Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2010 | Volume:7 | Issue:2 (25)|Papers Count:9

This study review the causal mechanisms linking institutional changes across countries to changes in the levels of economic performance. Mechanism considered in this study is the effects of property rights protection on physical and human capital accumulation and on economic performance, measured by the level of per capita GDP. For this purpose, this study has used Dincer (2007) approach. Dincer (2007) added variables related to institutional features of countries to neoclassical growth model proposed by Mankiw, Romer, and Weil (1992). It will test augmented model using data from 77 countries over the period 2000 to 2007. The results show that the augmented model increase the explanatory power. Also they revealed the accumulation of physical and human capital, and therefore the level of per capita GDP in a country, is positively related with the degree of property rights protection as well as with the saving rates.

Aware from electricity consumption in each period is necessary to Wright planning for main policy making. Therefore its demand forecasting is important between economic various sections. in this paper, was surveyed the comparative study of nonlinear manners of Artificial Neural Network and Wavelet Transform and liner process of ARMA in forecasting the electricity daily demand in time distance since one step to ten step ahead. The results presented the artificial neural network and wavelet transform on base of RMSE and MAPE indicators have high accuracy than ARMA in forecasting the electricity daily demand.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate impacts of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables and fluctuations with methods such as Rational Expectation (Azam theory), Pesaran and Shin and Hendry during 1973-2006.The results show that analyzing the impacts of real effective exchange rate (reer) and inflation rate (inf) in rational expectation framework isn't possible. Both central bank policy tools have great impact on reer and inf (long run & short run). So choosing a good and suitable policy is very important for macroeconomic stability.

The main purpose of this paper investigate the impacts of ICT infrastructure and accesses with attention to income inequality on economic growth. A panel data set for 14 countries with high income inequality and 14 countries with low income inequality for the period 2000–2006 has been assembled to test the analytical investigations. The panel estimation shows that the implied effect of ICT infrastructure and accesses on growth is less down for countries with high income inequality because the digital divide hinders economic growth incurred by the ICT. From a policy standpoint, this result implies that the positive impact of ICT on growth will be reinforced by the income redistribution.

Price changes Price change is the most important channel to reflect the effects of economic policies on economic situation of households. Price change effects which captured by means of price elasticity of poverty index could be decomposed two components.The first is income effect and the second is distributional effect, which measures the relative price change. Distribution effect determines whether the price changes benefit the poor proportionally or benefit the non-poor. Also this paper uses price index for poor (PIP), which can be computed for any poverty indexes. PIP uses the share of goods expenditure in total household budget of poor household, so PIP shows the poor reflection more precisely. While the conventional consumer price index such as Laspiears use the share of goods expenditure in total household budget as an average, which reflect household behavior with average income. The empirical results by using urban Iranian households data, based on the consumer demand theory, show the price changes during (2003-2008) period, occurred in a way that favor of the non-poor proportionally more than the poor. Just during (2004-2005), price changes proportionally have favored the poor, because the non-basic good's price had faster increase than basic good's price.

This study identify effective factors on housing price at urban regions of Hamedan Province. Between different models, Hedonic Model was used. In traditional model of hedonic price, structural characteristics of dwelling unit and also environmental and neighborhood characteristics for estimating of house price is spotted. Model of this study is Reid suggested model. This model also considers owners and buyers characteristics of dwelling units.On the basis of determination coefficient Reid Model is better in comparison with traditional hedonic model. Reid Model is estimated for owners and tenants separately. Results of this study shows that quality of housing services such as land area, number of rooms, kinds of skeleton (metal or brick), annual fixes, package and lift are effective and significant. Demographic variables such as age, sex, level of education and marriage position of owners are important too.

The main objective of this paper is to estimate the foreign tourism demand for Iran from India, Pakistan and Turkey during 1974-2005. This study proposes a new technique–the time varying parameter (TVP) approach to tourism demand modeling. To that end, the behavioral change of tourists over time is traced using the Kalman filter approach. The main findings of this paper reveal that the foreign tourism appears to be a normal good and inelastic to the domestic prices. In addition, habit information is an important factor of Irans tourism demand. Comparing income elasticity and own price elasticity between these countries show that the tourism demand from Turkey has a better situation to other countries.