SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2002 | Volume:5 | Issue:8|Papers Count:13

Adrenal glands being a member of endocrine system are important in regulation of various functions of the body. Thus, diseases of adrenal gland have vital consequences on the functioning of the body. Much works have been done in human and dogs, and very little information is available on the diseases of adrenal gland of large animals, especially cattle. Hence, an abattoir survey was conducted to find out the lesions affecting the adrenal glands of cattle slaughtered of municipal slaughter -house of Ahwaz, Iran. A total of 230 pairs of adrenal glands (100 pairs of them suspected to be pathological on gross observation) were collected. After recording the measurement and gross lesions, appropriate tissues were fixed in 10% formalin. Tissues were processed through paraffin embedding method and section cut at 5-6 micrometer were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Tissue sections were examined microscopically and pathological lesions were divided as: Invagination (4.27%), accessory cortical tissue (2.44%), nodular hyperplasia (14.03 %), capsular fibrosis (6.1%), congestion (31.7%), hemorrhage (3.05%), degenerative changes (22.56%), telangiectasis (0.61%), Inflammatory reaction (14.02%) and tumors (1.22%).      

In order to investigate the prevalence of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection among slaughtered sheep and goats in Ahwaz abattoir, samples were taken from 208 sheep and 208 goats, Sex, body condition and age. (By use of dental formula) were assessed before slaughter, thereafter smears were taken from terminal ileum mucosa, ileocecal valve, ileocecal node, rectum mucosa, and stool. All smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen technique and examined by light microscopy. At first, ileocecal samples were examined but the other samples were examined when ileocecal sample was positive. Out of the 208 sheep and 208 goats, 2(0.9%) and 3(1.4%) were positive respectively, based on the examination of ileocecal sample. In positive samples, there was no isolation from either part of the intestine, ileocecal lymph node and stool. The results of this study indicate that Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection is common in Ahwaz and its prevalence is almost similar to other studies.      

In the end of July 1998, a respiratory syndrome in chickens was recognized in Tehran and Qazvin provinces of Iran. The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza viruses (AIV) were isolated from infected flocks and diagnosed as non-highly pathogenic AIV. This study was undertaken to identify the foci and origin of H9N2 AIVs. A total number of 23454 serum samples from breeder, layer and broiler flocks were prepared and tested respectively for H9N2 subtype of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and AIV viruses isolation. The rate of serum samples possessing H9N2 antibodies in August 1998 was 71.94% for both Tehran and Qazvin, 13.01% for Semnan, 9.52% for Khorasan, 11.87% for Qom and 8.43% for Esfahan provinces. The number of infected provinces was increased from 6 provinces in August to 9 ones in September 1998 and 19 ill February 1999. The serological and virological surveillances of infected flocks in different provinces indicated that H9N2 subtype outbreaks in other provinces has been occurred as a result of illegal transporting of infected one-day old broiler, 16-20 wks old pullets, and breeder rosters chickens. In addition, manure delivering from Tehran and Qazvin provinces to the south of country by trucks, and feed delivering from the south ports to other provinces with the same trucks without complete washing and disinfecting expedited a second spreading of H9N2 infection in the whole country. The source of H9N2 isolates that caused the first outbreak in 1998within Tehran and Qazvin provinces remains unknown.      

