Annals of Military and Health Sciences Research
Year:2013 | Volume:11 | Issue:2 (SERIAL NUMBER 42)|Papers Count:16

Background: Candida albicans is one of the most common causes of hospital infections. The aim of this study was to develop a rapid, easy and sensitive way to detect candida albicans.Material and Methods: Polyclonal antibodies were prepared in rabbits. The antibodies were purified by salt concentration and Ion exchange chromatography. The purified antibody was coated onto the colloidal gold.Results: Color change (red to blue) was observed when the purified antigens (mannoprotein of Candida albicans cell wall) were added to Polyclonal antibodies. The method was sensitive and easy. Conclusion: This study indicated that using colloidal gold particle agglutination method can be used for accurate and rapid candida detection Method.

Background: Good mental health is important for individuals as well as for society. At individual level, good mental health enables person to realize their intellectual and emotional potential and to find and fulfill their roles in social, school and working life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction and personality type with mental health in commandos.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 selected commandos by random cluster sampling. Mental health Questionnaire (GHQ28), and job satisfaction and personality type questionnaire were used. For data analysis the pearson’s correlation and regression tests were used.Results: Results showed the meaningful relation between mental health with job satisfaction and personality type. B type and job satisfaction were great predictors of mental health.Conclusion: The result showed it possible to teach skills and provide increased employment opportunities in mental health.

Background: Transvers geniculate ligament does not exist in all people and in some articles it was mentioned as a normal variation. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of transverse geniculate ligament in an Iranian’s people sample.Materials and Methods: It was a descriptive-analytic and prospective study. It was conducted on one hundred and fifteen patients with different indication for knee MRI. Transverse ligament prevalence with 95% confidence intervals for its length and width were calculated through SPSS software.Results: Finding showed that prevalence of transverse genicular ligament was 53.9%. There was no statistically relationship between exist of this ligament and sex of patients (P=0.5). Average length and width of this ligament were 30.158; 95%CI [20.0-42.70] mm and 2.299; 95%CI [0.5-4.20] mm respectively. There wasn’t statistically relationship between exist of this ligament and age of participants either (P=0.161).Conclusion: Although our study sample possessed partly high frequency of transverse ligament prevalence, it still need to be more studies in different people in other races and countries to evaluate true prevalence of this ligament. Also physicians must be informed about this partly high frequency.

Background: Type 2 diabetes results from two defects, insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. At the molecular and cellular levels, there is a connection between fatty acid accumulation and insulin resistance in muscles. Although several mechanisms involved in FFA-induced muscle insulin resistance, the exact mechanism is poorly understood. Recent studies show that the defect in insulin signaling pathway might be underlying mechanism for FFA-induced insulin resistance in the muscle. Protein tyrosine phosphatases like Leukocyte common antigen-related (LAR) are the key elements of insulin signaling and they can be a candidate in FFA induced insulin resistance. Studies have shown that type 2 diabetes involved and obese individuals have had increased levels of LAR in their tissues. However, the responsible factor for LAR overexpression is not well understood. In this study we investigate ceramide effect on LAR expression in the muscle cells.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study C2C12 cells (mouse skeletal) after differentiation to myotubes using 2% of horse serum for 4 days, treated with 50 and 100 mMs of C2ceramide for 16h. RNA extracted, cDNA synthesized and Real Time PCR using specific primers for LAR and beta actin used. To detect LAR protein levels western blot was used.Results: 100 mMs Ceramide (45%, P<0.01) significantly induced LAR mRNA expression but there was not significant difference between 50mM ceramide and untreated cells. The results from real time confirmed by protein data. 100 mMs Ceramide (52%, P<0.01) significantly induced LAR protein levels in comparison of control.Conclusion: The data from this study provide evidence that ceramide around pathologic concentration induce LAR expression. Results supported by human studies that were showed that diabetic and obese persons have a high level of LAR expression and revealed ceramide can be one of the responsible factors for inducing LAR expression in diabetic patients. However, further investigations are needed to clarify exact role of LAR in FFA induced insulin resistance.

