KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH
Year:2015 | Volume:9 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

Introduction: One of the most common and annoying problems during pregnancy is physiological foot edema that may cause activity restrictions during pregnancy for pregnant women. Present study aimed to determine the effect of foot massage on physiological edema during pregnancy.Methods: This study was non-randomized clinical trial and performed in 2012. 120 pregnant women aged 20 to 35 years were non randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. Treatment group, received 20 minutes daily foot massage during 5 days. Data were analyzes using SPSS statistical software, independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Foot edema measured by using a measuring non- elastic tape on the leg.Results: The results indicates a statistically significant difference between the average of the feet environments (around the ankle, heel and metatarsal joints between the finger bones) in both treatment and control groups (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that massage therapy is effective in reducing physiological edema during pregnancy. Therefor the lower limb massage can be performed by trained midwives and as a useful, low risk and low cost method in prenatal clinics or pregnant women homes.

Introduction: Long ago, only the movement disorder of Parkinson's disease (PD) was considered by researchers, but non-motor symptoms such as cognitive and memory disorder precedes the clinical symptoms. In the present study, a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat memory impairment model of PD was used to investigate in vivo production of oxidative stress and memory disorder.Methods: 6-OHDA (6mg/2μl of saline) was bilaterally injected in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC). The sham-operated rats were injected with saline. Spatial memory was evaluated in morris water maze (MWM). 6 days after neurosurgery the rats were killed and hippocampal tissues were separated on an ice-cold surface. Analysis of superoxid dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activity were performed.Results: There was no significant difference in total traveled distance between groups therefore, injured animals had no problem in movement. There was also a significant increase in the escape latency in lesioned group as compared to the sham (P<0.000). The time spent in quadrant target zone of injured rats was significantly shorter than sham rats (P<0.002). One way ANOVA analyses showed a significant reduction in SOD antioxidant activity in the hippocampus of injured rats as compared to sham (P<0.05). Moreover this reduction was not significant in GPX and CAT enzymes.Conclusion: Bilaterl substantia nigra pars compacta-lesioned as a model in early phase of Parkinson's disease would allow us to test new neuroprotective agents and treatment strategies.

Introduction: Acute or chronic lead poisoning in animals and humans is well documented. Moreover developing brain appears to be especially vulnerable to lead neurotoxicity, and the cerebellum has been described as a favorable target for lead poisoning. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effects of neonatal lead exposure (postnatal period of cerebellar development) on the motor behavior and cerebellar cortex in male rats.Methods: In this study, new born male rats were randomly divided into two groups: Control (n=10) and lead exposure groups (n=10). Rat pups in lead exposure group received 8 mg/kg lead acetate intraperitoneally daily for 21 days. Behavioral studies including rotarod and open field tests were performed in postnatal days 31–33 (PD) and histological study was performed after completion of behavioral measurements in postnatal day 33.Results: Result of the present work indicated that lead could impair rotarod performance in sessions 1, 2 (P<0.01) and in sessions 4, 6 (P<0.05). Also, open field test demonstrated that number of crossing and rearing significantly decreased in lead exposure group as compared to control group (P<0.05). Histological analysis also indicated that number of purkinje cells significantly reduced in lead treated group as compared to control group (P=0.001).Conclusion: These results suggested that chronic postnatal lead exposure had toxic effect on the cerebellum and can induce dysfunctions in motor and exploratory behaviors.

Introduction: Clinical education is an essential component and the heart of nursing education. Nursing is a practice-based discipline and the evaluation of educational goal achievement of nursing competency is essential. The objective of this study was to identify the achievement of clinical educational goals in fundamental skills among senior nursing students in ICU.Methods: This descriptive-analytical research was conducted on 56 senior nursing students. Subjects of this study were purposefully selected, and were directly observed in OSCE stations. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS-19 software. In each skill, the students' skills were categorised into five levels from unacceptable to excellent.Results: Subjects of this study demonstrated excellent competency in insertion of IV catheter; however, they showed neither good nor excellent competence in some fundamental procedures such as dressing, insertion of urinary catheter and feeding tube. The only variable with significant relationship to skill was students’ opportunities to repeat a procedure during clinical education (P= 0.01).Conclusion: The finding of this study revealed that senior nursing students had significant deficits in their clinical skills. Given the importance of fostering students' fundamental skills, offering additional learning opportunities for students to practice basic clinical skills is recommended.

Introduction: One of the causes of infertility is anovulation due to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In women with PCOS, Elevated serum LH levels and an increased ratio of LH to FSH is generally seen. To prevent an increase in LH and follicular atresia, the use of FSH is proposed. The aim of the present study was to compare pregnancy rate of two regimens of recombinant FSH (r-FSH) and urinary FSH (u-FSH) in patients with PCOS under IUI.Methods: This is a descriptive- analytical (retrospective) study which conducted on 441 infertile women with PCOS that referred to infertility clinic of Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital (in two years), and met the inclusion criteria for the study; the data was collected by referring to patients’ files.Results: there was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean endometrial thickness, number of dominant follicles, gonadotropin consumption, duration and type of infertility. Pregnancy rates in patients treated with the u-FSH was 6.28% and in the patients treated with r-FSH was 9.30%, and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.59).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the there is no difference in terms of pregnancy rate between two products, u-FSH and r-FSH, in infertile patients with PCOS under IUI. Therefore, we can use both of these products according to availability, cost and patient acceptance.

Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit multiple beneficial properties in treatment of various diseases through their differentiation capacity and secretion of paracrine signals. Therefore, using MSCs as a tool for cell therapy rely on the ability of harvesting a sufficient number of cells in a short time.Methods: In this study, MSCs derived from bone marrow (BM) and adipose tissue (AD) were investigated in terms of success rate of culture and cell yields. To ensure that the isolated cells are MSCs, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation study were performed by Oil Red O, Alizarin Red S and Alkaline Phosphatase assay, and specific surface markers expression examined by flow cytometry.Results: The results showed that successful culture's rate of AD-MSCs were superior to BM-MSCs. AD-MSCs reached to confluency and passage in a shorter time (faster) and produced further amount of cells at a defined time. It was also demonstrated that the derivation of MSCs from adipose tissue were completely reproducible and not donor dependent rather than BM-MSCs.Conclusion: In conclusion, with our protocol, adipose tissues are proposed the more appropriate source for derivation of MSCs in terms of percentage of cells successfully isolated and subsequent purification as compared to bone marrow.

Introduction: This study investigated the role of personality constructs in predicting the clinical syndrome of students with emotional breakdown and moderating role of perceived social support in this relationship. Methods: Using purposive sampling and based on questionnaires of the love trauma, Beck depression and GHQ in students with emotional breakdown experience, 65 students with and 65 students without the clinical syndrome were selected from Payam Noor University of Tabriz, Tabriz University, and Islamic Azad University of Tabriz, and completed HEXACO questionnaire and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS). Data analysis was done using SPSS16 and LISREL 8.54 by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and path analysis.Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in personality characteristics and social support (P<0.05), and social support had a moderating role in developing clinical syndrome after emotional breakdown.Conclusion: Personality characteristics and social support affect everyone's romantic relationships and would predict how to deal with the challenges in these relationships. After an emotional breakdown, if families are able to bring children out of this crisis with their direct and indirect support, this will lead to passing the trauma naturally and will prevent the continuation of the clinical syndrome.

Introduction: The aim of this research was to develop a new drug release systems based on Nanoparticles. In this study, the natural polymer chitosan was used for preparation of nanoparticles due to its unique properties, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability.Methods: The polymeric nano-drug controlled release system has been designed with experimental design D-optimal response surface methodology, for varied variables such as the concentration of acyclovir, concentration ratio of chitosan/ TPP and pH using the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles were characterized morphologically by scanning electron microcopy (SEM), particle size analyser (DLS) for determining size, zeta and PdI, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Spectroscopy for determination of structure of nanoparticlesand thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA)for studying thermal behavior. The optimized nanoparticles were characterized.Results: The size of the particles was detected to be 132±24.3 nm; zeta potential was 32±2.87 mV; PdI of particles was 0.159±0.05; and calculated EE% was 85±4.38%. An in-vitro release study of the prepared nanoparticles illustrated that the percentage of acyclovir released from the nanoparticles was 80.17±2.45% within 48 hrs.Conclusion: The optimized nanoparticles according to SEM image, exhibited segregated and non-aggregated nanoparticles with sub-spherical smooth morphology and also the high thermal stability of acyclovir nanoparticles at temperature up to 200°C due to TGA analysis, which indicated a well-established structure of nanoparticles.

Introduction: There are numerous strategies to reduce of workers' exposure to chemical pollutants and control of emitted pollutants. Local exhaust ventilation (LEV) is most common equipment for engineering controls that is more preferred than other control methods. The aim of this study was to determine efficiency of LEV to control emissions dust in ambient air of a screen unit of steel industry.Methods: This is a descriptive study and in order evaluates efficiency of LEV, the screen unit divided into four parts including: ground floor, floor screen, hood 1 floor and platform hoods 15, 16, 17. The 36 air samples collected with the method of NIOSH -600 (cyclone samplers) were used to conduct both respirable and total dust sampling in the ON & OFF mode of ventilation system.Results: The results showed that the first floor had highest concentration with an average and range of 271.3 (118.1-434.47) mg/m3 (Approximately 18.2 times the PEL-OSHA) and its control efficiency was 3.9%. The lowest concentration was found at the screen floor with the average and range of 20.77 (8.95-31.51)mg/m3 (Approximately1.4 times the PEL-OSHA) and also its efficiency for ventilation in ''ON'' mode was 29.35 %. The average and range of concentration and overall efficiency in whole of the unit were found to be 127.6 (20.77-234.63) mg/m3 and 7.96 %, respectively. (TLV-ACGIH:10mg/m3, PEL-OSHA: 15mg/m3).Conclusion: In this study the efficiency of the system was different in different parts and LEV had not appropriate efficiency, which could be attributable to lack of regular and scheduled system for maintenance and monitoring of LEV and also change of production rates.

Plastic bowing is a constant deformation of long bones occurring after a long standing force to bone. This type of fracture is seen in children and is uncommon in the adults.In this paper we report a case of fibular plastic deformity with ipsilateral tibia fracture in a 20 years old man that occurred after a direct hit. At the initial examination vital signs were stable and radiography of tibia and fibula fracture with plastic deformation were clear. In order to treat him we performed fibular close reduction and tibia internal fixation with intramedullary nailing.