TOLOO-E-BEHDASHT
Year:2009 | Volume:7 | Issue:3-4 (25)|Papers Count:11

Introduction: There is a vast variety of environmental health condition factors influencing students' health status such as the quality and quantity of drinking fountains, toilets, potable water condition, removing sewage system, garbage management, safety, sport grounds and green area. Lack of information about the conditions of these factors may leave devastating and irreparable effects on the health condition of society. Regarding the important role of school environmental conditions in promoting the health level in society, this research was conducted in Kerman in 1386 to have an overall investigation of school health condition and school agronomy.Method: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional research. The sample included 257 students of primary, secondary, high school and pre-university in Kerman.The data were collected by census. The checklist was cmpleted by going to schools, observations and interviews with practitioners. Later the collected data were analyzed with SPSS software.Results: Of the schools, 68 % were state-run whereas 32% were non- profitable schools. In 55.7 % of primary and secondary schools the required area per student had been observed while it hadnot been observed in 86% of high schools and technical schools.The estimated green area per student is 0.5 m2 but had not been observed in 67.4 % schools.53.1 % schools had no health service room.89.9 % of schools had healthy potable water. In only 66.3 % of schools each toilet was provided for 40 students. In 95, 96% of schools sewage removing system was hygienic.76% of schools had hygienic dust bin among which 90.2% followed the standard time lag of empting and washing the dust bins.76% of schools observed the article No.13 of school legislation for nutritious, cosmetic and hygienic materials in schools buffet. In 92.6% of schools, there was a proportion between benches and students height.80% of school took advantage of sunlight.Conclusion: It seems that during the last 13 years, the health and safety conditions of schools have developed and improved and, generally speaking, 80% of the schools had made use ed light perfectly.

Background: Ammonia and fecal coliform removal from wastewater is of high necessity because of its inappropriate impact on environment where wastewater accumulates.Aerated lagoons as well as polishing ponds would not be able to decrease ammonia and fecal coliforms in an efficient way. Different procedures are usually applied for the removal of ammonia and fecal coliform in wastewater treatment plants.Method: In this study, effluent of polishing pond in wastewater treatment plant of Khoy in North-West Azerbaijan with three different loading flow rates (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 m3/m3.d) was entered into the rock filter with volcanic rock bed, rock diameter size of which was 50 mm. To determine the efficiency of rock filter in any loading flow rates, 10 samples of influent and effluent were taken.Results: The results showed that mean of effluent ammonia level changed from 16.8 to 4.8 mg/l and effluent fecal coliform from 1.9 × 104 MPN/ 100 ml to 5.7 × 103 MPN/ 100 ml. Rock filter efficiency for Ammonia and fecal coliform removal of pond effluent were 71.4% and 70% respectively.Conclusion: Ammonia and fecal coliform decreased in all loading flow rates but in the first rate changes were more remarkable than the two other rates. As loading flow rate increased, removal efficiency decreased. This is probably due to low hydraulic retention time that resulted in decreasing nitrification. Thus it is concluded that rock filter here presented has better efficiency than what were used in similar studies.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is one of the major health problems and has a high unexpected prevalence in sunny countries ie, Middle East. In this study we determined the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in medical staff in Shahid Sadoughi hospital affiliated to Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Our study emphasized the awareness of the medical staff on their own deficiency which is the first step to combat it.Method: In a cross-sectional study, 82 medical personnel of Shahid sadughi hospital (August-September, 2005) were studied. The data were collected by questionnaire and blood sampling was done to measure serum 25 (OH) vitamin D by ELIZA method. Vitamin D deficiency was determined at the level of 25 (OH) D<20 ng/ml .Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency according to the above definition was 78%.Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among medical staff that is a health problem in this sunny city and has significant public health implications.

Background: hardiness is one of the most important personality traits in structuring personality structure which can cause resistance to psychological traumas.In the present study the relationships between hardiness as a personality structure with automatic thoughts as a mental dysfunction and inferiority as a sense of identity was investigated.Methods: In this study, by applying cluster sampling method, 406 male employees of Qom city hall were selected. Aghayousefi questionnaire of Aghayousefi automatic thoughts and inferiority and Ahvaz hardiness inventory (AHI) was used. Descriptive and inferential indexes such as correlation and multiple-linear regression were utilized in statistical analysis with SPSS 15.Results: revealed that inferiority and automatic thoughts variables are predictor of hardiness. This means that individuals with more automatic thoughts and much inferiority have lower hardiness. Hardiness as a positive personality characteristic can strengthen people toward traumas. Results indicate positive correlation between education and hardiness, marriage and hardiness, inferiority and negative automatic thoughts. This means by increase in one variable, the other variable increases too. Furthermore there was negative correlation between following variables: education and inferiority, education and negative automatic thoughts, inferiority and hardiness, negative automatic thoughts and hardiness.This means increase in one variable is accompanied with decrease in the other variable.Conclusion: Results of this study are congruent with most internal and external studies and are also consistent with the notion that hardiness as a positive personality trait act against psychological traumas.

