively). Conclusion: Probably; the acute doses of the Viola odorata; Similar to fluoxetine; Are likely to cause antidepressant effects.

Background and Aim: Rapid and precise typing of E. coli is a prerequisite for epidemiological surveillance and controlling of infection caused by this bacterium. The present study was conducted to determine the molecular diversity of E. coli strains isolated from human and swimming pools samples using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) method. Materials and Methods: This was descriptive-analytic study was conducted, from 2014 to 2016. The target population in this study were 45 isolates of E. coli (25 isolates from human, 20 isolates from swimming pools sample), all of which were confirmed by biochemical and molecular methods. They were then classified using the ERIC-PCR technique. Results: Generally, in ERIC-PCR product electrophoresis, 3-7 different bands were observed in the range of 100 to 1500 bp. A total of 21 ERIC-PCR profiles were found among all of the studied isolates, that included 12 profiles among human isolates and 10 profiles among swimming pools isolates, and there was one similar profile between them. Based on the results of the dendrogram, 2 main clusters and 7 categories (A to G) were observed. Conclusion: All isolates were typed using ERIC-PCR and high genetic diversity was observed among the isolates. On the other hand, the presence of common profiles among both sources indicates the possible rotation of these isolates between human-water-humans.

Background and Aim: For the treatment of osteoporosis, bisphosphonates are commonly used as oral or injectable compounds. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effect of oral alendronate with injectable pamidronate on bone density changes in patients with osteoporosis. Materials and Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental based on available evidence that was performed on patients with osteoporosis referred to Vali-e-asr Hospital in Birjand during the years 2013 to 2016. In addition, this intervention is a standard intervention that is routinely done. Patients in two groups treated for one year, in one group, they received oral alendronate and in the other group received injectable Pamidronate. Treatment with calcium and vitamin D was also performed in both groups. Dexamethasone densitometry (DEXA) was measured with a Dual-Energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic) device in the United States in both groups before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using Fisher's exact, t-paired and independent t-test at a significant level of (p≤ 0. 05). Results: Between all densitometric parameters of the spine, an only Z-score was improved after treatment with pamidronate or alendronate. The Densitometric parameters of the hip were improved in pamidronate group only. There was no statistical difference in the mean and frequency of changes in bone density indexes in the vertebrae and the hip after treatment compared to before, in both groups treated with alendronate or pamidronate. Conclusion: The prescription of alendronate or pamidronate for one year can improve the Z-score of the sealed bone density, while the Z-score of hip bone density only improves in the treatment of pamidronate group. None of the two prescriptions had a particular advantage in changing the bone density index in the vertebrae, but pamidronate has better effect on the hip.

Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in middle-aged women due to menopause, decreased body metabolism, and increased fat tissue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks aerobic periodic training with increasing intensity on insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin resistance in middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes were selected through targeted sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 Interval training and control groups. The training group performed for 8 weeks an intensive training session on the Davis test on the monocular bicycle, So that in the first week, the subjects performed their exercises with 65% of their maximum strength and in the eighth week with 80% of their maximum strength. During this period, the control group did not participate in any kind of sports activities. For all subjects, body mass index, IGF-1 hormones and insulin resistance were measured using the HOMA-IR formula. To compare pre-test and posttest data in each group and between groups, t-test and independent t-test were used. Results: Eight weeks of training had a significant increase in insulin-like factors and a significant decrease in insulin resistance in the experimental group (P≤ 0. 001). These changes also showed a significant difference in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: High-intensity aerobic interval training through the effect on hormonal levels can be effective in improving the status of people with type 2 diabetes.

Background and Aim: Hepatitis E is a viral disease transmitted through contaminated water, which is most commonly reported as an epidemic. Mental retardation among high-risk groups are at high risk of infection, Therefore, the present study was designed and conducted to evaluate the seroepidemiology of hepatitis E in mentally retarded individuals. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was performed on 300 clients in Birjand and they were selected by the census. The Diapro Anti-Hev-IgG kit was used in this study. Data were collected by SPSS software (revision 19) and descriptive statistics were analyzed by Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests at the level of α : 0. 05. Results: Of the 300 individuals selected, a total of 267 subjects were included: 180 (67. 5%) male and 87 (32. 5%) female were included in the study, 62 of which (23. 1%) had E-positive hepatitis and 205 (76. 5%) had E-negative hepatitis. The results of the study showed that there was no significant relationship between sex and positive serology of hepatitis E, but there was a direct correlation between age and age of entering the center with positive hepatitis E serology(P=0. 001). Also, the relationship between hepatitis E serology and duration of stay in the center was not significant (P = 0. 27). Conclusion: The high prevalence of hepatitis E in mentally retarded individuals is alarming and emphasizes the need for appropriate screening and hygiene strategies.

Arthrosis is the most common disease among the elderly. Identification of factors affecting the prevention of arthrosis prevention behaviors for the design of preventive interventions it is very important. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the prevention of arthrosis in middle-aged women using the health belief model. This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 325 women aged 59-29 years. The population of the study consisted of middle-aged women referred to health centers in Birjand who were randomly selected. Data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of demographic information, health belief model constructs and knowledge questions and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 19) using stepwise regression test. The Average age of women studied 39. 1± 8. 4 years. The results of the study showed that 19. 1% of subjects had good performance in terms of prevention of arthrosis, 36% had moderate performance and 44. 9% had poor performance. The most important predictors were self-efficacy (β =0. 37, P<0. 001), knowledge (P=0. 26, P<0. 001), and finally, perceived severity (β =0. 18, P<0. 001). In total, these structures were able to predict 18. 1% of the changes in behavioral prevention. According to the results of the study, most women do not take preventive measures of arthrosis, therefore, it is suggested that through educational interventions, awareness, perceived severity, and self-efficacy of individuals should be strengthened to promote the preventive behaviors of arthrosis.

Extract of Anacyclus Pyrethrum contains materials which the potential to affect the tissues of the testis. The aim of the present study was to identify the histological effects of aqueous extract of AP on Rat testis. In this experimental study 48 adult male Wister rats were chosen and divided into experimental (36 rats) and control (12 rats) groups. The rats in the experimental group were divided into three subgroups, one, two and three, and each subgroup received 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg doses of the extract intraperitoneally for four weeks, respectively. The rats were then placed under deep anesthesia and samples were collected from their testicles and paraffin blocks were prepared. Histological sections with 6 μ m thickness were prepared and stained with H&E method and variables (internal and external and thickness of germinal epithelium) were measured in at least in 100 somniferous tubules in each rat. Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between control and experimental groups and for external and internal diameters (p<0. 002). Although there was no any significant difference for an epithelial thickness between control and experimental 50 mg/kg, there was a significant difference between control and other experimental groups (p<0. 002). It seems that aqueous extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum could change epithelial thickness, internal and external diameters of seminiferous tubule Rat testis.