Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Year:2005 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 ((SERIAL NUMBER 10)|Papers Count:13

Introduction: GnRH agonists and antagonists can affect testicular function which testosterone is one of them. In spite of the broad use of ultrasound in medicine, its potential to induce cell surface changes is questionable. In the present study, administration of testosterone in association with ultrasound was studied.Materials and methods: The adult male balb/c mice were divided into the following groups: 1) control: injection of distilled water with the same volume as testosterone. 2) expo 1: treatment with 25 mg/mouse testosterone. 3) expo 2: exposure to 0.5 W/cm2 for 2 min. 4) expo3: association of treatment with testosterone (25 mg/mouse) with exposure to 0.5 W/cm2 for 2 min. The experimental period was six weeks and after finishing the experiments, the mice were killed by cervical dislocation, left testis and epididymis were removed.Sperm count, survival and motility rates were assessed. The structure of testis was evaluated after preparation. Morphometric data was analyzed using ANOVA and post hoc (TU KEY) tests. Results: The results showed that treatment with testosterone could induce azospermia and the number of sperm, viability and motility rates in the exp.1 reduced significantly comparing with the control group (P<0.05).Ultrasound irradiation didn't have significant effects on sperm parameters and testicular structure. Association of testosterone treatment with ultrasound irradiation caused some changes as exp.1 group, but there were significant differences with exp.2 (which received exposure to 0.5 W/cm2 ultrasound for 2 min.).Conclusions: It is concluded that the effects of ultrasound were mechanical and thermal such as compression of tubules and its association with testosterone treatment did'nt show synergism effects.

Background: Myocardial Infarction is the most frequent diagnosis in the admitted patients in Western Countries that is important to diagnose rapidly. This study was designe do determine the most sensitive double marker diagnostic method of Creatine kinase- Mb, myoglobin and troponin I in acute myocardial infarction.Materials and methods: This descriptive diagnostic test study performs on patients with cardiac angina that began between 4-24 hr without MI history and don't receive cardiac electroshock. Quota sampling was done on 256 emergency patients in two 4-14 hour and 15-24 hour began pain group. Collected data analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software.Results: The most sensitive and specific double marker in the period was troponin I-Myoglobin (97.3%, 98.1%) and in the second period was creatine kinase- Mb-troponin I (100%, 96.3%).Conclusions: The perfect method for the first period the combination up troponin I-Myoglobin and for the second period is double markers Creatine kinase- Mb-troponin I.

Background: Coronary artery bypass is one of most frequently performed operations which imposes considerable cost in the society. These are different sorts of peri and post operation factors influencing the stay time and expenses. The aim of this study is to evaluate these factors influencing stay time.Material and methods: It is a cross-sectional study which evaluates influencing factors on ICU stay time in 346 patient during 1381-1384.These patients were divided into two groups according to stay time≤3 days and stay time> 3 days.Results: Patients ages were in the range of 36-77 years old and the mean of ICU stay time was 4.02±1.44. Among preoperative factors, weight (P=0.03) and age (P=0.03) has significant differences. Women and type II diabetic patients had more stay time. Among clinical findings, arterial involvement has significant P-value (P=0.03).Among laboratory indings, following factors have significant differences between two groups.BUN (P=0.001), Hct (P=0.04), WBC (P=0.04), units of blood transmission in peration room (P=0.001) and ICU (P=0.02), number of received inotrops in operation room (P=0.001) and ICU (P=0.001), aortic clamp time (P=0.09), intubation time (P=0.001) and artificial ventilatyion time (P=0.001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that comprehensive pre, peri and post evaluation helps us not only o have a better understanding of ICU and hospital stay time but also to have the capability to decrease the tay time by implementation of appropriate change in patients' conditions.

Background: Dueto the high prevalence of breast cancer, its prompt diagnosis and therapeutic approaches are crucial. The objective of this study is to define an appropriate educational program for increasing the knowledge of women in army familes residented in institutional houses in Tehran. Material and methods: This was a before and after interventional study on 98 people selected with a randomized sampling. After completion of the questionnaire, all individuals underwent comprehensive training.After 3 weeks to 24 months, all were reassessed for the second time by filling he same questionnaire.Results: Withdrawl number of patient was 8 ones between the period of traning and week 3 and month 6. The preeducation evaluation, the percentage of good intereducational poor knowledge were sequentially 4.4, 61.2, 71.8, 26.9% and 1.3% (P<0.0001). Six-month learning rate was sequentially 69.2%, 28.2% and 2.65 (P<0.0001). Age, multiparity educational level and rate of knowledge don't have any influence.Conclusions: It is assumed that mentioned educational program are efficient in traning of breast screening. The results of this army study can be noticible for those responsible in programing health policies. And this can persuade them to prepare more comprehensive educational programs, for medical and health centers, and locations such as schools.

