IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2003 | Volume:19 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

The effects of two levels of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) (0,100 kg ha-1) with one of levels in phosphorus (super phosphate) and potassium (potass oxide) fertilizer (each of 100 kg ha-1) in two rate of 0/100/100 kg ha-1 (N0 p100 k100, control) and 100/100/100 kg ha-1 (N100 P100K100) on quantity and quality of leaf (in before flowering) and flowering branches (in flowering) oil in Mentha piperita L. under the fram condition in form spilt plot design in four repeat have been evaluated. According to the results obtained, without regard to kind of treatment, main composition in oil included: Bocimene, linalool, 1,8- cineole, B caryophyllene, myrcene. In rate N0P100 K100 (control), amount of linalool and 1,8 cineole in flowering branches were more of leaf oil. In before flower enhancement of nitrogen fertilizer increased amount of linalool and 1,8 cineol and reduced amount of Bcaryophyllene and B-ocimene in leaf oil. In flowering branches, applied of nitrogen fertilizer increased amount of B-ocimene and B-caryophyllene and reduced linalool and 1,8 cineole. Amount of oil in flowering branches in control was more of leaf. Increased of nitrogen fertilizer, had positive effect on content leaf and flowering branches oil.

In this project, Lavander species was identified by with study of morphological characteristics and flora of Phalastina, Turkey and Iranica, This species has recognized with scientific names of Lavandula officinalis, Lavandula vera, Lavandula aungustifolia. Studies have shown that origin of Lavander is Europea conteries, such as France and it was spred via florance and Venis fo different parts of the world. The best way to increased this plants are with grafts to longitiuate 5-8 Cm from plant 2-3 ages. In this project enough a number of 500 Lavander grafts prepared to up way. Using Auxin 5ppm for part grafts for 24 hours, which usin from Auxin took the root two weeks earlier ratio to witness group, After three month growth and control of Lavander grafts in green house, transvered to farm. The farm divided in complete block random design and applied amount 0,50,I00,150,200kg per hectar ammonium nitrate in tree period to space two month, The farm irrigated with drop system, After five month took away ten plants in each part recorded height and plants canopy diameter, Plants cut with a pair of scissors. Average fresh weight, dry weight of ten plants in each part recorded after dispersed in green house. Extraction essential oil of dry plant with Clevenger Analysis data in end of project with soft wares of computer.Result showed ammonium nitrate caused an increase in fresh weight, dry weight, height, plants canopy diameter, number of branches and essential oil. Plants products increased with increase ammonium nitrate. The high growth showed in 150-200 kg per hectar Ammonium nitrate caused to high growth. Although nitrogen didn’t effective directory on medicinal compound, But nitrate present in Chlorophyl moleucol, However presentation of nitrate cause spreaded of leaves and level to build increased compound hydrocabones.

Medicinal plants are the important part of flora of Iran. Because of the ecological flexibitil of the plants of Labiatae family to different climatic conditions, they can be one of the important genetic resources of our country. They are used in food, Pharmacy, hygienic and perfume industries. Therefore collection and identification of Labiatae family plants of Vaz region were done. The first, different species were collected and identified, and then the uses of medicinal plants were mentioned by different references .Also some of physical and biological character of site and species are studied such as: altitude, cover percents, soil texture and accompanying. According to our study about the most permanent species of this family, 36 species belonging to 18 genuses were determined .After that species with high distribution were introduced like: Thymus kotschyanus, Stachys byzanthina, Stachys lavandulifolia, Teucrium olium, Ziziphoraclinopodioides, Salvia spp, Mentha spp, Marrubium vulgare, phlomis cancelata.

Effects of various concentrations of essential oils (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 percent) of Zhumeria majdae leaves collected from Sarchahan mountain on mitotic cell division and its stages in root cells of Allium cepa were studied in this investigation. Results showed that all of essential oil concentrations reduced the number of mitotic cells. The average of mitotic cells in control was 7.5 % and in 100% concentration was zero, and also prophase, metaphase and anaphase phases were reduced. The most of decrement was in prophase stage. There are many terpenes compounds in essential oils of Zhumeria majdae leaves. They are probably a major effective factor in decrease of mitotic cell division in Allium cepa roots.

Rosa damascena Mill is cultivated in different parts of Iran, and essential oil and rose water in large scales are produced. Essential oil is used in aromatic, food and cosmetics industrials. In this study, esential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method, from Rosa damascena collected from and cultivated in Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands. Components of this essence were compared to that of industrial samples extracted by the same method, from Rosa damacena cultivated in Kamoo. Samples were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents in industrial sample were phytol (39.3%), n-henicosane (16.5%), hexadecane (12.5%), nheptadecane (5.9%) and citronellol (4.1%) and for laboratory sample were nnonadecane (21%), citronellol (20.3%), geraniol (19%) and phenylethyl alcohol (18.9%).

The bienial milk-thistle belongs to the compositae family, with two meters height. The plant self-grows in road-sides and abandoned grounds in northern areas of Iran. The plant seeds are used for preventing and treatment of hepatic disorders. Its active components are comprised silibinin, silicristin and silidianin isomers, formerly called silymarin. Silymarin have antitoxic effect.The plant seeds were collected in summer 2000 from Isfahan countryside Barij Essence Co. Research farm. The silymarin of seed and several other pharmaceutical preparations were extracted using suitable solvent and were studied with HPLC and TLC methods, and compared with standard material.Quantitative determination of silymarin was performed by spectrophotometry and HPLC using internal standard method. The effect of various solvents on the efficiency of extracting silymarin was also studied. Spectrophotometry results were found which only total amount of isomers could be determined by spectrophotometry while all components of silymarin mixture would be determined by HPLC. Silymarin (Roth Co.) used as the standard substance and alpha naphtol as internal standard one.The amount of silymarin in two domestic seed samples was 1.5% while it was 2.3% in an imported one. In a group of German made Ardeyhepan and Silymarin 140 von ct Sample tablets, 128 mg and 161 mg silymarin was observed respectively which was 28% and 15% more than proposed quantity.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an obligate anaerobic bacterium. This bacterium is one of the most important agents causing adult periodontitis. Periodontitis is a common oral infection. Oral infections are usually controlled by mouthwashes, for example chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwash. The purpose of the present study was to evalue of antimicrobial effects of mouthwash of Chamomile, essential oil of Chamomile and chlorhexidine. We evaluated the antimicrobial effects by agar diffusion method on supplemented Brucella agar. The growth inhibition zones were measured and compared with each other. Inhibition zone for Chamomile mouthwash, chlorhexidine (0.2%) and essential oil (1:5 dilution) of Chamomile were 13, 29.33 and 19.3 mm, respectively. The results showed that Chamomile have antimicrobial effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis. It appears that we can use Chamomile as mouthwash for treatment and prophylaxis of periodontitis.

The ability of bacteria to develop resistance to antibiotics has become a signification problem in the treatment and control of diseases. Some of the plants however, show antibacterial effects. The extracts of these plants are natural products and do not cause any risk to human body and could be replacing antibiotics. In this study we investigated the antibacterial effects of Allium hirtifolium, A. kharputens and A.chrysantherum on three strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis, Escherichia coli. The plants were collected from vicinity of urmia, Mahabad and Sardasht in west Azerbaijan. "Disk Diffusion Method" used the extracts of dry bulbs against bacteria. The samples matched with antibiotics recently recommended against our selected bacteria. The result showed that the extracts of Allium hirtifolium had high effect on all the three bacteria but extract of two other plants had not a significant effect on used bacteria.