ZANKO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2018 | Volume:19 | Issue:62 |Papers Count:12

Background and Aim: Despite growing interest in the area of couple attachment amongresearchers, family and couples professionals, systematically defining and measuring of thisconcept still remains as a challenge. According to the researchers, the attachment behaviorsin marital relationships are important for safe bonding, Satisfaction and Sustainability ofrelationships. This study was designed to examine the Confirmatory factor structure andevaluate the psychometric properties of the Brief Accessibility, Responsiveness, andEngagement scale (BARE) of Sandberg et al (2012) in couple relationships. Material and Method: In this descriptive study of psychometric tools, in the pilot study, 30subjects (15 couples) and in the original run, 400 people (200 couples) from marrieddormitory of national universities in Tehran in the second half of 2015 were selected bymultistage cluster sampling method and responded to BARE scale, double compatibilityquestionnaires, marital satisfaction and marital conflict questionnaire. To investigate thefactor structure (construct validity), convergent and divergent validity and reliability ofBARE, evaluation of exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient andCronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL software. Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that a total of six factorsExplained 84. 72 percent of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that thescale has an acceptable fit to the data and confirmed all indexes of goodness-of-fit relative toModel. Also Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability of the scale in whole ofquestionnaire obtained 0. 86 and 0. 90 respectively. The convergent validity of the BAREscale with double Compatibility and marital satisfaction questionnaire, was respectively 0. 68and 0. 72. Divergent validity with marital conflict questionnaire obtained-0. 58 that was highand acceptable. Conclusion: The results indicated good psychometric properties of the BARE scale. Therefore, this scale can be used as a valid and reliable instrument in marital researches.

Background and Aim: Despite the economic advances and the huge achievements ofresearchers in healthcare fields in the past century, we have seen clear gaps in thedevelopment level of healthcare services among regions and countries and inequality in thedevelopment of health facilities. This study aimed to evaluate the inequality in thedistribution of healthcare services in Sistan and Baluchistan province. Material and Method: This is a descriptive study that its population is Sistan andBaluchistan counties, and the information that is required for ranking the counties has beenextracted from the statistical yearbook of Sistan and Baluchistan province. Data wereanalyzed by Excel 2010 and TOPSIS Solver Software, using TOPSIS and MorrisDevelopment Index Techniques. Results: The results showed that Zabol is the most developed county and Qasr-e Qand is inthe least level of development in terms of healthcare services in the province and also there isa high inequality and gap between province counties. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that healthcare facilities and services in Sistanand Baluchistan province are not distributed equally and there is a large gap between thecounties of the province in terms of development of healthcare services. Therefore, it isrecommended to take measures to reduce the health services gap in the counties of provincethrough development oriented planning.

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tractinfections. This pathogen is divided into 8 phylogenetic groups: A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, andclade I. The study of phylogenetic groups and their antibiotic resistance in differentgeographic regions is necessary in order to obtain epidemiological information and bettertreatment. Material and Method: In this study, 119 strains of E. coli which were obtained frompatients with urinary tract infection were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex-PCR method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also performed by agar diffusion test. Results: The prevalence of phylogenetic groups in E. coli isolates was B2 (47. 9%), C(10. 9%), D (9. 2%), A (8. 4%), F (7. 6%), E (5. 9%), B1 (5%), Clade I (3. 4%), and Unknown(1. 7%). The highest resistance rates were observed for ampicillin (80. 6%) and cotrimoxazole(66. 4%). The most effective antibiotics were imipenem (100%) and nitrofurantoin (92%). There was no significant correlation between antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic groups. Conclusion: Group B2 was the most phylogenetic group which poses highest resistant tovarious antibiotics among patients with urinary tract infections. To treat more effectively andprevent the emergence of resistant strains, an antibiotic susceptibility test is essential beforetreating urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli.

Background and Aim: People in social situations will not work the same. These individualdifferences in psychological literature refer to social intelligence. The present study was doneto determine social intelligence among students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciencesand its related factors in 2016. Material and Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The population was students ofKurdistan Universities of Medical Sciences, of which 440 students were selected byclassified random sampling and proportional allocation was used. A questionnaire including36 items was used for collecting data on social intelligence. Data were analyzed usingdescriptive statistics including frequency, mean, standard deviation, T-test, ANOVA, andPearson correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score of social intelligence was 20. 71 ± 0. 41 from the maximum score of36. There was no statistically significant relationship between gender and social intelligence(t=-0. 79, p=0. 43). The results of this study showed that the only variable that was statisticallysignificant was social status with students' social intelligence (t=-1. 99, p=0. 04). Conclusion: The score of social intelligence among the studied students was moderate. It isrecommended to hold training classes for them.