Background: Salmonellas are responsible for more than 40 percent of foodborne diseases in the world. Today, rapid diagnostic methods are essential for detecting these organisms in food and water especially in crisis. The aim of this study was to assess the Bactaslyde media usability in detection of salmonella and compare it with standard culture method.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study 20 samples of water and foods (pasteurized milk, water, raw Kabab and Raw Poultry Meat) were contaminated with salmonella standard strain (PTCC 1609) and then this salmonellas were detected by Bactaslyde culture media and standard culture method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and speed of two methods compared with each other.Results: This study showed that Bactaslyde culture pouch number 4 can detect Salmonella in all 20 contaminated samples of food and water. The detecting time was 15 hours and 55 minutes in compare with 93 hours for standard method. Sensitivity of the test was 100%, specificity 90%, positive predictive value 90.91%, negative predictive value, 100% and validity of the test was 95%.Conclusion: It was found that Bactaslyde culture method can detect Salmonella as a rapid test in all food and water samples and it can be recommended for using in crisis. More research with more samples and different foods is recommended.

Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness which is associated with movement disorders and executive dysfunction. Some type of executive impairments could be treated by training. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the effect of musical activities on the executive function of patients with schizophrenia.Materials and Methods: In this Clinical trial 56 patients who were members of Iranian Association of Patients with Schizophrenia, randomly divided into two groups. In intervention group 30 patients and in control group 26 patients were allocated randomly. The intervention group took part in 24 music therapy sessions. Scores were gathered using STROOP, Tower of London, Wisconsin Card Sorting and Purede Peg Board in the pretest and posttest stages.Results: There was no significant difference between groups in Stroop (P>0.05), however after course, scores has increased in intervention group. Tower of London results were not significantly different (P>0.05), although intervention group showed less speed but more points. The results of Purede Peg Board were not significantly different (P>0.05). In Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, intervention group had better function (P<0.05).Conclusions: Music can enhance executive function scores, but factors like larger sample size and follow up periods should be considered.

Background: Nowadays technology development has remarkable and undeniable effects on caring. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of telenursing (cellphone software) on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Materials and Methods: It was a clinical trial with IRCT201009114728N1 Registration Code. In the spring of 2011 from patients of Valiasr hospital department of endocrinology 60 patients were chosen and randomly allocated in two groups. The Demographic questionnaire was completed by them. Blood sample for A1c hemoglobin was taken from patients. In the intervention group cellphone software was installed on the personal mobile of participants. The data was analyzed by t-test and SPSS 21.Results: The pre and post A1c hemoglobin was -0.58±0.77 and -0.19±0.51 respectively and this difference was significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The result indicated that telenursing by using cellphone software can have positive effect on metabolic control of patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This technology can persuade patients and health team members to follow up caring of these patients more effectively.

Background: According to increasing rate of rhinoplastic surgery and need to dry field for this operation. Also since the remifentanyl is one of the best drugs in such operation we have done this study to evaluate one of its side effects (post anesthetic shivering) on patients.Materials and Methods: It was a randomized clinical trial. In this study 60 patients who were candidate for elective surgery under general anesthesia randomly allocate to two groups (remifentanyl and control groups). The results were presented as the mean ± SD. Then data from prevalence and duration of post anesthetic shivering was analyzed with Chi – square and and T-Student tests and by 18 version of SPSS software.Results: Two groups were similar with demographic parameters such as age, and sex (P>0.05). In the remifentanyl group frequency of post anesthetic shivering was higher and duration of it was more in remifentanyl group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Remifentanyl infusion can cause higher rate of post anesthetic shivering than control group.