Background: Each 5 minutes, one person is infected by HIV all over the world. The increase in IV drug addiction, ignorance about the transmission routes, preventive strategies and the young population has made Iran to be much more prone to this contamination. Soldiers for their state of being young, living in groups and ignorance about the transmission ways are in danger of contamination with HIV/AIDS. The study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge and attitude of the recruits during the training course of their military service for the Islamic Republic of Iran. Materials and methods: 441 training course recruits, graduate, undergraduate and postgraduate in non-medical majors were randomly chosen to be surveyed through P.P.S. The data was collected through a questionnaire comprising 3 sections: 1) personal Information, 2) .knowledge assessment questions and 3) attitude questions. The first section included five parts concerning Knowledge about nature of HIV/AIDS, transmission routes, the groups at risk, preventive strategies and diagnostic methods. The data was analyzed with SPSS-11.Results: The average score for the knowledge section was 33.99±10.42 out of 100. The highest score was 68 and the lowest zero. 27.7 percent of the recruits was proven to have poor knowledge (0-30), 65.8 percent intermediate knowledge (30-60), 6.6 percent good (60-70), and no one achieved optimal score over 70%. Only 55/6% managed to answer all the transmission routes and preventive strategies. Misconception lowered their score in the knowledge assessment section. There was a significant relation between the recruitsl education level and their knowledge (P=0.000).Most of them obtained their knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS from television (85/8%), while only 7.8% stated that they learnt about HIV/AIDS from training during the military service, whereas the trainings during their years of education proved to be most effective (P=0.004). The average score for the attitude section was 72.78±10.49 out of hundred. 88/5% scored over 60 and there was a positive correlation between their knowledge and attitude (r=0/1, P=0.05). There was also a significant relation between their knowledge and their age (r=0.65); however, no significant relation was proven between the locations of their service, the education level of their wives and parents, marital status, salary of the recruits and their family, and their knowledge or attitude.Conclusions: Regarding the poor knowledge of the recruits on the matter, training courses ought to be considered for the recruits of different levels of education, specially to resolve their misconception. The stablishment of counseling departments in military service could also increase the knowledge the recruits and resolve their problems.

Background: Amionitic fluid volume is an important parameter for evaluation of fetal health. In this regard, american refrences is used. The objective of this study is to determine if the standard index are compatible with those in tranian pregnant women.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study which included pregnant women between 20 to 42 of gestational weeks, that sought medical advice in medical centers affliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. To determine the ameniotic index, the standard method was applied. Then, the results were classified according to gestational weeks. Standard values of 5% to 95% were analyzed and assessed to determine if the ameniotic fluid index changes with gestational weeks. Then, the changes were analyzed with ANOVA and the compatibility of 5 and 95 values was obtained and compared with standard index with sign test.Results: It was performed on 498 pregnant women with the mean age of 25.7±6.2 in whom the mean of gestational weeks was 31.4. It was proven that the measured amionitic index in. Iranian pregnant women differ with standard values. The minimum was in week 20th (12.13±1.61) and the maximum was in week 27th (14.67±1.22) with P-value less than 0.0001. Additionally, 5% and 95% values of index of gestational weeks were different.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the amionitic index in Iranian pregnant women was not compatible with standard values. A comprehensive study to identify standard values for Iranian society is suggested.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent and important human metabolic disorder. More than 150 million people all over the world and near 3 million people in Iran are involved. A great number of cases are undiagnosed. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most important complications of diabetes which may results in blindness. The aim of this study was to determine frequency and progression of diabetic retinopathy and its related factors and also role of ophthalmologic consult in detecting early stages of diabetic retinopathy.Materials and methods: As a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, we studied 253 records of hospitalized diabetic patients who had ophthalmologic consultation in Shahid Mostafa Khomeini hospital during 1998-2002.We considered age, gender, duration of diagnosis, treatment modality, fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, blood urea, urinary protein and glucose, hypertension, and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Results were analyzed with SPSS software.Results: Among 740 records that had ophthalmology consult, 253 cases (35.54%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy (DR) was 69.6%and background DR, preproliferative DR(NPDR) and proliferative DR(PDR) were 34.8%, 13.8% (NPDR=48%)and 20.9%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between the diabetic retinopathy and age, duration of diagnosis, hypertension, serum creatinine, urine protein, urine glucose, blood urea, and cause of hospitalization. There was not any relationship with fasting blood sugar, serum cholesterol, triglyceride and gender.Conclusions: The frequency of DM in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were hospitalized was more than most of the other studies. In our study duration of diagnosis, age and hypertension are the factors which increase frequency of DR. In order to prevent it, ideal blood pressure control is necessary. Preventive efforts can postpone other diabetic complications such as nephropathy. Ophthalmologic consults in hospitalized diabetic patients can help us in screening, detecting early stages and appropriate treatment of DR.

Background: Many socioeconomical factors as well as different health indicators could be affected in human health in different geographical variation with different climates and it can be seen in different countries of the world. Turkey is a country that its health situation directly or indirectly can be considered to decrease or increase the quality of health in our country especially for our military forces. The aim of this study was to determine the latest situation of geo-pathological of this country in order to find out their health problems.Material and methods: This is a review study that was carried out based on literature reviews as well as collection of health information from Internet and wbsites of WHO and COC for Turkey country. In this study more than 300 hours internet works for collection of data and preparation of information were spent. Infectious diseases were determined specially in common border of Turkey and IR Iran.Results: Based on this study, serious health problem and infectious disease such as hepatitis A and E, cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis, malaria, diarrhea, measles, tuberculosis, respiratory infection were reported in Turkey.Conclusions: This study shows that different infectious diseases seen in Turkey and their diseases or health could be affected our national public health aspects and health of military forces. Therefore, it must be considered under observation to prevent any problems for future.

Background: Refsum's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. The clinical features include retinitis pigmentosa, blindness, anosmia, deafness, ataxia and accumulation of phytanic acid in plasma.Case report: A 12-year old boy presented with retinitis pigmentosa, sensorineural deafness and distal lower limb weakness and wasting from two years ago. Physical examination did not reveal an objective area of sensory loss. We detected muscles wasting in bilateral legs. Deep tendon reflexes at the ankles and knees were absent bilaterally. Upper limb reflexes were decreased and his gait was ataxic. In electrodiagnostic study, findings were compatible with motor and sensory neuropathy. Phytanic acid in serum analysis was highly raised.Conclusions: Although rare, Refsum's disease is partially treatable and early recognition may prevent visual and auditory deterioration.