Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2013 | Volume:12 | Issue:1 (82)|Papers Count:16

Background and Objective: Instability and deterioration of some drugs, vitamins and fatty dairy products in a liquid phase is one of the difficulties in the long-term storage, especially in the case of bulk products. Besides, some of these powder materials do have no enough compressibility to change them in a tablet dosage form and may need technological modification. In present study yogurt was used as a suitable model for the evaluation.Subjects and Methods: The liquid fresh yogurt was lyophilized at-40oC and 0.03 Tor pressure. The dry powder was homogenized by a 12 mesh size sieve. Carr's compressibility index, Hausner ratio and the angle of repose tests were applied to evaluate porosity, density and therefore the flow ability of yogurt powder. Study of deformation of particles during forcing was done by calculation of elastic recovery index.Results: Carr's compressibility index and Hausner ratio were 15% and 0.94, respectively. The range of repose angle was between 19-20. The elastic recovery was obtained 60%. Hardness of tablets increased by decreasing compression velocity, therefore yogurt powder might have a plastic deformation. Tablets with low fat yogurt showed very good compressibility with 6-12 Strong-Cab hardness units.Conclusion: With respect to selection of the conditions and proper drying method (Liyophilization process), and also to rely on measurable indexes such as: density, porosity and finally compressibility of the powder, preparation of a solid tablet from liquid yogurt for therapeutic and nutritious uses, is possible.

Background and Objective: Annually, thousands of the elective caesarean sections are performed that the fear of labor pain is considered as the major underlying cause. Various methods are introduced for pain relief during labor. Prolongation of labor is one of the complications of some painless labor methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Entonox inhalation as a type of labor analgesia, on the duration of the active phase of labor and outcome of delivery.Subjects and Methods: This is a clinical trial study which was performed on 200 pregnant women at the maternity ward of Ahvaz Emam Khomeini hospital. The women were randomly divided into two equal case and control groups (n=100). The case group inhaled Entonox with a mask from the start of the active phase of labor, and the delivery was performed for the control group without Entonox use.Result: The duration of active phase of labor in the case group was significantly shorter than the control group (4.07±2.1 hours in study group in comparison with 5.12±2.06 hours in control group).Furthermore use of Entonox not only caused decrease in the labor pain and increases in mothers' satisfaction, but also did not influence on the APGAR of the neonates.Conclusions: The finding of this study demonstrated that Entonox gas is an effective and a safe method for relief of labor pain. In addition not only it reduces duration of active phase of labor, but also increases mothers' satisfaction.

Background and Objective: The venom of many Viperidae snake appear to contain proteins that affect blood coagulation. The aim of this study was to identify and isolate a blood coagulation factor V activator present in the venom from Vipera lebetina.Material and Methods: Factor V activator was purified from 200 mg of crude venom by three steps of chromatorgraphy which included: gel filtration on sephadex G100, Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE and cellulose and affinity chromatography on heparin agarose. The effect of factor V activator on human factor V was studied by measuring the amidiolytic activity of the produced thrombin by activated factor V (Va).Results: The results of SDS – PAGE identified an activator of factor V as a single protein band with a molecular weight of 29 KDa. This compound was converted, in the presence of calcium ions, to active factor Va. It also had arginine esterase activity toward substrate BAEE (NX-benzoyl arginine ethyester) and a weak amidase activity on S-2222 (benzoylle-glu-Gly-Arg-p- nitroanilide).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the isolated factor is a specific activator on factor V.

Background and Objective: Scorpion sting is a serious public health problem in different parts of Iran. The majority of the scorpion sting cases are due to Buthidae family. Scorpion toxin consists of different biologic active components which are encoded by individual gene. The aim of this study was to amplify of cDNA encoding aα-like neurotoxin, named OD1 from the venom gland of Iranian scorpionOdonthobuthus doriae.Materials and Methods: the identified Odonthobuthus doriae scorpions were prepared from theRazi vaccine and serum research institute that located in Hesarak, Karaj. The total mRNA was prepared and purified from the venom gland by using RNA extraction kit. The cDNA library was then constructed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.Results: After optimizing PCR conditions, a cDNA encoding α-like neurotoxin, named as OD1, was selectively amplified by PCR. Using degenerate and appropriate primers, an open reading frame of 264 base pair encoding the mature toxin with 64 residues was amplified from a cDNA library of Odonthobuthus doriaevenom gland.Conclusion: The predicted amino acid sequence consist of 88 amino acid residues including a putative signal peptide of 24 residues and a mature toxin of 64 residues.