Background: Sleep disturbance depends on factors such as noise and light in cardiac care unit (CCU). It can lead to acute coronary syndrome in some patients. This study was designed to compare the effect of using eye mask and earplugs in improvement of sleep in CCU patients.Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial conducted on 90 patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Jiroft in 1390. The IRCT registration code was IRCT201205139731N1. Participants at the first night of admission were randomly divided into three groups: eye mask, earplugs and both eye mask and earplugs users. According to crossover method, half of the patients in each group were assumed control for themselves the first night and the other half on the second night. The VSH-scale was used. The data was analyzed by paired T-test.Results: The mean score of sleep quality showed a significant difference before and after the intervention in all groups (P<0.05). This difference was just on the sleep disturbance criterion in eye mask and earplugs group (p=0.044) and was in the criterion of sleep disturbance (p=0.003) and effectiveness (p=0.004) in eye mask group. Patient of earplug group showed advances in all criterion of sleep quality (supplement, disturbance and effectiveness) (P<0.001). Results suggest that eye mask and earplugs improve sleep but earplugs are more effective.Conclusion: Eye mask and earplugs as low-cost, comfortable and uncomplicated devices can improve sleep quality in patients. Nurses can use these devices for reducing the environmental factors to help patient’s sleep.

Background: Spinal manipulation is a manual technique commonly used for the treatment of low back pain. The physiologic mechanisms of spinal manipulation are largely unknown. One basic physiologic response to spinal manipulation (SM) is alternation in Moto neuronal activity, as assessed by the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spinal manipulation on amplitude and onset latency of H-reflexes and on H/M amplitude ratio in patients with low back pain.Materials and Methods: It was a clinical trial with IRCT201203069222N1 Registration code. Ffifty eight patients with low back pain aged between 20-60 years were included. Tibial nerve H reflex and M wave were recorded before and after Lumbosacral spinal manipulation. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16.Results: Lumbosacral manipulation significantly decrease amplitude of H reflex and H/M amplitude ratio (P<0.05). It had not significantly effect on H reflex latency or M wave amplitude and latency (P>0.05).Conclusion: Lumbosacral manipulation produces attenuation of alpha motoneuronal excitability. These findings support of this theory that manual spinal therapy can lead to reduction in muscle tone.

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and it is known as the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Carcinogenesis ius a multifactorial process that is dependent to parallel effects of environment and genetic. Environmental risk factors for gastric cancer are Helicobacter pylori infection, life style and nutrition.Materials and Methods: This study was a narrative review and the results of the collection and interpretation of available information on the causes of gastric cancer, Methods of diagnosis and treatment.Results: Helicobacter pylori infection, genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as nutrition and health are risk factors of gastric cancer. But these factors have interactions. A poor nutrition increase inflammatory effect of bacteria and genetic background causes the progression of mild inflammation to ulcer, atrophy and ultimately it causes malignancy and cancer.Conclusion: Delayed diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastric cancer is complex due to the involvement of infectious agents, gastric background and inflammatory response of the body. Improved diagnostic and treatment methods related to improving nutrition and development of the personalized medicine.

Background: Since 1850, as the first time, DCS have been detected in divers and pitmen .There were no appropriate explanation for this Illness until 1930. Other names such as Bend, Aeropathy, Aeroembolism, Dysbarism، DCI/DCS were used. At the ascend to height, most of the problems which occur due to changing the pressure of the body cavities. The goal of this presentation is collection of the abstract and sufficient information for use our colleagues.Results: The major adventures were happen in DCS is based on henry’s law and consist of any hazardous would be occur in result of every soluble gas molecules egress the body’s fluid which nitrogen is one of the most important of these gases. Obese individuals are more susceptible, because fat tissue have very amount of nitrogen. DCS have different features and net diagnoses were possible by rule out of other diseases. The etiology of this sickness is the sudden reduction in barometric pressure and the release of soluble gases in body fluids.The pathophysiology of this sickness is consist of three different mechanisms which result in tissue damage: 1) destruction of tissue cells by released gases, 2) mechanical obstruction of blood vessels and 3) pressing effect of bubbles or emboli’s on adjacent vessels and nerves.Conclusion: Because of the daily development of aviation and seafaring, inform about DCS and its complications, prevention and treatment for all population especially aviators, divers and medical groups are necessary.

Penetrating heart trauma is usually life threatening and it usually requires emergent surgical exploration. Pre-hospital mortality rate and death on arrival is very high. We describe a case of 42 years old man, suffering from stab wound to the fifth left intercostal space that was in shock and severe respiratory distress during admission in emergency room.