Several evidence indicate that GABA plays an important bilateral role between the nervous system and the endocrine system. One aspect of this interaction is that various neuroendocrine and endocrine cells receive GABA ergic innervations and show responses mediated by GABAA and GABAB receptors. On the other hand, LH and FSH surges at proestrus and secondary surge of FSH at oestrus were altered in the K+ deficient mice. So this study was aimed to investigate the effect of peripheral administration of diazepam (1 and 4 mglkg), bicuculine (1and 3 mg/kg), baclofen (1.5, 2.25 and 3.4 mg/kg) and CGP35348 (1.12, 2.24 and 4.48) on serum concentration of testosterone, and also the effect of these drugs on serum concentration of K+. In this study, 20 male rat weighing 250±50 mg were used. Food and water were freely available. The entire  animals were divided into 3 groups: 1- Control (intact animal), 2- Sham (received 0.5ml of normal saline) 3- Experimental (received 0.5 ml of drugs). Blood samples were collected 30 minutes after injection at 8 a.m. Testosterone was assayed by RIA method. K+ was analyzed by flemephotometer. Data was analyzed by one - way ANOVA and Duncan's test. The level of significance was at P< 0.05. Our data shows that administration of higher dose of diazepam, bicuculline, baclofen and CGP35348 caused significant (P<0.05) increases in serum testosterone. On the other hand, this drug had no significant effect on serum concentration of K+. Our results indicate that GABAA and GABAB agonist and antagonist act in different mechanisms. Also GABA plays a role in the regulation of rat testicular androgen production. However, the effect was not due to change in K+. Since agonist and antagonist had the similar effect on serum concentration of testosterone, it needs more detail study with different doses of drugs.      

Transverse and vertical diameters of the spinal cord segments and the central canal of the spinal cord segments and also the ratio between gray and white matter of the spinal cord segments were studied in 12 newborn rabbits (6 male and 6 female), 12newborn guinea pigs (6 male and 6 female) and 12 newborn rats (6 male and 6 female). According to the sex and species the results were statistically analyzed. The longest transverse diameter of the spinal cord segments in newborn rabbit was C1, in newborn guinea pig and rat was C4 and the shortest value in the newborn of all three species was 82. The longest vertical diameter in all three species was C1and C8 and the shortest value was belonged to S2. The longest transverse diameter of the central canal of the spinal cord segments in the newborn rabbit and guinea pig was C1, C8 and L7 and in the newborn rat was L7 and the shortest value in all three species was 82. The longest vertical diameter of the central canal of the spinal cord segments in newborn rabbit and guinea pig was C1, C4 and C8 and in newborn rat were L4 and L7. The shortest value in newborn rabbit was T6, in newborn guinea pig were C4, T12 and S2 and in newborn rat were C8 and S2. The highest ratio between gray and white matter of the spinal cord segments in newborn rabbit, guinea pig and rat was L7. The lowest value belonged to T6.      

Bone defects created by trauma, fracture and tumor removal or cysts are the major problems in orthopedic surgery. Cancellous bone is an effective procedure for treating bone defects, this study was carried out on nine healthy dogs. After inducing anesthesia, a bone defect (2.5 cm) was created on the right ulna in each dog and ulnar bone fixed by intramedulary pinning. In six dogs (experimental group), ulnar bone defect was filled with autogenous cancellous bone that was harvested from the iliac crest. In the other three dogs (control group), ulnar bone defect wasn't filled. The signs of lameness disappeared sooner in experimental group as compared with control group. In control group, bone defects weren't healed at all but clinical fusion was obtained in three dogs of experimental group and the defects were filled in different degrees in the other three dogs. It was concluded that autogenous cancellous bone graft can be used to treat small to medium sized segmental bone defects.      

Malachite green is one of the industrial dyes, which is used for treatment and prevention of fungal infections in fish eggs. It has been reported that malachite green can be toxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. In this research the effects of malachite green on egg hatching and survival of silver carp larvae, were investigated. Five groups of silver carp eggs, each group contains 300 eggs were exposed to different concentration of malachite green (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l) and one group considered as control. The eggs were exposed to 60 min. bath of malachite green oxalate twice in the first day of the incubation with 10 h. interval. After incubation period, the rate of hatching in control groups: 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/l were 26.33%, 27%, 23.66%, 25%, 19.66% and 15.33%, respectively. The final survival of larvae after absorption of yolk sac were also 23%, 24%, 19.66%, 20.33%, 13.66 and 9.66%, respectively. The results showed that exposure of silver carp eggs to malachite green could reduce hatching rate of the eggs and the growth rate of the larvae even at concentration as low as 0.1 mg/l.      