Background and Aim: Virtual education and E-learning have developed during past decade. All countries have tried to promote this new technology. They employed E-learning ineconomic and education. This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of virtualeducation in the educational courses of Biosafety for post-graduates students in IranUniversity of Medical Science as students in 2018. Material and Method: In this descriptive cross-sectional study data were collected by aquestionnaire from 146 students. Students were MA and PhD students in basic sciences. Thevalidity was confirmed with experts. Reliability of questionnaire calculated 76% throughCronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed with SPSS16. Results: The results showed that most of students have claimed virtual educational coursesof Biosafety is possible. Most of them (90%) were interested in virtual courses. However, there are some challenges in terms of infrastructure such as financial and technical resources, personnel and Culture. Conclusion: It seems infrastructures have vital role for virtual education development. Shortages in every infrastructure discourage students.

Background and Aim: Nowadays, the increasing spread of drug resistance among bacteriahas led to the use of other methods including herbal medicines to control human infectionsworldwide. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial effects of ethanolicextract of flowering plants Calendual officinalis L. against some pathogen microorganisms. Material and Method: The studied plant was collected from Marand city in East Azerbaijan, Iran and were confirmed as Calendual officinalis L. by botanists of East research center. Ethanolic extract of flowers was prepared in different concentrations (0/19, 0/39, 0/75, 1/56, 3/12, 6/25, 12/5 and 25 mg/ml) by meceration. Antibacterial activity of the extract wasconducted with agar well diffusion and micro dilution method on the abovementionedstandard strains. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA analysis at P<0. 001. Results: The maximum sensitivity with average diameter of the inhibition zone (13± 0/45mm) was assessed risen from the concentration of 50 mg/ml ethanolic extract of the plantCalendual officinalis L. flowers of Staphylococcus aureus. Also, the minimum inhibitoryconcentration for Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis was 0. 75 mg/ml. Also, the minimum lethal concentration was 0. 75 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of flowering plants Calendual officinalis L. in springtimeunder laboratory conditions has inhibitory effect against all four strains tested. Therefore, thisextract can be a good alternative for future studies in in vivo to provide antibacterial drugs.

Background and Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness ofmindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on reducing anxiety and depression of patientswith asthma in Sanandaj city. Material and Method: In this quasi-experimental study, convenience sampling method withpre-test and post-test design was used along with control and intervention groups. 144 patientswith asthma filled out Beck Depression Inventory and Beck anxiety Inventory. 45 peopleshowed a high score on scales of anxiety and depression. Among them, 24 were randomlyselected and were assigned to control and experimental groups. The experimental groupreceived 8 sessions of one and a half hours of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, but thecontrol group did not receive any treatment. T. test was used to compare the quantitativevariables between the two groups, and Chi-square test was used for qualitative variables bySPSS v. 22 software. Results: Data analysis showed that in the post-test stage, the anxiety level of theexperimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group (p=0. 015). Although the level of depression decreased in the experimental group, it was not significant(p=0/060). Conclusion: Considering the role of psychological problems in asthma and the effective roleof mindfulness in decreasing the psychological symptoms of patients, it is recommended thatin order to reduce anxiety and depression in patients with asthma, along with routine medicaltherapies, use mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to improve their psychological problems.

Background and Aim: Heavy metals including mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic(As) are toxic. long-term exposure of living organisms to them will have many risks. Although breast milk is the best nutrition for infants, it can be a source of exposure to toxicmetals. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of mercury (Hg), cadmium(Cd), and arsenic (As) in the breast milk and to investigate the effect of some parameters ontheir concentration as well as to evaluate the correlation between toxic metals and infantgrowth. Material and Method: Breast milk samples (20-30 ml) were collected from 100 mothers ataround 2nd month postpartum. Concentrations of Hg, Cd, and As were analyzed usingInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The Spearman correlationcoefficient was used to determine the relationship between the concentration of the toxicmetals in milk and the defined variables. Results: Mean Hg concentration was 3. 48 μ g/L. concentration of Cd and As was in the rangeof Limit of Detection (0. 1 and 0. 2 μ g/L, respectively). In 49% of samples, the concentrationof Hg was higher than the limit recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) (1. 4-1. 7μ g/l). Mean weekly intake of Hg, Cd and As was 3. 4, 0. 098, and 0. 2 μ g/kg per week, respectively. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between Hgconcentration in breast milk and infant factors (weight, length, and head circumference ofinfants at 2nd month of age) (p>0. 05). There was a significant relationship between theconcentration of mercury in breast milk and parameters such as fish consumption andmother's occupation (p<0. 05). Conclusion: Mean concentration of mercury in breast milk samples is higher than therecommended limit. To reduce the amount of toxic metals in breast milk, preventive practice, including the holding of an educational course, should be carried out. In order to evaluate theexposure of mothers during pregnancy and lactation, monitoring programs and measuring thelevels of toxic metal in breast milk are needed in a larger statistical population.