Background and Objective: Surgical extraction of impacted third molars is usually accompanied with inflammatory reactions which result in pain, swelling and trismus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different preand-inter-surgical variables such as age, gender, temporomandibular disorders (TMD), type of impaction, root morphology and experience of surgeon on the maximum mouth opening after surgical extraction of impacted third molars.Materials and Methods: In this prospective study we included seventy six patients with impacted lower or upper third molar in this study. Pre-and-per surgical variables were recorded through a questionnaire. Degree of trismus was evaluated through maximum interincisal mouth opening before and 48 hours after surgery. Data was analyzed using T-paired in SPSS.15 software.Results: The minimum and maximum interincisal openings before surgery were, respectively, 22 mm and 65 mm with an average of 47.1±8.5 mm. Two days after operation, the maximum interincisal opening was 62 mm, and the minimum was 8 mm with an average of 28.5±6.2 mm (p<0.05). None of the variables except root morphology had any significant correlation with maximum interincisal opening. However trismus was lower in patients operated with professors (attendants) than postgraduate students (p>0.05). In patients who were treated by postgraduate students was lower than that of undergraduate students (p>0.05). Trismus was high in TMD patients.Conclusion: Trismus was significantly higher in patients who had third molars with separate and divergent roots.

Background and Objective: Postpartum hemorrhage is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Active management of third stage of labor including the use of uterotonic agents could be effective in reduction of postpartum hemorrhage and peripartum mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of intraumbilical injection of diluted oxytocin with intravenous infusion of oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labor.Subjects and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was done on 102 vaginal delivery primiparous pregnant women. Women in first group (n=51) received 20 units of diluted oxytocin in 20 ml of 0.9% N/S injected in the umbilical vein. Women in second group (n=51) received 20 units of diluted oxytocin intravenously. The primary outcome measurement was the mean duration of third stage of labor and mean changes in post delivery hemoglobin. Data were analyzed using SPSS Ver.15.0, descriptive statistics, t test and Chi square with 95% of confidence interval.Results: Mean duration of third stage of labor in intraumbilical group (3.50±0.97 min) was significantly shorter than intravenous group (5.16±1.13 min) (P=0.001). Also women in intravenous group had lower amount of post-delivery hemoglobin (9.66±0.91 g/dl) than women in intraumbilical group (10.42±0.70 g/dl) (P=0.001).Conclusion: It seems that active management of the third stage of labor using intraumbilical oxytocin compared with intravenous infusion of oxytocin can reduce the length of third stage of labor and, after delivery, less drop in hemoglobin level.

Background and Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) obviously disturbs quality of life by reducing exercise tolerance, dyspnea and fatigue. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle training on improving the quality of life in COPD patients.Methods: This randomized controlled trial consisted of 30 patients (27 males, 3 females) with mild to very severe COPD referred to the specialist pulmonary clinic. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups. Training was performed with respivol flow-volumetric inspiratory exerciser.The IMT group trained 8 weeks (21 minutes/day for 6 days/week). The quality of life was evaluated by St George questionnaire at the beginning and end of 8 weeks of inspiratory muscle training.Result: At the end of training, a significant improvement in total score of quality of life was observed in IMT group versus control group (P<0.001). The 3 dimensions of quality of life include: activity (P<0.001) symptom (P=0.001) and impact (P<0.001) showed statistically significant improvement in comparison with control group.Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that inspiratory muscle training has beneficial effects on quality of life in COPD patients.

Background and Objective: In recent years the incidence opportunistic fungual infections has in creased dramatically. One of the most common fungal pathogen Candida dubliniensis, colonization and biofilm formation on the surfaces of medical devices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against C. dubliniensis biofilm formation by the MTT colorimetric method is measured.Materials and Methods: In this study, ZnO nanoparicles using the sol-gel was prepared, size and type of particles, respectively, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray-Diffraction were determined. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of growth dilution method was done by microdilution test.C. dubliensis biofilms (DSY 1024) after 48h incubation at 37oC inhibited the information of nanoparticles ZnO, SDS and Fluconazole drug as a positive control on Candida biofilms was assessed by MTT tetrasolium salt reduction. The collected data using statistical t-test and SPSS software were analyzed.Results: The results of this study showed that a minimum concentration of inhibitor nanoparticles, ZnO, SDS and fluconazole, respectively: 9.25, 0.02, 8 mg/ml. Inhibitory strength of biofilm adhesion in the presence of nanoparticles ZnO, SDS and fluconazole, equivalent to more than twice the concentration of the MIC was determined.Conclusion: In this study, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a chemical method indicat that has anti-fungal properties. Therefore, a new way of working for the prevention of biofilm formation of Candida biofilms particularly associated with medical devices to be.

