ZANKO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2015 | Volume:16 | Issue:50|Papers Count:9

Background and Aim: Breast and cervical cancers the most common cancer and the main cause of cancer deathin women. Cancer screening is based on Prevention and early detection. The aim of this study was the survey of Prevalence of Breast and Cervical Cancer screening behavior and related factors in woman who refereeing to health center of Sanandaj city.Material and Method: This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 250 over 20- years old women's referring to Health Centers in 2014 years which were recruited with a Cluster sampling method. Data was collected through a Researcher made questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.85. Data was analyzed by SPSS v16 software.Results: The mean age of participants was 36 years. Two hundred and seven participants (82.8%) were married and the level of education in 65 women (26%) was diploma. One hundred and ninety-six (78.4) women in this study was house keeper. The percentage of screening tests including self-examination, clinical examination, mammography and Pap smear consequently were 13.6%, 4.8%, 9.6% and 7.2%. The most important factors affecting screening tests in this study was age, educational level, job, marital status and history of problem and history of cancer in the family.Conclusion: The Breast and Cervical Cancer screening tests was less than expected in the study population. Regarding the factors affecting these tests need to pay more attention to the programs that will improve the level of screening behaviors.

Background and Aim: Pyrocatechol is considered as apriority pollutant since it is harmful to organisms at low concentrations, and has been classified as hazardous pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study is efficiency of Pyrocatechol removal by modified lemna minor from Aqueous Solution.Material and method: This study was performed in laboratory at batch scale. The effects of different parameters including contact time, pH, Pyrocatechol initial concentration and biomass dosage were studied for removal of Pyrocatechol. All experiments were repeated twice and then adsorption isotherms and kinetics of different models were analyzed by comparing the coefficient of determination. The concentration of Pyrocatechol was measured by HPLC.Results: The results showed that Pyrocatechol removal was highest at a solution pH=3 and a adsorbent dose of 4 g/L, contact time of 90 min. The Pyrocatechol removal percentage decreased from 98.2 to 71.4%, when the concentration of Pyrocatechol was increased from 25 to 200 mg/L, at optimum pH and dosage. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order Kinetics provided the best fit for the experimental data.conclusion: Overall, the studied absorbent can be used as an effective and low cost absorbent to treat the industrial wastewater and aqueous solution containing phenolic compounds.

Background and Aim: Dysmenorrhea is a common cause of reduced performance in the workplace, education, and reduced quality of life for women. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with dysmenorrhea. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of dysmenorrhea among students.Material and Method: This study was cross-sectional. The number of students (n=310) of Kashan. University of medical sciences that no pelvic mass, uterine cancer and ovarian cyst surgery were randomly selected. And were selected randomly by a statistical software spss18 information were analyzed.Result: The result of this study showed that from 310 students the 206 students %66.5 have dysmenorrhea. Also, the start of menarche age and age average for dysmenorrhea were 13.6 and 15.6 respectively. From 206 dysmenorrhea 124 students %60.19 had a history of dysmenorrhea pain in mothers and Among 176 with dysmenorrhea who were sister, number 128students %72.7 had a history of menstrual pain in Sister. The data analysis indicated that significant between dysmenorrhea and history of dysmenorrhea pain in mothers pv=0.02 and sister pv=0.01 there.Conclusion: According to the results of this study High prevalence of dysmenorrhea among students. Students with education and awareness can reduce the severity of dysmenorrhea and reduce it.

Background and Aim: Increasing use of nanomaterials in various sectors cause environmental concerns for humans and other organisms. Therefore, the purpose of this research was the effect of modified carbon nanotubes by dendrimer on the gill histopathology of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) under laboratory condition.Material and Method: In this research, four concentration of carbon nanotubes non-lethal were used that the including 1, 10, 32, and 100 mg/l with the control group (no chemical). After 4 days exposure to carbon nanotubes, the samples of fish gill were taken. To study classical histology, after preparation of the samples with haematoxylin - eosin staining, the slides were photographed by an optical microscope.Results: The results of this research indicated that the carbon nanotubes caused damages such as clubbing the head string, edema, hyperplasia, fusion, aneurysms, mucous, and necrosis in gills of zebra fish. Moreover, levels of tissue damages in gill on the carbon nanotubes were dose-dependent.Conclusion: According to results of this study, the damage levels of gill histopathology exposure to carbon nanotubes-dendrimer composite was more serious in high concentrations and there was no possibility of tissue recovery. The damages of this composite on gill tissue show the toxicity of this substance on zebrafish and recommended the release of this substance into the aquatic environment to be controlled.