Background: Addiction is a behavior the changing of which is difficult. The data show that there are 15.6 million people aged 15-64, that is, around 0.4% of the people of the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viewpoints of addicts and nonaddicts about addiction.Methods : This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample for each group was 200. The data were collected by a researcher-making questionnaire. The data were analyzed through T-test and X2.Result: Of the subjects, 75% of addicts and 55.6% of nonaddicts believed that the role of family in addiction is very high. Eighty two and a half percent of addicts and 77.4% of nonaddicts contended that the role of friends in addiction is very high .There was a significant difference between the role of non- religious beliefs and attitude to addiction with p<0.005.There was significant difference (p<0.01) between the economic problems and marriage dispute in tendency to addiction (p<0.007).Discussion: There was significant difference between economic problems and marriage conflicts in tendency to addiction, so finding job for addicts can decrease and control their addiction. We offer making people aware of the risks of drugs and planning a practicable program for changing their tendency to addiction.

Background : Job burnout is a mental syndrome consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (negative and without any emotional reaction to clients) and reduction of efficiency feeling which makes people have negatives attitude to themselves, their job and others and jeopardize the peoples general health.The purpose of this research is to survey the relationship between job burnout and general health of Sistan and Baluchestan telecommunication central office personnel.Method : This is a descriptive-analytical study with stratified random sampling.The sample number was 150. The data collection instrument was questionnaire including 22 job burnout questions and 28 Goldenberg general health questions (GHQ 28).Results : Meaningful correlation was found between the subjects' job burnout and their general health. Also there was correction between emotional exhaustion, anxiety and sleep disorder with general health; depersonalization with general health, anxiety and sleep disorder with job burnout and finally between incompetent personality with social relationship disorder.Conclusion: Regading the obvious relationship between job burnout and general health, it is necessary for organization managers to perform schedules for improving motivation, job satisfaction, self accomplishment and human relationship.

Background : Birth weight of a baby is the most important chance of its survivial, growth and development. With identifying and controlling risk factors which are mainly dependent on biological and social conditions, we can prevent birth of low weight babies.The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between effective factors such as marital satisfaction, high blood pressure, age and occupation of mothers and baby's birth weight.Method : In this study, among all the babies born in Yazd province hospitals in 1386 with parents residing in Yazd province, 941 babies were selected. Firstly, categorized sampling method (with respect to population ratio in each of the cities of Yazd province and season birth) was used. Secondly, cluster sampling method was used. A season day was selected randomly and all the data in that day and the rest of the days until reaching to a desired sample were recorded.The data were gathered by a researcher-designed questionaire and Enrich marital satisfaction scale. Data analysis was done by using "SPSS" software with logistic regression method.Results: The results showed that pregnancy under the age of 19, extereme marital dissatisfaction, high blood pressure and being a working mother can meaningfully (p<0.05) increase the possibility of giving birth to a baby with low birth weight. Also it was cleared that baby's gender, season of birth, parents education, parents kinship before marriage have no meaningful effect on the possiblility of baby's low birth weight.Discussion: Regarding the negative effect of factors such as mother's blood pressure, extreme marital dissatisfaction like physical, emotional and sexual abuse, difficult job and job stress on birth weight, we suggest offering some training to couples at the time of marriage and pregnancy in order to prevent and avoid these factors.

Background: Corrosion and precipitation in drinking and sanitary water in distribution systems leads to economic and health damages. The goal of this study was to survey the chemical quality of water in Kharanagh ward in Yazd province and to predict the potential of corrosion and precipitation in these waters.Methods: For determining the chemical quality of water, some cross-sectional samples with 2-4 L of water volume were taken. All of the samples were collected, stored and preserved in glass or polyethylene containers and were analyzed based on standard methods. The potential of corrosion and precipitation in waters was calculated by Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), Risnar Index (RI) and decision was made based on calcium carbonate résistance.Results: Based on the values of LSI, drinking and sanitary waters showed precipitative properties. Based on RI, the waters showed a corrosive quality from the point of corrosion and precipitation potential. Based on calcium carbonate resistance parameter, the waters had precipitative quality.Conclusion: The chemical quality of water in Kharanagh district is nonbalanced that leads to precipitation in water distribution and other equipments thus planning water quality stabilization for the elimination of economics damages is necessary.