Background and Objective: Allergic diseases are extremely common disorders worldwide. Different allergens can cause allergic symptoms. In order to take preventive measures and appropriate treatment stratgies of allergic diseases, identification of allergens is essential step in each region. The purpose of this study was to determine sensitivity to common aeroallergens by skin prick test.Subjects and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 410 patients with the sign and symptoms of allergic diseases were investigated for 24 common aeroallergens using skin prick test. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using Chi squared test.Results: Of 410 patients 354 (86.3%) had positive skin test to at least one of the aeroallergens. Common outdoor allergens (65.6%) were higher than indoor allergens (42.6%). Outdoor allergens with lots of weeds (62.3%) were the most common allergens. Among the weeds, Salsola kali and Amaranthus retroflexus had the highest frequency (72.2 and 70.7% respectively) and Lolium perenne with 34.4% had the lowest prevalence. The average concentration of total serum IgE levels in patients with positive reactions was 176 IU/ ml.Conclusion: Sensitization to pollen of the plants is the most common cause of respiratory allergic diseases in Ahvaz. These findings demonstrate that, in order to achieve a better control and prevention of allergic diseases, the role of plan pollens need to be considered as a major contributing factor in this area. Identifying and determining the most common allergens in the region can provide the necessary recommendations to Patients took an important step in controlling and preventing disease.

Background and Objective: In order to establish micromechanical retention, the internal surface of indirect composite restoration must be made before submitted to treatment. The aim of thisin vitro investigation was to compare of microleakage in direct composite inlay restoration between two different surface treatments.Materials and Methods: Using 75 extracted non-carious human premolars, following cavity preparation, all samples were restored by composite inlays after removal of inlays. The samples were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=25), according to the following surface treatment methods: sand blasting with 50mm Al2O3 particles, etching with 9.5 % hydrofluoric acid and non-treated control groups. All inlays were cemented to the tooth cavities with dual cure cement. The samples were thermocycled (500 cycles at 5-55OC), sectioned and extent of dye penetration at gingival margins was scored be two independent operators. The data were statically analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests.Results: Air abrasion resulted in a significant decrease in microleakage among all groups (P=0.030). Sand blasting led to less microleakage compared to hydrofluoric acid treatment (P=0.0385) and control (P=0.008). No significant difference was observed between hydrofluoric acid and control group.Conclusion: Sand blasting resulted in a significant reduction in microleakage, in composite inlays.

Background and Objective: The children spend a long time of their levels at school during which they have a close contact with their hygiene teachers, who play an important and a key role in prevention of various diseases. The aim of this interventional research was to evaluation of the effectiveness of education on awareness of hygiene teachers in primary schools of Ahvaz on role of preventive orthodontics.Subjects and Methods: Sixty eight of hygiene teachers of primary schools of Ahvaz were participated. Before the beginning of the teaching program, they were pre-tested with a questionnaire. After that, hygiene teachers underwent an educational training comprising an educating film and supplementary explanations. A copy of the film and a pamphlet about oral hygiene and preventive orthodontics were given. After three weeks the subjects were re-tested with the same questionnaire once more.Results: This educational package caused an increase of awareness of hygiene teachers about oral hygiene and preventive orthodontics. (P<0.001). The level of education and the duration of service of hygiene teachers had no effect on level of awareness before and after training. (P>0.05).Conclusion: Training about the importance of oral hygiene instruction and preventive orthodontics can increase awareness of hygiene teachers to these problems in students.

Control and correct recording of both fluid intake and urinary output is a simple but an important measure in the management and treatment of patients with acute renal failure (ARF). Incorrect recording of urinary output by nurses may cause to significant complications among these patients. In this report, we report the results of misdiagnosis due to incorrect recoding of urinary output in a 28-year-old female patient with severe preeclampsia at 31 weeks of gestation who developed ARF and anuria after hysterectomy during emergency cesarean section. Computed tomography and serial ultrasonography of kidneys and urinary tract on 2, 4, 8, and 12 day after cesarean section revealed only mild hydronephrosis. Although, the patient had no urinary output, but was mistakenly, due to not emptying the urine bag daily, a nurse's record of daily urinary output of 300-350 ml/day was entered. We thought that ARF is due to acute tubular necrosis because of severe bleeding during surgery and hydronephrosis is a secondary consequence of her recent pregnancy. After fifteen days, it was revealed that the patient had anuria and therefore our diagnosis was changed to bilateral ureteral ligation during hysterectomy, which was corrected and her renal function was normalized.