Background and Aim: Emotional anger, that there are innate in all and set the thrill of something much valued. Considering the importance of education in life skills curriculum. Anger management skills are essentia. The first step should be measured in the thrill, then the next step, training to control this natural excitement planned. The aim of this research is to measure the anger of the teachers in Sanandaj and comparison between boys and girls is the school teachers.Material and Method: The study was descriptive. A total of 283 teachers were selected, the data using the questionnaires state- trait anger 2 and by random sampling were collected and using the software SPSS-18 (Statistical methods (correlate and descriptive) and R software were analyzed.Results: The highest in the subscales of scale state anger were belong to boys schools in the second and third bases teachers. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between teachers' anger with gender and years of service (p<0.01).Conclusion: The anger of the teachers showed their anger fields in the future, and this is very important.According to the results is required anger management training will also be included in the program of in-service teachers.

Background and Aim: Increasing resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial agents is a major problem around the world. The aim of this study was to indentify the bacterial agents in urinary tract infections and their antibiotic resistance determination in hospitalized and referred individuals to Sanandaj’s Tohid Hospital city during 2013-2014.Materials and Methods: In this study 2406 urine samples were collected with midstream clean catch method and cultured in blood agar and Eosin-methylene blue medium using standard loop. Then incubated for 24 hsr in 37oC. Identification of bacterial isolates by laboratory method and antibiotic susceptibility test were performed by disk diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). For data analysis software Excel 2013 and SPSS V22 software and Fisher Exact test were used (p<0.05).Results: Of 2406 urine samples positive culture, 65.5% belongs to females and 34.5% belongs to males and with taking p<0.004, this difference was significant. The most common isolated pathogen was Escherichia coli and cause of 63.09% positive cultures. Most of urinary pathogens resistant were to ampicillin (64.15%), trimetoprim -sulfamethoxazole (62.67%). The least rate of resistance was to imipenem (0.7%) and amikacin (1.01%). E. coli as most common pathogen of urinary tract infections showed the most resistance to ampicillin (43.87%) and the least resistance to nitrofurantoin (3.62%) indicated.Conclusion: When the urine culture is not available or it is not possible to wait for the antibiotic susceptibility test, antibiotics imipenem and amikacin may be the best choice to begin the treatment in the Sanandaj city.

Background and Aim: In order to reduce investment and operating expenses stabilization sludge treatment plant is necessary, sludge in wastewater treatment plants is reduced as much as possible. The modified sludge is easily concentration, thus preparing sludge is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different coagulants in the country's for condense municipal sludge.Materials and Methods: In this project plant south of Tehran, were selected for sampling and samples consisting of a mixture of primary and secondary sludge settling pond and with the container at 4oC in the laboratory, Faculty of Health Sciences it was the transfer of medical Shahid Beheshti. Materials sludge coagulants that were tested include aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, poly aluminum chloride and ferric sulfate.Results: The results showed that the ferric iron had highest efficiency in the sludge dewatering. Aluminum sulfate was least effective in the sludge dewatering. The mean of PH was 7.66 and the mean of TSS was 3405.5. The mean of solid materials sedimentation was 1343 ml per liter and the mean of VS sludge was equal to 56.5.Conclusion: Among the various methods of sludge dewatering using chemicals because of the low cost of materials is a good option for treatment. But chemicals in the production of sludge can increase the production of sludge that is required to select the best material to reduce the sludge. But as the results show that the iron sulfate sludge reduction is the best female performance.

Background and Aim: Social anxiety is one of the most common emotional issues that influence life of different groups, especially young peoples. Definitely choose treatment strategies and interventions to address social anxiety require identifying the important variables in the formation of this type of anxiety. So the aim of this study was prediction of social anxiety by cognitive emotion regulation and emotional schema.Materials and Methods: The Statistical population was students of Kharazmi University.The sample includes 130 student were selected by multistage clustering method. Social Phobia Questionnaire (SPIN) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation-P-Short (CERQ-P-Short), and Leahy emotional schema scale (LESS) were completed by participants. For data analysis, descriptive statistic mean, standard deviation, inferential statistic regression analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used.Results: Results didn’t show significant difference in social anxiety and its subscales in boys and girls students. Furthermore two components of cognitive emotion regulation, catastrophizing and reconcentration on planning significantly predict the total social anxiety score. However emotional schema of uncontrollability could significantly predict the social anxiety.Conclusion: Catastrophizing, refocus on planning and uncontrollability emotional schemas are being able to predict Social anxiety in the future. The findings suggest that determine the emotional schemas and working with them, as well as improving emotion regulation skills is an issue that should be addressed in the treatment of social anxiety disorder.