IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:10|Papers Count:9

Acording to results of the investigation, the manna know as Shir-khest exudes from the branches of two species of cotoneaster (Rosaceae). C. nummularia Fisch & Mey and C. nummularioides Pojark Atraphaxis spinosa L. (Polygonaceae) has no manna in Tehran. Province (even in other places.).The manna of Shir-khesht collected from the shrubs in kushk-E-BALA village altitude 1900-2200m (31 Km far from karadj in chalus road.) Shrubs in this area have been attacked by insect of scolytus rugulosus Mull (col. Scolytidae., Scolytinae.) and in other places which also have shrubs but without insect and larva so have no exudation. Larvae of this insect makes tunnel under the skin and destroy cambium then from these sites manna exudes. Exudation concern to humidity and tempereture of the sites, in the end of July to early August the difference of Maximums and Minimus temperatures are significant and high over twenty degree centigrade and in this period precipitation comes near Zero. Shir-khist occurs in small yellowish-white granules about the size of millet seed. During July and early August the branches of the cotoneaster become covered with the exudation, after few days become hard, collect. and mixe with flour. it is valued chiefly as medicinal product (pectoral, purgotive.).

Teucrium polium is one of the native spices witch belong to The Labiate family. The acrial parts of this fragrant plants were collecteed from National Botaanical Garden of Iran injulay 1998 at itss full flawering stage.The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation method and analysed by GC/MS b-caryophyllene (29.6%), b-pinene (15.9%) and cis-b-famesene (11%) were the major component in the essential oil.

Fluctuation of hypericin and yield in Hypericum perforatum was examined in Karaj Research Station in 1989. In this study chemical fertilizer, organic manure and combination of them were allocated in subplot, and plant density was allocated as main plot with 4,5.7 and 10 plant m-2. In a split plot design under CRBD with 3 replication. Hypericin in the tops from the first harvest was extracted and measured by soxhlet and spectrophotometer. Hypericin extraction was performed in two stages by CHCL3 and MeOH and measured by standard hypericin. The results showed that the combination of fertilizer and manure and also manure alone produced maximum hypericin, in the first harvest which were 2262 and 2197 ppm, respectively. Hypericin yields of the mentioned treatments with 4684 and 4534 gr/ha also showed significant difference with chemical fertilizer and control. The highest hypericin yield produced in 10 plant m-2 density. Sum of hypericin yields for combination of manure and fertilizer treatment in two harvests reaches to 8094 gr/ha. It seems that combination of chemical fertilizer and manure by improvement of the soil physical, chemical and biological properties are able to improve hypericin content without any toxicity in this medicinal plant.

Flowering part of Origanum majorana L. was collected from National Botanical Garden of Iran in Aug. 1999 and after confirming by the Herbarium of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, steam distilled for 45 min. to produce an oil of 0.3% yield (based on dry weight of flowers). The oil was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-four compounds were identified among which linalyl acetate (26.1%) and sabinene (12.0%) were the major constituents.

Essential oil composition of Cymbopogon o/ivieri (Boiss.) Bor. Which collected from our research station in Bandar abbass on 3 Dec. 1998, were investigated.Volatile oil were extracted by hydrodistillation method from fresh leaves and stems, and analyzed by GC and GC/MS, thirty compounds were identified. The major constituents for sample were piperitone (62.3%), trans - dihydroocimene (13.2%), a-cadinol (2.2%) and elemol (2%).

The essential oils, water-steam distilled, from Foeniculum vulgare Mill., harvested at 3 ontogenic stages (inflorescence at flowering stage, unripe seed and ripe seed), were evaluated for their chemical composition by GC and GC-MS. Twenty-two compounds were identified and the main constituents were (E)- anethole, limonene, fenchone and methyl chavicol. Higher oil yields were found at the unripe seed stage (5% w/w), but higher (E)- anethole percentage was found in the oil of ripe seed and chemical composition was influenced by the harvesting time.

The genus of Matricaria chamomilla L is one of the important of medicinal plants used in medicinal and cosmetics industries. In pharmacogonosy, consideration of the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of chamomile can be undertaken, to be clearly understood. Plant material were collected, 22 Km. Away from Kazeroon city on App. 1997, and essential oils obtained from flower heads by two different methods (Hydrodistillation & steam distillation). The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GCIMS. Main components for hydrodistilation method, representing 93.39% of total oil were, a- Bisabolol (56.86%), trans-trans-Farnesol(15.64%), sis-b-Farnesene(7.12%), Guaiazulene(4.24%) and chamazulene (2.18%) which are 86.04% from whole the oil. Main components for steam distillation method, representing 95.61% of total oil were, a-Bisabolol (51.72%), trans-trans-Farnesol (15.33%), Guaiazulene (10.51%), cis-b-Farnesene (9.48%) and chamazulene (3.69%), which are 90.73% from whole the oil. a-Bisabolol, a major component of matricaria, is reported to have anti-inflammatory can used in our medicinal and cometics industries.