IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2004 | Volume:20 | Issue:2|Papers Count:10

The effects of three levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) (0,100,200 Kg ha1) with two levels phosphorus (super phosphate) (0,100 Kg ha1) and two levels of potassium (0,100 Kg ha1) fertilizer in different rate of N/P/K on fresh weight, dry weight, number, aera and oil contetnt of leaf in Mentha piperita L. in field. According to the results rate of 200/200/200 Kg hal of N/P/K increased fresh weight, dry weight and number of leaf while rate of 200/100/200 Kg hal of N/P/K increased leaf aera and oil content. Results also a positive correlation was shown between leaf aera and oil content.

The genius of Echinophora presents 4 aromatic species in Iran, two of them are endemic.In this research, the aerial parts of E. sibthorpiana were collected in full flowering stage, from Tehran Provinc (north of Tehran). The plant materials were dried in room temperature and the essential oil isolated by steam distillation. The oil was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Among 17 compounds identified, the major components were delta-3-carene (31.8%), alpha-phellandrene (31.0%), methyl eugenol (16.9%), beta-phellandrene (5.3%) and p-cymene (4.7%).This oil could be used in cosmetic-hygenic industries because of the high amounts of delta-3-carene and alpha-phellandrene. These compounds have very good smells and used in perfumes.

To investigate quality and quantity of essential oil of Thymus kotschyanus in greenhouse and field cultivation, seeds of four populations of this species from Azarbayejan, Sirachal, Mianeh and Tabriz were collected and cultivated in greenhouse and field conditions. Kelevenger method was used to extract the essential oils from the plants foliage. Essential oil components were analysed and recognised by GC and GC/MS.The components included Thymol, Carvacrol and p-cymene. The highest main percentage of Thymol (65.94%), and r-cymene (20.40%), were found in Azarbayejan population and Carvacrol (53.14%), in Sirachal population.The oil yields of Thymus kotschyanus in field were higher than greenhouse conditions, but Thymol and Carvacrol were decreased and other monoterpenes were the major components of the essential oils in greenhouse conditions. In field conditions, the percentage of r -cymene was high, comparing to greenhouse condition, but g- terpinene was trace. This problem can be related to temperature and other conditions in field and greenhouse conditions. On the other hand, these differences between the oil composition of the greenhouse, and field grown populations, may reveal a common route of formation the components in the species.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is important opportunistic pathogen and to produce widespread infections by numerous virulence factors. Treatment of Pseudomonas infection is very difficult, because resistance to antibiotics is increasing. The purpose of this study was evaluation of antimicrobial effects of extract of Ruta graveolens on P. aeruginosa (28852ATCC). MIC and MBC of extract were evaluated and change of number of bacteria in the present of 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% of R. graveolens extract was compared with the change of number of bacteria in the present of 0.00078 and 0.00156mlg/ml gentamicin. The results showed that MIC and MBC of R. graveolenc extract were equal of 10% of concentration. Comparison of change of number of bacteria had shown that the effect of 8% of extract of R. graveolens after 4 h is equal of 0.00156mg/ml gentamicin after 2h. According to the results we can probably to use of R. graveolens against Pseudomonas infections, but we need more study and research.

The composition of the oils from flower and leaf of Achillea mellifolium L. subsp. mellifolium were collected during the flowering period from Lar area to Damavand montain, alt. 3400 m. in July 2003. The essential oils obtained by different methods of distillation (steam distillation and hydrodistillation), the percentage of oils for flower and leaf by steam distillation were 0.2 and 0.05% and by hydrodistillation were 0.4 and 0.04% respectively, and calculated on the dry weight, and analysis by GC and GC/MS.The major constituents by hydrodistillation in flower were p-cymene (19.8%), n- heptanol (15.2%) and bornyl acetate (12%) in leaf p- cymene (24.1%), n- heptanol (11.1%) and camphor (5.9%) and by steam distillation in flower were (E)-isoeugenyl acetate (18%), n- heptanol (16.3%), bornyl acetate (16.2%) and p-cymene (9.3%) in leaf (Z)- isodemicin (16%), (E)- isoeugenyl acetate (14.9%), nootkatin (13%) and longifolene (11.8%), respectively.

The genus of Bothriochloa is a member of Gramineae, distributed in south of Europe, Mediterranean region and south of Asia. In Iran one species is present in northern, northwest and western districts. The aerial parts of Bothriochloa ischaemum were collected from Karaj in Tehran province at full flowering stage in July 2003. Essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of plant, were analysed by a combination of capillary GC and GC/MS. The yeild of essential oil was obtained 0.1% (w/w). Fourteen compounds in the oil have been identified representing 98% of the oil. The main constituents were viridiflorol (73%). Other main components were kessane, valencene and a-selinene.

In order to study the genetic variation in Rosa damascene Mill., an experiment was conducted in at the experimental field of Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Eleven genotypes were evaluated, using a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Flower Yield, flower number, flower weight, plant height, canopy, branch angel, leaf number, spine density and spine length, were analyzed, using analysis of variance, principal components analysis and cluster analysis. The results of variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all of the traits, indicating a considerable genetic variation in germplasm available in Iran. Using principal component analysis, the first three components determined 68.43% of the total variation. According to cluster analysis, genotypes could be grouped into 3 clusters, based on multivariate analysis of 14 classification variables. Genotypes in cluster 1 averaged well above the overall mean for productivity and the other characteristics.

Bushehr province with an area of about 25360 sq. is beside Persian Gulf. This province was divided into two parts plain regions and mountains regions. Soil of plain regions is salt and sandy - laom and soil of mountains regions is sandy - soil often sandy –laom and alluvial.At first collection and identification of medicinal plants in Bushehr province with seven town ships which divided to four regions; This project performed for four years (1995 - 1999).In this research 70 species of medicinal plants were collected and identified. They classified in 70 species, 32 species were herbaceous, 17 bush, 12 shrubs, 7 trees and tubers. Scientific name, altitude and distribution were mentioned in this paper.

Melissa officinalis L. is a very easily grown plant that habitats in south and Eastern of Europe, Spain and Asia. The plant of Melissa collected from three fields in Fars, Tehran and Semnan provinces. Essential oils were isolated by hydro-distillation.The yields of Essential oils of Fars sample (Shiraz), Tehran sample (Karaj) and Semnan sample were 0.14%, 0.25% and 0.26% (w/w) respectively. The oils were analyzed by GC (9A-Shimadzu) and GC/MS (Varian 3400). Seventeen constituents at Fars sample oil, seventeen constituents at Tehran sample oil and fourteen constituents at Semnan sample oil were identified respectively.Major constituents of Fars sample were citronellal (25.4%), 13- caryophyllene (11.3%), thymol (10.5%), globolol (6.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.5%) and geraniol (5.7%); Major constituents of Karaj sample oil were citronellal (9.3%), carvacrol (31.8 %), Humulene epoxide (25.4 %) and a-humulene (10.2%). Major constituents of Semnan samples oil were citronellal (43.8%), l3-caryophyllene (13.5%), thymol (7.9%), globolol (6.8%), neral (5.3%) and geranial (5.0%).Fourteen constituents were common at all sample oil. Major constituent at all samples oil was citronellal. Four major constituents were common at Fars and Semnan samples oil