Rapid increase of world population in recent century, in addition to insufficiency of food production has proved the need for food exploitation from marine resources. Fishes have been the main creatures of food usage to man, among marine donations. Snapper kob (Otolithes ruber) which is called Shoorideh fish in south of Iran, is one of the most popular fish in Khouzestan province. In this research, fifty marketable size of snapper kobs were caught from Hendijan during the four seasons of 1995 and their weight, length, sexuality, fat and protein contents were determined. Results obtained showed that the protein and fat contents were the lowest at the beginning of Spring (l7.2±0.l8% and 1.11±0.15% respectively) and increased gradually by the end of the season (18.37±0.20% and 1.42±0.07% respectively). Due to the hot weather and increased metabolic activity in the summer, the protein and fat contents were stabilized (18.29±0.20% and 1.67±0.12% respectively). The protein content has increased in the autumn, but the fat has not changed considerably (19.55±0.06% and 1.19±0.14% respectively). The protein and fat contents have been at their highest levels at the beginning of the winter but they have fluctuated considerably by the second half of the season (17.06 to 20.88% for protein and 1.02 to 3.54% for fat). There has been a positive correlation between the protein and fat contents and the size of the fish in all seasons. The average protein and fat contents were 18.69% and 1.74%,respectively, for the whole year. It can be concluded that the Otolithes ruber is one of the high protein and low fat fishes of the hot regions.      

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood serum were taken from 51 (31 male, 20 female) clinically healthy buffaloes in two age groups (28 mature, 23 immature) in Khouzestan province. Cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples were collected from the lumbosacral cistern and jugular vein, respectively. Total protein of cerebrospinal fluid and serum were measured by dye binding and biuret methods, respectively. Protein fractionation of CSF and serum were performed by electrophoresis method. The results of buffalo CSF electrophoresis indicated a pattern consisting of 4 peaks: albumin, α-, β- and γ-globulin were similar to serum electrophoretic pattern. In males, females, matures and immatures the mean values of total CSF protein (42.9±9.1 mg/dl), albumin (40.7±8.0%), a-globulin (9.8±3.3%), p-globulin (20.8±6.6%), y-globulin (28.7±7.2%) and albumin to globulin ratio (0.64±0.22) were significantly lower than the serum proteins (P<0.01). The results showed that the CSF gamma globulin was significantly higher in immatures than matures. In addition it was significantly higher in immature females compare with immature males (P < 0.05). The albumin of CSF was higher in matures than in immatures (P< 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum electrophoretic patterns between the different age and sex groups.    

A ten-month-old heifer was referred to the Clinic of Veterinary School of Islamic Azad University, Karaj. The history revealed consumption of Nerium oleander. Electrocardiographical examination showed second degree AV-block and ventricular escape beats. The cow was treated with atropine sulphate with an N dose of 0.3 mg/kg BW. After treatment, cardiac arrhythmia returned to sinus rhythm with tachycardia. Fallow up examination carried three days after discharging the animal from hospital showed regular rhythm and normal heart rate.    

Mastitis caused by P. aeruginosa is rare in cattle, but its isolation from environment is common. This infection usually originates from contaminated water used for udder washing. This pathogen colonizes in milking equipment; enter teats in milking intervals and causes mastitis under stressful conditions and poor hygine. Clinical mastitis due to P. aeruginosa is often severe with gangrene and death. Its subclinical and recurrent mild clinical mastitis can also be seen. In our study on 200 Holstein cows in Ahwaz, sterile milk samples from quarters with CMT positive were collected and sent to microbiology laboratory of Ahwaz Veterinary School for bacterial culture. From milk of two quarters with grade II of subclinical mastitis, P. aeruginosa like colonies grew. Conventional biochemical tests confirmed both isolates.